Mechanical Properties of AA 5754 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Fabricated through Rheo-Squeeze Casting

2020 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
K. Sekar ◽  
K. Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
The Impact

Hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) were prepared with AA 5754 as matrix and B4C (fixed with 1 wt.% and average particle size as 25 μm) and Al2O3 reinforcements (varied from 0.5 to 2 wt. % with the interval of 0.5 and average particle size as 50 nm) using Rheo-squeeze casting process. Microstructure images were taken to observe the uniform distribution of reinforcement particles on the matrix alloy. The tensile strength for AA 5754 with 1 wt.% B4C and 2 wt.% Al2O3 hybrid composite showed higher value compared to base alloy and other composites. The wt. % of Al2O3 in the composite is increased to 2 %, the tensile strength and compressive strength were also increased due to combined Rheo-squeeze casting. AA 5754 reinforced with 1 wt.% B4C and 1.5 wt.% Al2O3 MMC indicated the Impact strength value of 30 Joules which is higher than AA 5754 matrix alloy and other compositions.

scholarly journals Water-Dispersible Phytosterol Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, and in vitro Digestion

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Li ◽  
Aixia Zhu ◽  
Di Kong ◽  
Chunwei Wang ◽  
Shiping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
The Impact

For improving solubility and bioaccessibility of phytosterols (PS), phytosterol nanoparticles (PNPs) were prepared by emulsification–evaporation combined high-pressure homogenization method. The organic phase was formed with the dissolved PS and soybean lecithin (SL) in anhydrous ethanol, then mixed with soy protein isolate (SPI) solution, and homogenized into nanoparticles, followed by the evaporation of ethanol. The optimum fabrication conditions were determined as PS (1%, w/v): SL of 1:4, SPI content of 0.75% (w/v), and ethanol volume of 16 ml. PNPs were characterized to have average particle size 93.35 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.179, zeta potential −29.3 mV, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) 97.3%. The impact of temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the stability of fabricated PNPs was determined. After 3-h in vitro digestion, the bioaccessibility of PS in nanoparticles reached 70.8%, significantly higher than the 18.2% of raw PS. Upon freeze-drying, the particle size of PNPs increased to 199.1 nm, resulting in a bimodal distribution. The solubility of PS in water could reach up to 2.122 mg/ml, ~155 times higher than that of raw PS. Therefore, this study contributes to the development of functional PS-food ingredients.

Investigation of mechanical properties on Al 6061-B4C composite by squeeze casting process technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
A. Sathishkumar ◽  
Gowtham A ◽  
M. Jeyasuriya ◽  
S. DineshBabu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Squeeze Pressure ◽  
B4c Particles ◽  
Engineering Industries ◽  
Squeeze Casting Process

Aluminum alloy is widely used in automotive, aerospace and other engineering industries because of its excellent mechanical properties. The main objective is to enhance 6061 Al alloy’s mechanical properties by producing 6061-B4C composite through squeeze casting process. Experimentation was carried out with different micron sizes and weight fraction of B4C particles. The mechanical properties of reinforced metal matrix were experimentally investigated in terms of Ultimate Tensile Strength and Hardness. We observe that these two properties are improved by the reinforcement of B4C particles and applied squeeze pressure.

Development of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites of AA6061 – SiCp Using Ultrasonic Cavitations in Squeeze Casting Process

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Bangaru ◽  
Thirumal Azhagan Murugan ◽  
Rajadurai Arunachalam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Metal Matrix Nanocomposites ◽  
Matrix Nanocomposites ◽  
Squeeze Casting Process

