scholarly journals The ecological state of the raw material zone of the enterprises supplying beef for baby food

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zabashta ◽  
Elena Golovko ◽  
Irina Sinelshchikova ◽  
Anastasia Androsova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Quantitative Content

Subjects of the research: soils, pasture and cultivated plants, vegetable raw materials, prepared feed of the raw material zone of the Branch of the Tikhoretsky Children's Meat Canning Plant of DANON-RUSSIA JSC. The quantitative content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils under the main feed crops and their accumulation in finished feeds was determined. The a soil with a high humus content cover in the area of the surveyed farms is mainly represented by carbonate weakly humus heavy-duty “chernozem”, which occupies 82.5 % of all land. Fodder raw materials in the autumn-winter season 2019-2020 is safe in quantitative content regulated by standards of elements of heavy metals. Their contents were established: mercury ≤ 0.01 mg / kg, cadmium ≤ 0.2 mg / kg, lead ≤ 2.0 mg / kg and arsenic ≤ 0.5 mg / kg. However, there was an insignificant (1-2%) increase in the zinc content in the silage from the green mass of corn and haylage from the green mass of alfalfa. It was established that the remains of the prohibited pesticides are in trace amounts or practically absent in the feed of the raw material zone. The monitoring results will be used in farms - suppliers of beef for the production of baby food - canned meat and meat and vegetable.

scholarly journals The intensity of heavy metals accumulation by the milk thistle leaf mass under its fertilization with the latest fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
S. Razanov ◽  
S. Tkachyk ◽  
A. Razanova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Metals Accumulation

The aim of the research is to study the intensity of heavy metals accumulation in milk thistle leaf mass under fertilization with the latest types of fertilizers and to assess the environmental safety of such raw materials. Two experiments were laid in the research: the effect of fertilizing milk thistle with organo-mineral fertilizer Growth-concentrate on the intensity heavy metals accumulation by its leaf mass; the effect of fertilizing milk thistle with chelated fertilizers Phosphorus-chelate and Potassium-chelate on the intensity on heavy metals accumulation by the leaf mass. The use of a chelated Phosphorus chelate fertilizer for the fertilization of milk thistle crops leads to a 1.1 times decrease in the contamination of its leaf mass with cadmium and copper in comparison with the option without fertilizing its crops, and the increase in the concentration of lead and zinc compared to the control is insignificant and is within the range errors of experience. The use of fertilization of crops of milk thistle chelated fertilizer Potassium-chelate helps to reduce the contamination of its leaf mass with cadmium compared to the control, and the change in its contamination with copper is within the margin of error. At the same time, replacing the Growth-concentrate fertilizer with Phosphorus-chelate or Potassium-chelate when fertilizing milk thistle crops will lead to a decrease in the contamination of its leaf mass with lead, cadmium and copper, but will increase the contamination with zinc, compared to the control. The most environmentally safe leaf raw material of milk thistle in terms of lead, cadmium and copper content will be observed when fertilizing its crops with chelated fertilizers Phosphorus-chelate, and in terms of zinc content – when fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer Growth-concentrate. It is advisable to use Phosphorus-chelate fertilizer for the plant fertilization to reduce the contamination of the leaf mass of the medicinal raw material of milk thistle with heavy metals, in particular cadmium – by 9 % and copper – by 11 %,. To reduce contamination of the leaf mass with zinc by 81 %, it is recommended to use the organic-mineral fertilizer Growth-concentrate. Key words: milk thistle, medicinal raw materials, environmental safety, heavy metals, pollution, fertilizers.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

scholarly journals HPLC determination of phenolic compounds content in Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia vagans thalli

Pharmacia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
O. A. Kyslychenko ◽  
Viktoriia V. Protska ◽  
Iryna O. Zhuravel
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Parmelia Sulcata ◽  
Quantitative Content

