scholarly journals Pumice Characteristics and Their Utilization on the Synthesis of Mesoporous Minerals and on the Removal of Heavy Metals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. M. Ismail ◽  
O. I. El-Shafey ◽  
M. H. A. Amr ◽  
M. S. El-Maghraby
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Zeolite P

Wastewater treatment of some heavy metals was carried out by synthetic zeolite P1, which was prepared by alkaline hydrothermal treatment of the pumice. Both of the pumice raw materials and synthetic zeolite were investigated for their chemical phase composition, physical properties, and microstructure. The adsorption behavior of Na-zeolite P1 with respect to Co+2, Cu+2, Fe+2, and Cd+2 has been studied to be applied in the industrial wastewater treatment. Metal removal was investigated using synthetic solutions at different ions concentrations, time, and Na-P1 zeolite doses as well as constant temperature and pH. It is concluded that the optimum conditions for synthesis of highly active Na-P1 zeolite from natural pumice raw material are one molar NaOH concentration, temperature at 80°C, and one week as a crystallization time. In addition to the effect of time and zeolite dose as well as the ion concentration of the reaction efficiency for metals removals are recorded.

scholarly journals EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN CIOBANU ◽  
GHEORGHE VOICU ◽  
MAGDALENA – LAURA TOMA ◽  
PAULA TUDOR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
Combustion Processes

<p>With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits.</p>

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Biosorption of Cadmium by Fucus spiralis

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Esteban Sastre de Vicente ◽  
Roberto Herrero ◽  
Pablo Lodeiro ◽  
Bruno Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Biosorption Process ◽  
Fucus Spiralis ◽  
Biosorption Kinetics

Environmental Context. Conventional processes for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters generally involves chemical precipitation of metals (changing the pH) followed by a period to allow the metal precipitates to settle and be separated. These processes are inefficient when the metals are at a low concentration and still demand handling and disposal of toxic metal sludges. An alternative method for heavy metal removal is adsorption onto a biological material, biosorption. The biological materials, including agricultural byproducts, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae, all which take up heavy metals in substantial quantities, are relatively inexpensive, widely available, and from renewable sources. However, biological materials are complex and the active mechanisms often unclear. Abstract. Cadmium biosorption properties of nonliving, dried brown marine macroalga Fucus spiralis from Galician coast (northwest Spain) have been investigated. The biosorption capacity of the alga strongly depends on solution pH; the uptake is almost negligible at pH ≤ 2 and reaches a plateau at around pH 4.0. Cadmium biosorption kinetics by F. spiralis is relatively fast, with 90% of total adsorption taking place in less than one hour. A pseudo second order mechanism has been proved to be able to predict the kinetic behaviour of the biosorption process. The effect of initial cadmium ion concentration, alga dose, solution pH, and temperature on the biosorption kinetics has been studied. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich, and Tóth isotherms were used to fit the experimental data and to find out the adsorption parameters. Acid–base properties of the alga have been studied potentiometrically in order to calculate the number of acidic groups and the apparent pK value by using Katchalsky model. The pK obtained is comparable with typical values associated to the ionization of carboxyl groups of alginates, supporting the implication of these groups in the biosorption process.

scholarly journals Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Adsorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Sangeeta Madan ◽  
Richa Madan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Adsorption Processes

Adsorption processes are extensively used in wastewater treatment for heavy metal removal. The most widely used adsorbent is activated carbon giving the best of results but it’s high cost limits its use. It has a high cost of production and regeneration. As the world today faces a shortage of freshwater resources, it is inevitable to look for alternatives that lessen the burden on existing resources. Also, heavy metals are toxic even in trace concentrations, so an environmentally safe method of their removal necessitated the requirement of low cost adsorbents. Adsorption is a cost-effective technique and gained recognition due to its minimum waste disposal advantage. This chapter focuses on the process of adsorption and the types of adsorbent available today. It also encompasses the low-cost adsorbents ranging from agricultural waste to industrial waste explaining the adsorption reaction condition. The cost-effectiveness, technical applicability and easy availability of raw material with low negative impact on the system are the precursors in selecting the adsorbents. The novelty of the chapter lies in covering a wide range of adsorbents with their efficiency in removal of heavy metals from wastewater.

Pore-Forming Additives for Ceramic Gravel Production Made of Technogenic Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Kiryushina ◽  
N.S. Lupandina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Technogenic Waste

The purpose of the research is to determine the possibility of producing claydite gravel using the technogenic waste - wastewater treatment sludge – as the raw material. In this paper the titrimetric, spectrophotometrical, atomic absorption methods of research are used, the chemical composition of clay and wastewater treatment sludge has been determined. The possibility of using this waste material as an additive for claydite gravel production has been proved. The optimal amount of the wastewater treatment sludge being added to the basic raw stuff has been identified. The negligible extent of heavy metals leaching from the obtained building material has been researched and experimentally proved. The article can be of interest for the specialists in the sphere of obtaining new building materials based on industrial waste and wastewater treatment.

