Study on the Potential of Kaolinitic Clay from Perak State, Malaysia for Aluminosilicate Ceramic Ball

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Hamdan Yahya ◽  
Mohd Roslee Othman ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Ceramic Ball ◽  
Kaolinitic Clay ◽  
Better Than

Commercially made kaolin is identified as one of the important materials for production of aluminosilicate for catalyst bed support. In this work, an attempt is made to study the potential of local clay for production of aluminosilicate. Three area were identified as kaolin sources in Perak state as they are Trong, Simpang Pulai and Bidor, and labelled as TC, SP and BC, respectively. For preparation of aluminosilicate, formulation using 30% clay and the rest used feldspar (40%) and silica sand (30%). Each batch were formed into ball shapes’ before fired at 1250°C at controlled firing rate of 3°C/min. From the investigation, it is found that only two local clays (CBTC and CBSP) highly potential to be used to produce ceramic ball for catalyst support. In addition, the crushing strength is 100% better than the commercial made product which also have less than 1% water absorption.

Studies on the Development of Benzoyl Peroxide Catalysed Rapid Oil Tanning using Linseed Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindia Sahu ◽  
Jaya Prakash Alla ◽  
Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
Remarkable Reduction ◽  
Better Than

Leather tanning is a stabilisation process of skin fibers. This is achieved by the interaction of collagen amino acids with tanning agents to stabilise skin from putrefaction. Tanning of collagen with oil is a special class of tanning known as chamois tanning. Chemically, the oil tanning involves oxidation of unsaturation present in the oil, which is generally achieved by exposing oil treated skins to air. In this study, Benzoyl peroxide has been used as an accelerating agent for oxidation of unsaturated bonds present in the linseed oil for oil tanning process. Results shows remarkable reduction in tanning duration from fifteen days to two days. The chamois leathers prepared using oxidation accelerant (Benzoyl peroxide) have been evaluated for physical properties such as water absorption (611%), tensile strength (18 N/mm2) and percentage of elongation (66 %) which are found to be better than control leathers.

scholarly journals STRENGTH, WATER ABSORPTION AND THERMAL COMFORT OF MORTAR BRICKS CONTAINING CRUSHED CERAMIC WASTE

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorli Ismail ◽  
Norhafizah Salleh ◽  
Noor Faezah Mohd Yusof ◽  
Zalipah Jamellodin ◽  
Mohd Faizal Mohd Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Masonry Units

This present study investigated the crushed ceramic waste utilisation as sand replacement in solid mortar bricks. The percentage of crushed ceramic waste used were 0% (CW0), 10% (CW10), 20% (CW20) and 30% (CW30) from the total weight of sand. The dimension prescribed of mortar bricks are 215 mm x 102.5 mm x 65 mm as followed accordance to MS 2281:2010 and BS EN 771-1:2011+A1:2015. Four (4) tests were conducted on mortar bricks namely crushing strength, water absorption, compressive strength of masonry units and thermal comfort. The incorporation of ceramic waste in all designated mortar bricks showed the increment of crushing strength between 23% and 46% at 28 days of curing and decrement water absorption between 34% and 44% was recorded corresponding to control mortar bricks. The prism test of masonry units consists of mortar bricks containing ceramic waste indicated the high increment of compressive strength at about 200% as compared to mortar brick without ceramic waste. The thermal comfort test of ceramic mortar bricks were also showed the good insulation with low interior temperature. Therefore, the ceramic waste can be utilised as a material replacement to fine aggregate in mortar brick productions due to significant outcomes performed. 

The Effect of Steel Slag Coarse Aggregate on the Mechanical and Durability Performances of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Md. Jihad Miah ◽  
Mohammad Shamim Miah ◽  
Anisa Sultana ◽  
Taukir Ahmed Shamim ◽  
Md Ashraful Alom
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Burnt Clay ◽  
Good Agreement

This work performs experimental investigations on concrete made with difference replacement percentage of first-class burnt clay brick aggregate (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100%) by steel slag (SS) aggregate. The aim is to evaluate the mechanical properties as well as durability performances, additionally, water absorption porosity test is performed to investigate the influence of steel slag aggregate on the durability of tested concrete. The experimental results have shown that the compressive strength was improved significantly due to the replacement of brick aggregate by steel slag aggregate. The crushing strength of concrete made with 100% steel slag aggregate has gained up to 70% more than the control concrete (100% brick aggregate). However, the porosity of concrete was reduced with the adding percentage of brick aggregate by steel slag aggregate which is consistent with the compressive strength results. Further, a quite good agreement between compressive strength and porosity was observed as well.