The species of Parmelia genus have long been used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, ulcers, furunculosis, cardiovascular diseases, urolithiasis, amenorrhea, and also at infectious and inflammatory diseases. In Ukraine, the most common lichens of the Parmelia genus are Parmelia sulcata Tailor and Parmelia vagans Nyl. At the same time, thalli of Parmelia genus lichens belong to the non-officinal and poorly studied types of raw material. The qualitative composition and the quantitative content of phenolic compounds in Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia vagans thalli was studied by HPLC. According to the results of the chromatographic analysis, salazinic, fumaroprotocetraric, usnic acids, chloratranorin and atranorin were identified in both types of raw material studied. In addition, protocetraric acid was identified in Parmelia sulcata thalli. According to the results of the experiment, the total content of identified phenolic compounds in Parmelia sulcata thalli was 2019.71±40.39 g/mol, and in Parmelia vagans thalli it comprised 1754.18±34.77 g/mol. In the thalli of both studied species of Parmelia genus, fumaroprotocetraric acid dominanted by the quantity. This substance was present in Parmelia sulcata thalli in the amount of 474.00±9.00 g/mol, and in Parmelia vagans thalli – 456.21±8.67 g/mol. In addition, a significant amount of chloratranorin (408.79±8.99 g/mol) was present in Parmelia sulcata thalli. Quite a high content of atranorin (393.34±8.65 g/mol) and usnic acid (375.31±7.53 g/mol) were defined in Parmelia vagans thalli. The results obtained can be used in the development of quality control methods for Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia vagans thalli, as well as medicines based on these types of raw materials.

scholarly journals Research in the Development and Validation of the Method of Quantitative Determination of Flavonoids in the Common Sorrel Herba, Gathered in the Altai Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Kutateladze ◽  
L. M. Fedoseeva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Development And Validation

Introduction. Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) is a biennial herb from the Buckwheat family (Polygonaceae L.). In our previously studies of phenolic compounds composition of alcohol extraction and ethereal, ethyl acetate, butanol fractions of common sorrel herba and flavonoids of the flavonol group was found. From the literature sources it is known that flavonoids are one of the groups of biologically active compounds with anti-inflammatory action. In this regard, the actual task is to assess the quantitative content of flavonoids in common sorrel herba.Aim. Is the development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in common sorrel herba.Materials and methods. It has been established that the flavonoid complex of common sorrel herba includes rutin, therefore, the reference sample (RS) rutin was used as a standard for calculating the amount of flavonoids. Alcohol extract of common sorrel herba and a solution of rutin RS were prepared. The complexation reaction with aluminum chloride was carried out. The resulting solutions were investigated by the method of differential spectrophotometry. The spectral characteristics of the test and standard samples were compared. Then we studied the effect of extraction conditions on the yield of flavonoids from the raw material: the extractant, the particle size of the raw material, the ratio of «raw material – extractant», temperature, frequency and duration of extraction. Purified water and ethyl alcohol of various concentrations (20%, 40%, 70%, 90%) were used as the extractant. Next, carried out the selection of the optimal conditions for the complexation reaction (the complexation reaction time, the ratio of «aliquot – aluminum chloride alcohol solution»). The method was validated according to GPM.1.1.0012.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia (SF) XIII edition and generally accepted methods for the following indicators: specificity, analytical field, linearity, accuracy, precision.Results and discussion. The optimal parameters for extracting flavonoids from raw materials were determined (threefold extraction with ethyl alcohol 70% in a water bath, the ratio of «raw material – extractant» – 1:30 for 30 minutes, the particle size of the raw material – 2.0 mm). The conditions for the complexation reaction were selected (the ratio «aliquot: aluminum chloride alcohol solution» – 1: 2.5, the complexing agent – aluminum chloride solution 5% alcohol, the appearance of a stable solution color after 40 minutes). When carrying out the validation of the developed method, it was established that the validation characteristics under study are within the acceptance criteria. When analyzing the raw materials harvested in the Altai Territory in different years, it was found that the content of flavonoids in common sorrel herba ranges from 0,596 to 0,632%.Conclusion. The optimal parameters of extraction of flavonoids from raw materials were determined, the conditions for the complexation reaction were selected, and the developed method was validated. The quantitative content of flavonoids in terms of rutin in sorrel sour grass harvested in the Altai Territory in different years has been established.