Wastewater Treatment in Removal of Heavy Metals

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-240
Author(s):  
Tehseen Yaseen ◽  
Anum Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
New Process ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
Nano Science

Nanotechnology is the area of nano science that shows great potential to establish a new process for wastewater treatment. It has been applied on a nanometer scale level. Currently, limited water resources and real treatment of wastewater is a chief requirement for the growing economy. It is in great demand to introduce the progressive wastewater treatment technologies. Therefore, the modern innovative processes in nanomaterial sciences have been appealing the target of scientists. The chapter addresses the developments in nanotechnology with respect to wastewater treatment, especially the removal of heavy metals and to the environmental applications. It will discuss the application of different classes of nanomaterials for wastewater treatment in removal of heavy metals and its possible effects to the environment. Therefore, the scope is to offer an overview of how nanomaterials are causing concerns related to heavy metal removal for water and in the surrounding environment.

Environmental managing of bottom ashes from municipal thermovalorization waste for civil applications, as a function of particle size, based on steam washing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Caviglia ◽  
Enrico Destefanis ◽  
Davide Bernasconi ◽  
Linda Pastero ◽  
Giorgia Confalonieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
High Concentrations

&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, the production of constructional materials requires raw materials obtained through extractive activities that often imply different environmental impacts. In a perspective of a growing sensitivity towards a responsible use of natural resources the attention to materials coming from waste is focused. The waste from the municipal thermovalorization plants can be suitable for this applications, and after moderate and sustainable treatments, can find a role of raw material-second in the construction of works, reducing the need to find additional natural resources and related problems for disposal or storage. The present study aims to explore the possibility of promoting inertization (i.e. reducing the BA&amp;#8217;s release in water of environmentally dangerous chemical species below the legal thresholds) of as large a fraction of BA as possible, using ashes from one of the municipal waste incineration plants of Northern Italy, and exploiting byproducts of the incineration cycle, i.e. the spared steam from turbines, which produce electricity, and carbon dioxide from combustion fumes. The treatments discussed are as a function of the particle size (s). &amp;#160;BA are partitioned into three main classes, determined by previous studies s &amp;#8805; 4.75, 4.75 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 1, s &lt; 1 mm; %. The BA fraction with 4.75 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 1 mm was further divided into two portions to optimize the steam washing process: 4.75 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 2 mm and&amp;#160; 2 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 1 mm. BA with s &gt; 4.75 mm are treated with steam washing only. In fact, although they do not contain high concentrations of heavy metals, they largely surpass the Italian legislation thresholds related to the occurrence of chlorides and sulfates. Steam is generally available from modern incineration plants in a considerable amount, and it is more effective than water in removing a variety of impurities/low-crystallinity fragments from the surface of coarse grains. Inertization of BA with 4.75 &gt; s &amp;#8805; 1 is investigated by means of both steam washing and accelerated carbonation, to optimize the combination of these methods and expand as much as possible the s-range that requires steam washing only.&amp;#160; As to the BA fraction with s &lt; 1 mm, whose heavy metals content is likely larger than elsewhere, steam washing is of difficult application and therefore we resort to accelerated carbonation.&lt;/p&gt;

Titanium Dioxide Supported on Activated Carbon Performance of Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 3319-3322
Author(s):  
Gong Jun Wang ◽  
Dong Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Titanium Sulfate ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Technology ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Carbon Performance

Photocatalytic is a developed technology in recent years for the wastewater treatment which is a new advanced oxidation technology. Stable, durable and highly active Nano-TiO2 is photocatalytic technology to be practical needs to solve, and also there are the important research hotspot.This paper adopts titanium sulfate and ammonia as raw material with nut shell activated carbon as a carrier was highly active load type, and activated TiO2 liquor X-3B simulation wastewater as the object of the degradation factors.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic with medicinal herbal raw material of common shovel harvested in Voronezh region

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Nina A. Dyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Voronezh Region

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the contamination with heavy metals of medicinal plant raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of the roots of ordinary burdock, prepared in urbo- and agro-ecosystems, which have various anthropogenic effects on themselves. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic in 51 samples of raw materials was studied. By comparing the heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the roots of the bladder, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the roots of the bladder, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. At the same time, this type of medicinal vegetal raw material is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals included in the active centers of enzyme systems (copper and zinc). Thus, for an ordinary bladder under conditions of anthropogenic load, an edaphotype is formed, which is as a result of selection in conditions of anthropogenic pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions.

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis of plant raw materials: state and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512
Author(s):  
V. S. Boltovsky
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Plant raw materials are practically an inexhaustible natural resource, since they are constantly renewed in the process of plant photosynthesis, which determines the prospects for their use for industrial processing in various ways, including hydrolytic. The main biopolymer components of plant biomass in terms of their quantitative content are polysaccharides, the hydrolytic processing of which by acidic or enzymatic hydrolysis leads to the formation of monosaccharides and various products obtained from them. This review of scientific literature analyzes theoretical concepts and the current state of research on the development, improvement and prospects for the use of enzymatic hydrolysis of plant raw materials. The efficiency of this process and the composition of the resulting products largely depend on the features of the supramolecular structure of cellulose, the content of hemicelluloses and lignin in the raw material, the balance and activity of the cellulase complex of enzymes. It is shown that the main directions of development and improvement of the processes of enzymatic hydrolysis of plant raw materials at present are the production and use of more effective strains of microorganisms that produce highly active enzymes, the directed creation of complex enzymes (hydrolyzing not only cellulose, but also hemicellulose, as well as destroying lignin), the development of methods for pretreatment of raw materials to increase the reactivity of cellulose and remove lignin and improve the processes of fermentolysis.

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