scholarly journals Performance of Dioscorea rotundata Peel as an Environmental Waste Additive in Enhancing the Insulating Properties of a Local Clay Mineral

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
K.G. Akpomie ◽  
C.C. Ezeofor ◽  
O.L. Alum ◽  
U.A. Augustine ◽  
F.N. Ibeanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Insulating Properties

The effect of Dioscorea rotundata peel environmental waste as an insulating additive for local clay was studied. The potential of a low cost indigenous clay mineral obtained from Akpugu-Ezedike in Nigeria for industrial application was also evaluated. The clay was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Prepared slurry mixture of the clay and peels were shaped, dried and fired. The chemical composition of the clay was determined by classical methods. Physical properties such as linear shrinkage, total shrinkage, modulus of rupture, apparent density, bulk density, apparent porosity,s welling index and water absorption, modulus of plasticity and refractoriness of the fired samples were determined. The clay was found to have a refractoriness of 12000C. SEM analysis revealed an increase in porosity of the fired clay bodies with increase in dosage of Dioscorea rotundata added. This result was corroborated by the high apparent porosity 49.67 – 60.02% and water absorption recorded 30.92 – 48.44% for the mixed fired samples. The result of this study clearly indicated the potential of Dioscorea rotundata peel as additive in enhancing insulating properties of fired clay as well as the usefulness of the local clay mineral for industrial purposes.

scholarly journals Development and Study for the Conversion of Silo Ash Into Aggregate of Different Fraction

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Zohaib Uddin ◽  
Dr. Prabha Padmakaraan ◽  
Ak Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Fineness Modulus

In This Study, The Strength and Productivity of Artificial Aggregate of Different Fraction Made Utilizing Fly Ash (Silo Ash), Silo Fly Ash Has Been Used and The Attempt Has Been Made to Cast the Finished Product in The Form of Aggregate of Different Fraction. The Measured Properties of Artificial Aggregate Were Crushing Strength, Fineness Modulus, Leach ability Test or pH, Fine Wastage, Specific Gravity, Density, Voids and Water absorption.

scholarly journals Effect of different splitting techniques on the characteristics of divided tablets of five commonly split drug products in Jordan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1776
Author(s):  
Shadi F. Gharaibeh ◽  
Linda Tahaineh
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Percentage Score ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Uniformity Test ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To determine the accuracy, variability, and weight uniformity of tablet subdivision techniques utilized to divide the tablets of five drug products that are commonly prescribed for use as half tablets in Jordan.  Methods: Ten random tablets of five commonly subdivided drug products were weighed and subdivided using three subdivision techniques: hand breaking, kitchen knife, and tablet cutter. The five commonly subdivided drug products (warfarin 5 mg, levothyroxine 50 μg, levothyroxine 100 μg, candesartan 16 mg, and carvedilol 25 mg) were weighed. The weights were analyzed for acceptance, accuracy, and variability. Weight variation acceptance criteria were adopted in this work as a tool to indicate the properness of the subdivision techniques used to produce acceptable half tablets. Other relevant physical characteristics of the five products such as tablet shape, dimensions, face curvature, score depth, and crushing strength were measured.  Results: All tablets were round in shape, had weights that ranged between 100.63 mg (standard deviation=0.99) and 379.04 mg (standard deviation=3.00), and had crushing strengths that ranged between 23.29 N (standard deviation=3.58)and 103.35 N (standard deviation=14.98). Both candesartan and carvedilol were bi-convex in shape with an extent of face curvature equal to about 33%. In addition, percentage score depth of the tablets had a range between 0% and 24%. The accuracy and variability of subdivision varied according to the subdivision technique used and tablet characteristics. Accuracy range was between 81% and 109.8%. Moreover, the relative standard deviation was between 1.5% and 17.4%. Warfarin 5 mg subdivided tablets failed the weight variation test regardless of the subdivision technique used. Subdivision by hand produced half tablets that were acceptable for levothyroxine 50 μg and levothyroxine 100 μg. Subdivision by knife produced half tablets that were acceptable only for candesartan tablets. However, the tablet cutter produced half tablets that passed the weight variation test for four out of the five drug products tested in this study. Conclusions: The tablet cutter performed better than the other subdivision techniques used. It produced half tablets that passed the weight uniformity test for four drug products out of the five.