Environmental managing of bottom ashes from municipal thermovalorization waste for civil applications, as a function of particle size, based on steam washing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Caviglia ◽  
Enrico Destefanis ◽  
Davide Bernasconi ◽  
Linda Pastero ◽  
Giorgia Confalonieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
High Concentrations

<p>Nowadays, the production of constructional materials requires raw materials obtained through extractive activities that often imply different environmental impacts. In a perspective of a growing sensitivity towards a responsible use of natural resources the attention to materials coming from waste is focused. The waste from the municipal thermovalorization plants can be suitable for this applications, and after moderate and sustainable treatments, can find a role of raw material-second in the construction of works, reducing the need to find additional natural resources and related problems for disposal or storage. The present study aims to explore the possibility of promoting inertization (i.e. reducing the BA’s release in water of environmentally dangerous chemical species below the legal thresholds) of as large a fraction of BA as possible, using ashes from one of the municipal waste incineration plants of Northern Italy, and exploiting byproducts of the incineration cycle, i.e. the spared steam from turbines, which produce electricity, and carbon dioxide from combustion fumes. The treatments discussed are as a function of the particle size (s).  BA are partitioned into three main classes, determined by previous studies s ≥ 4.75, 4.75 > s ≥ 1, s < 1 mm; %. The BA fraction with 4.75 > s ≥ 1 mm was further divided into two portions to optimize the steam washing process: 4.75 > s ≥ 2 mm and  2 > s ≥ 1 mm. BA with s > 4.75 mm are treated with steam washing only. In fact, although they do not contain high concentrations of heavy metals, they largely surpass the Italian legislation thresholds related to the occurrence of chlorides and sulfates. Steam is generally available from modern incineration plants in a considerable amount, and it is more effective than water in removing a variety of impurities/low-crystallinity fragments from the surface of coarse grains. Inertization of BA with 4.75 > s ≥ 1 is investigated by means of both steam washing and accelerated carbonation, to optimize the combination of these methods and expand as much as possible the s-range that requires steam washing only.  As to the BA fraction with s < 1 mm, whose heavy metals content is likely larger than elsewhere, steam washing is of difficult application and therefore we resort to accelerated carbonation.</p>

scholarly journals Quantitative content of flavonoids in plant samples from the Crimean population of oregano (Origanum vulgare)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
A.V. Mishnev ◽  
E.F. Myagkikh ◽  
I.V. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content

The aim of the research was to analyze the quantitative content of flavonoids in raw oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) from indigenous flora from different geographical locations of the Crimean peninsula. The objectives of the research included: the selection of promising samples for breeding, conclusion on the potential use of raw materials collected from regional indigenous populations for medical purposes. It was found that the raw oregano material in most cases did not conform to the requirements of the pharmacopoeial monograph RF XIV in terms of the total flavonoids content equivalent to luteolin and can not be recommended for use as an official raw material. The total content of flavonoids in herbal raw materials varied from 0.40 to 1.05% with an average value of 0.69%. Only three of the tested samples exceeded the threshold of 0.80%, with 0.81–1.05% value, one sample had this index at the level of the lower threshold, 0.80%. No high-flavonoid samples that would be valuable as donors of this trait for breeding varieties of medicinal direction have been identified. The conclusion was made that it is advisable to grow high-flavonoid varieties specially created for this purpose instead of collecting oregano herbal materials in their natural habitat.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Resveratrol Isolation Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
A.N. Zhabayeva ◽  
M.T. Velyamov ◽  
N.E. Nakypbekova ◽  
S.G. Dolgikh ◽  
S.M. Adekenov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Content

The article discusses the use of supercritical fluid extraction in the technology for the isolation of resveratrol, a phenolic compound found in Vitis vinifera L. A technology was developed for obtaining the sum of polyphenolic compounds with a quantitative content of resveratrol. As a raw material for the production of the substance, Vitis pomace was used after the production of wine and juice, which makes it possible to introduce complex processing of plant raw materials. For the first time, by the method of carbon dioxide extraction, the conditions for the isolation of resveratrol from Vitis pomace raw materials of the Kazakhstani varieties Saperavi and Cabernet were optimized. The influence of pressure (from 10 to 35 MPa), duration (from 60 to 180 min), temperature (from 50 to 70 °C) was studied when optimizing the extraction mode. The quantitative content of resveratrol in carbon dioxide extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). The optimal parameters for the extraction of Vitis vinifera L. pomace (pressure, duration, temperature) were established, which provide a relatively high content of resveratrol in the extracts.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic with medicinal herbal raw material of common shovel harvested in Voronezh region

