Effect of Temperature on δ-Ferrite Morphology of Carbon Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Le Thi Nhung ◽  
Nguyen Duong Nam ◽  
Pham Mai Khanh

δ-ferrite was formed in the weld metal when the melted metal solidified to the room temperature. The δ-ferrite morphology depended on the composition, temperature gradient and growth rate. Research on the influence of heat treatment temperature (400°C, 600°C, 900°C) on the morphology changes and the δ-ferrite content is presented in this paper using optical microscopy, SEM, TEM. The δ-ferrite concentration reduced continuously in increasing temperature (from 23.5% after welding to 11% at 900°C for 10 hours). Besides, the formation of sigma phase and carbides at 600°C were the main cause of increasing hardness values in the fusion zone. However, the heat treatment at a temperature of 900°C eliminated both the sigma phase and brittleness.

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Manh Tuong ◽  
Jian Li

Abstract Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium×auriculiformis) sapwood was heat-treated in nitrogen under laboratory conditions for 2–6 h at 210°C–230°C. Chemical composition and physical properties including water absorption and swelling were examined. The results showed that these properties were reduced significantly by heat treatment, and there is an interactive effect of temperature and time on them. Chemical changes of the wood surface were determined by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analysis. Results indicate that the O/C ratio decreases as a function of treatment intensity due to the migration of extractives and degradation products to the surface during heat treatment. The C1s peaks showed an elevated content of lignin and extractives, whereas the hydroxyl group content was diminished with elevated treatment temperature. The O1s peaks revealed an increase in the O1 peak and confirmed the course of C1s peaks. These results coincide with the decrease in water absorption and swelling of wood after heat treatment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 4929-4937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiqi Li ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Zhenglin Xu ◽  
Guangming Cai

This article is focused on a novel method to color wool fabric via heat treatment under an inert atmosphere. It can not only give new color to the fabric but also minimize pollution, because it is water and dye-free. The effects of temperature, time and different inert atmospheres (nitrogen, argon) used in the heat treatment on wool fabric color were studied. The bending stiffness, the crease recovery angle and tensile testing were used to analyze the mechanical properties of wool fabric before and after heat treatment. The color fastness to soaping and light of wool fabric after inert atmosphere heat treatment were compared with that of traditional basic yellow dyed wool fabric. The results showed that the K/ S value of wool fabric treated with a nitrogen and argon atmosphere increased with the increasing temperature and time. Under the same heat treatment conditions, the maximum K/ S value of fabric heat treated under nitrogen was higher than that under argon. The bending stiffness and crease recovery angle performance were improved and positively correlated with the heat treatment temperature and time. The samples treated under the same conditions under nitrogen showed higher bending stiffness and a lower crease recovery angle than under argon. The contact angle of the wool fabric after the treatment would decrease first and then increase with the increasing temperature. The tensile strength of the wool fabric would decrease with increasing temperature and time of the heat treatment in both nitrogen and argon, and the tensile strength of the wool fabric after treatment was higher than 80% of the original tensile strength, although the breaking elongation decreased. The color fastness to soaping and light of wool fabric after inert atmosphere heat treatment were better than for the traditional basic yellow dyed wool fabric. Therefore, the use of inert atmosphere heat treatment to endow wool fabric color is a potential research direction.


1983 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Honeyman ◽  
T.A. Towers

ABSTRACTIt is general practice to weld bullet proof steels with 20Cr-9Ni-3Mo Duplex stainless alloy. Little information is available regarding increasing the strength of these weldments or their response to time at temperatures used for heat treatments. This investigation sought to study possible strengthening mechanisms involving silicon additions and the effects of heat treating such welds at 1050°C.A 2% silicon addition gave a 16% increase in strength with approximately equal contributions from stacking fault energy, solute and second phase hardening. However, the ductility was significantly reduced by a high ferrite content. When this δ ferrite content was corrected by cobalt additions a 26% increase in strength was achieved, giving properties very similar to bullet proof steels.A 1050°C heat treatment programme showed rapid sigma phase formation from δ ferrite but the process was reversed on further heating. This phenomenon was attributed to alloy migration as the weld microstructure approached equilibrium, the hardness of the alloys followed the variation in δ ferrite content being at their heightest at the beginning and end of heat treatment.


Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan-Yong Zhao ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Pei-Kang Bai ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Li-Yun Wu ◽  
...  

In this research, the effect of several heat treatments on the microstructure and microhardness of TC4 (Ti6Al4V) titanium alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) is studied. The results showed that the original acicular martensite α′-phase in the TC4 alloy formed by SLM is converted into a lamellar mixture of α + β for heat treatment temperatures below the critical temperature (T0 at approximately 893 °C). With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the size of the lamellar mixture structure inside of the TC4 part gradually grows. When the heat treatment temperature is above T0, because the cooling rate is relatively steep, the β-phase recrystallization transforms into a compact secondary α-phase, and a basketweave structure can be found because the primary α-phase develop and connect or cross each other with different orientations. The residence time for TC4 SLM parts when the treatment temperature is below the critical temperature has little influence: both the α-phase and the β-phase will tend to coarsen but hinder each other, thereby limiting grain growth. The microhardness gradually decreases with increasing temperature when the TC4 SLM part is treated below the critical temperature. Conversely, the microhardness increases significantly with increasing temperature when the TC4 SLM part is treated above the critical temperature.


2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1347-1350
Author(s):  
W.H. Lee ◽  
C.S. Hong ◽  
S.Y. Chang

Abstract The initial ferrite powders were subjected to high energy ball milling at 300rpm for 3h, and subsequently heat-treated at 573-1273K for 1h. Based on the observation of microstructure and measurement of magnetic properties, the heat-treatment effect was investigated. The size of initial powders was approximately 70μm. After milling, the powders with approximately 230nm in size were obtained, which were composed of the nano-sized particles of approximately 15nm in size. The milled powders became larger to approximately 550nm after heat-treatment at 973K. In addition, the size of particles increased to approximately 120nm with increasing temperature up to 973K. The coercivity of initial powders was almost unchanged after milling, whereas the saturation magnetization increased. As the heat-treatment temperature increased, the saturation magnetization gradually increased and the maximum coercivity was obtained at 773K.


Author(s):  
E. Yu. Bobrova ◽  
I. I. Popov ◽  
M. I. Gandzhuntscev ◽  
A. D. Zhukov

Statement of the problem. The modernization of insulation systems if engineering structures, including pipelines and industrial facilities, is aimed both at solving the general problems of energy efficiency, as well as the particular tasks of heat saving and environmental safety. In this regard, the development and use of a binder that cures at much lower temperatures and does not contain phenols is an urgent task. Results. An experiment conducted to assess the effect on adhesion to various surfaces of a complex binder, cured in the temperature range from 80 to 140 °C, allowed us to determine the optimal flow rate of the latent component and modifier, which were respectively 3.6--4.0 % and 2.6±0.1 % by weight of a binder at an optimal heat treatment temperature of 100 °C. The calculation established that when switching from heat treatment at 250 °C to heat treatment at 100 °C, direct heat costs are reduced by 60 %, and energy costs for the manufacture of mineral wool cylinders by 20--30 %. Conclusion . The possibility of using epoxy glue on latent hardeners as a binder for highly porous systems with the distribution and curing of this binder on thin mineral fibers was justified theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The characteristic parameters of the curing process were determined, the duration of which decreases with increasing temperature and the content of latent hardener.


2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Teck Kwon ◽  
Soo Ryong Kim ◽  
Y. Kim ◽  
Yoon Joo Lee ◽  
Ji Yeon Won ◽  
...  

β-SiC powder was synthesized using silicon sludge from photovoltaic silicon-wafer production by varying heat treatment temperature and carbon contents. The synthesized β-SiC powder and silicon sludge was analyzed by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and Particle size analysis. It is known that the conversion of SiC from the mixture of Silicon and Carbon is mainly affected by the mole ratio of C/Si and heat treatment temperature. In this study, the influence of reaction temperature and carbon contents on the synthesis of β-SiC from silicon sludge was examined.


Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Penner

The phytotoxicity of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) to corn (Zea maysL.) and soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) seedlings and 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) to soybean seedlings increased with increasing temperature from 20 to 30 C. The phytotoxicity of α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) did not change significantly between 20 and 30 C. Corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C translocated more14C from14C-atrazine and soybeans more14C from14C-linuron to the shoots during the 4-hr root uptake treatment period than plants grown at 20 C. There was less accumulation of14C from14C-atrazine in soybean roots and14C-linuron and14C-trifluralin in the roots of corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C. Comparison of data at 30 C and 20 C during the 4-hr root uptake treatment period showed enhanced root to shoot movement of14C from14C-atrazine in corn and from14C-linuron in soybean at the higher uptake treatment temperature indicating a possible relationship between increased herbicide transport to the shoot at high temperature and increased phytotoxicity.


Author(s):  
И.М. ПОЧИЦКАЯ ◽  
Ю.Ф. РОСЛЯКОВ ◽  
В.В. ЛИТВЯК ◽  
А.Н. ЮДЕНКО

Исследовано влияние температуры и длительности нагревания на деградацию аминокислот в пищевых продуктах. Образцы белого пшеничного хлеба подвергали термической обработке при температурах 90, 120, 150 и 180°С с интервалом в 30 мин в течение 2 ч. Количество аминокислот определяли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с предколоночной дериватизацией с использованием о-фталевого альдегида. Установлено, что с повышением температуры и увеличением длительности нагревания наблюдается снижение содержания аминокислот. Определены особенности реагирования аминокислот на воздействие температуры. Установлено, что на снижение содержания аспарагиновой кислоты в большей степени влияет высокая температура, чем время термообработки. Заметное снижение содержания тирозина в образцах выявлено при термообработке в течение 30–60 мин при температуре 180°С. Для аргинина характерно линейное снижение содержания при температуре 120–180°С. Содержание гистидина медленнее снижается при незначительном повышении температуры, а при высоких температурах увеличение времени термообработки ускоряет реакцию. Количество лизина существенно снижается при повышении температуры, а время нагревания влияет незначительно, причем чем выше температура, тем меньше влияние продолжительности нагревания. Отмечено повышение содержания отдельных аминокислот, что, возможно, связано с процессом ресинтеза. The aim of the work – study the effect of temperature and heating time on the degradation of amino acids. In the studies, samples of white wheat bread were heat treated at temperatures of 90, 120, 150 and 180°C with a time interval of 30 min for 2 h. Determination of the number of amino acids was carried out using HPLC from pre-columnar derivatization using o-phthalic aldehyde. It is established that with temperature increase and increase in duration of heating decrease in content of amino acids is observed. Some peculiarities of the reaction of amino acids to the effect of temperature have been established. For example, the decrease in the content of aspartic acid is more affected by the high temperature than the time of heat treatment. A noticeable decrease in tyrosine content is observed during heat treatment for 30–60 min at a temperature of 180°C. For arginine it is characterized by a linear decrease of the content in the range of 120–180°C. Histidine slows down with a slight increase in temperature, and at high temperatures, an increase of the heat treatment time accelerates the reaction. The amount of lysine falls more strongly with increasing temperature, and the heating time affects slightly, and, the higher the temperature, the less time affects. An increase in the content of individual amino acids is also noted, which is probably connected with the process of resynthesis.


2018 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Manlika Kamnoy ◽  
Uraiwan Intatha ◽  
Anocha Munpakdee ◽  
Sukum Eitssayeam ◽  
Tawee Tunkasiri

In this study, the mechanical properties and microstructure of lithium disilicate glass–ceramics in the Li2O-SiO2-Al2O3-K2O-P2O5-ZrO2-CaO glass system were investigated. The glass-ceramics were prepared from the glass melt by casting into mold on hotplate. After that the glass was heat treated at 650-800 °C for 2 h. The heat treatment temperatures were determined from the differential thermal analysis (DTA). The phase formation and microstructure of the glass–ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the mechanical properties was investigated by Vickers hardness testing. The results indicated that the samples confirmed the occurrence of Li2SiO3, Li2Si2O5, Li3PO4, and LiAlSi2O6 phases in the prepared glass ceramics. The optimum heat treatment temperature results in the physical properties with a high Vickers hardness values in the range of 5.4-5.8 GPa.


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