Evaluating the Performance of Carbon in Water Filters Preparation from Porcelanites and Studying the Properties of Water Passing through a Filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-883
Author(s):  
Enas M. Hadi ◽  
Safa L. Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Direct Results ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Natural Additives ◽  
Better Than

Background: In this study, ceramic water filter was prepared from Iraqi Local porcelanite and White Kaolin with the ratio of 10% as a binder with natural additives “wheat flakes.” Ratios 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%. Methods: These materials are formed then fairing at 1200°C. The filters are environmentally familiar materials and harmless. Carbon was included to some prepared filters by thermally being treated at 950°C in the carbonation box to improve the performance and efficiency. After the filter is prepared, an assessment was carried out (apparent porosity, water absorption, permeability, and apparent density). Results: From the direct results, the apparent porosity, water absorption, and permeability were increased tremendously along with the increasing of the W.F., and the apparent density is typically decreased for the adaptive filter with or without carbon. The flowing water promptly passing through the adaptive filters was carefully evaluated by testes such as TSS, TDS, PH, and turbidity. The result was TSS in water, 6 mg/l, TSS in filter without carbon. 1 mg/l, TSS for filter with carbon was decreased to 0 mg/L. Turbidity (NTU) for water 1.9 NTU, Turbidity for filter without carbon was 0.71NUT, and Turbidity for the filters with carbon was decreased to 0.63 NUT. PH for water was 7.75 PH for filter without carbon was 7.68, PH for filter with carbon was decreased to 7.33. Conclusion: Filters with carbon are better than the filter without carbon for removing potential contaminants from the filter without carbon. Desired results were properly obtained within the Iraqi standard for drinking water.

Effect of Colloidal Silicon Dioxide on the Properties of Building Ceramics

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
S.V. Vasyunina ◽  
N.P. Lukuttsova ◽  
V.O. Momot
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Engineering Environment ◽  
Better Than

The paper presents the results of the researches on improving the physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties (average density, strength and thermal conductivity) of ceramic stone with colloidal silicon dioxide, with and without the mineral thinning additive of silica sand. In the course of the study, the most optimal amount of colloidal silicon dioxide for ceramic stone samples is determined. The dependence of strength, average density and thermal conductivity coefficient on the amount of the modifier and thinner is established. The graphic dependences are constructed by the method of extreme modelling on the basis of Scilab engineering environment. It is ascertained that the application of colloidal silicon dioxide can improve the physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties of ceramic stone. The results of the studies on ceramic stone modified with silica sand and colloidal silicon dioxide were better than without the sand supplement. The optimal amount of colloidal silicon dioxide in the composition of ceramic stone without a sand thinning additive is 0.2%, and 0.3% with this supplement.

scholarly journals Volcanic Mud Incorporating Paper Sludge as Raw Materials for Lightweight Aggregates

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Chung-Ho Huang ◽  
Hao-Yu Fang ◽  
Han Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Sintering Mechanisms

This study assessed the use of volcanic mud collected from southern Taiwan and the incorporation of paper sludge for manufacturing lightweight aggregate (LWA). The firing process of the raw materials and related sintering mechanisms, including sintering temperature and time, were investigated. LWA was manufactured at sintering temperatures ranging from 950 to 1275 °C with soaking times from 2 to 15 min, and preheating temperatures ranged between 500 and 700 °C with soaking times from 5 to 15 min. Using volcanic mud and mixed sludge (volcanic mud with added paper sludge) resulted in the successful manufacture of various qualified LWAs with particle density ranging from 973 to 1950 g/cm3, water absorption from 6.2 to 20.0%, and crushing strength from 2.2 to 15.8 MPa.

scholarly journals Study of gypsum composites with fine solid aggregates at elevated temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Doleželová ◽  
Lenka Scheinherrová ◽  
Alena Vimmrová
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The structure and behaviour of two gypsum composites after exposition to elevated temperatures were investigated. The silica sand and fine basalt aggregate were used as solid fillers. The changes in structure and composition at temperatures from 50 to 1,000°C were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction together with the size and strength of the samples and their pore size distribution. The structure of gypsum matrix changed significantly at 1,000°C in both composites, while the aggregate particles were not changed. It was found that even if the silica sand is considered as less suitable filler at high temperatures because of its volume changes, the gypsum with sand performed better than gypsum with basalt at the highest temperatures, because the shrinkage of the gypsum matrix was compensated by the increase in the volume of aggregate. The final volume change at 1,000°C was 3.5% in composite with silica sand and 6.8% in composite with basalt. The residual compressive strength of both composites was about 9.4%. No cracks appeared in the samples and no spalling was observed.

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