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Nina A. Dyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Voronezh Region

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the contamination with heavy metals of medicinal plant raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of the roots of ordinary burdock, prepared in urbo- and agro-ecosystems, which have various anthropogenic effects on themselves. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic in 51 samples of raw materials was studied. By comparing the heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the roots of the bladder, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the roots of the bladder, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. At the same time, this type of medicinal vegetal raw material is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals included in the active centers of enzyme systems (copper and zinc). Thus, for an ordinary bladder under conditions of anthropogenic load, an edaphotype is formed, which is as a result of selection in conditions of anthropogenic pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE CONTENT OF THE MAIN ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE ROOTS OF THE NATURAL AND IN-TRODUCED PLANT SAPOSHNIKOVIA DIVARICATE (TURCZ.) SCHISCHK.

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Bayarma Munhoevna Urbagarova ◽  
Vasiliy Vladimirovich Taraskin ◽  
Tat'yana Valer'yevna Elisafenko ◽  
El'vira Eduardovna Shults ◽  
Elena Anatol'yevna Korolyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Saposhnikovia Divaricata ◽  
Active Substances

A HPLC-UV method was developed for the quantitative analysis of chromones in the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. The optimal parameters of chromones extraction (two-fold ultrasonic extraction with a duration of 40 min with 50% ethyl alcohol at a raw material-extractant ratio of 1:10) were selected. The validation analysis showed that the proposed method is characterized by satisfactory metrological parameters. The method was used for the analysis of raw materials of wild, introduced and commercial samples of S. divaricata. In this work, for the first time in the roots of S. divaricata from natural populations of Buryatia, Trans-Baikal Territory, Mongolia and in the introduced samples, the HPLC-UV method was used to determine the quantitative content of the main active substances: prim-O-glucosylcimifugine (0.13–5.22 mg/g), cimifugine (0.01– 1.82 mg/g) and 4’-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (0.98–3.25 mg/g). The total content of chromones varies depending on the place of collection and the phase of vegetation. The content of chromones in two samples of roots from introduced S. divaricatae, collected in the first year of introduction in different climatic conditions, was established.

scholarly journals The role of perennial grasses in creating a sustainable feed base by conveyor use

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Pavlyuchik ◽  
A. D. Kapsamun, ◽  
N. N. Ivanova ◽  
V. A. Tyulin ◽  
O. S. Silina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Wide Range

Currently, the most urgent task in improving the industry of feed production is the creation of green and raw materials conveyors, which will allow an uninterrupted supply of vegetable raw materials from early spring to late autumn for feeding farm animals and preparing high-quality feed. The research has shown that the most optimal time for mowing alfalfaclover-cereals mixtures with high fodder values is the budding phase - the start of flowering of legume grasses in the conveyor system with 10.6-15.2% of raw protein content in the crop. It was noted that the cultivation of meadow clover varieties of various ripening time mixed with a wide range of alfalfa and cereal grasses lead to the decrease in the effect of unfavorable weather conditions and to 15-20% increase in grass mixtures productivity. The article presents recommendations for the extension of the productive longevity of grass stands up to five years using mixtures with different ripening varieties of meadow clover and alfalfa with grass components of a new generation with productivity up to 32.8 t / ha of green mass.  According to the field test of 2013-2017, the article provides data on the green mass productivity of alfalfa-clover-cereals grass stands with the addition of early ripening varieties of grasses, which for two mowings averaged 29.4 t / ha in 2013-2014 and 30.1 t / ha in 2015-2017.  The methods of creating and using grass mixtures have been indicated, the best time for mowing has been defined by conveyor use of them in the Upper Volga region. The scheme of the green and raw materials conveyor with the use of differently ripening grass mixtures, consisting of new species and varieties of forage grasses of different periods of ripening, is given. It has been established that the use of legume-grass mixtures allows to obtain high-quality raw material for the production of bulk feed within 110-120 days, which acts as the way to increase the efficiency of fodder production. An expanded range of fodder grasses creates the conditions for improving the sustainability of fodder production in less dependence on extreme weather conditions. 

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