In the recent days, aerospace, automotive and defense sectors have been the main driving force behind the search of lighter and stronger materials in order to use in the production of vehicles. The growing demand for the production of light weight structural components and systems is fulfilled by the development of innovative metallic materials such as composites and alloys particularly based on aluminium because of their desirable properties such as low density, good castability, excellent strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Widely employed processes such as gravity and pressure die casting are used for processing aluminium alloys but the components exhibit several casting defects such as porosity, cracks, segregation and hot tears etc. This drives the industries to develop new processes which produce defect free components in shorter time as they have been under competitive pressure. Of the many such processes, squeeze casting has good capacity to produce less defective components. Squeeze casting is the process in which the molten metal solidifies under the application of pressure. The development of Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) through squeeze casting has been one of the major areas of research in recent times. Research works on AMCs reinforced with micrometric particles have shown that the ability to strengthen the matrix alloy by them is lesser than nanometric particles. Metal matrices reinforced with nanoparticles are characterized by significant improvement in strength and wear resistance, improved ductility and improved dimensional stability at elevated temperatures. But, nanosized ceramic particles constitute problems during fabrication as it is extremely difficult to obtain uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in liquid metals owing to their high viscosity, poor wettability in the metal matrix, and a large surface-to-volume ratio. These problems induce agglomeration and clustering of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be dispersed uniformly in the metal matrix by means of employing ultrasonic cavitations. Ultrasonic cavitations include the formation, growth and collapse of micro-bubbles in liquids, under cyclic high intensity ultrasonic waves. The cavitation bubbles collapse and generate a huge amount of energy, which could be used in dispersion of the nanoparticles more uniformly in the melt. In this study, squeeze casting is combined with ultrasonic cavitations to develop Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (MMNCs) of AA6061 – SiCp as a maiden attempt. The impact of varying volume percentage of SiCp nanoparticles (average size of 45 nm – 65 nm) by ultrasonic cavitations on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and hardness exhibited by MMNCs were analyzed. In this research, volume percentage of SiCp nanoparticles was varied at 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% respectively by employing ultrasonic vibrations at the amplitude of 70 μm to the melt of AA6061. The melt of AA6061-SiCp was poured into the pre heated die cavity and squeeze pressure of 105 Mpa was applied over it for a certain period while developing MMNCs. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed the uniform distribution of SiCp nanoparticles in AA6061 matrix. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in SEM confirmed the incorporation of SiCp in AA6061 matrix. The obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of ultrasonic cavitations in squeeze casting process to disperse the nanoparticles of SiCp uniformly in AA6061 matrix. The mechanical properties of MMNCs such as ultimate tensile strength and hardness exhibited an increasing trend with respect to the increase in volume percentage of SiCp nanoparticles. Thus there prevails a great scope to develop MMNCs of aluminium using ultrasonic cavitations in squeeze casting process.

scholarly journals Modeling of Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene with Macro-RAFT Agents to Theoretically Compare Slow Fragmentation, Ideal Exchange and Cross-Termination Cases

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Devlaminck ◽  
Paul Van Steenberge ◽  
Marie-Françoise Reyniers ◽  
Dagmar D’hooge
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Miniemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Explicit Calculation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Intermediate Radical ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
The Impact

A 5-dimensional Smith-Ewart based model is developed to understand differences for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization with theoretical agents mimicking cases of slow fragmentation, cross-termination, and ideal exchange while accounting for chain length and monomer conversion dependencies due to diffusional limitations. The focus is on styrene as a monomer, a water soluble initiator, and a macro-RAFT agent to avoid exit/entry of the RAFT leaving group radical. It is shown that with a too low RAFT fragmentation rate coefficient it is generally not afforded to consider zero-one kinetics (for the related intermediate radical type) and that with significant RAFT cross-termination the dead polymer product is dominantly originating from the RAFT intermediate radical. To allow the identification of the nature of the RAFT retardation it is recommended to experimentally investigate in the future the impact of the average particle size (dp) on both the monomer conversion profile and the average polymer properties for a sufficiently broad dp range, ideally including the bulk limit. With decreasing particle size both a slow RAFT fragmentation and a fast RAFT cross-termination result in a stronger segregation and thus rate acceleration. The particle size dependency is different, allowing further differentiation based on the variation of the dispersity and end-group functionality. Significant RAFT cross-termination is specifically associated with a strong dispersity increase at higher average particle sizes. Only with an ideal exchange it is afforded in the modeling to avoid the explicit calculation of the RAFT intermediate concentration evolution.

Mechanical retention – Influence of filler floc size and grammage of the fibre web

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Athley ◽  
Lars Granlöf ◽  
Daniel Söderberg ◽  
Mikael Ankerfors ◽  
Göran Ström
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Quartz Particle ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Filler Retention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract An investigation of the impact of particle size on the mechanical retention of particles in a fibre network has been conducted. The particles used were five sets of quartz particle fractions having fairly narrow particle size distributions with average particle size ranging from a few μm to around 100 μm. The particles were used to model flocculated filler aggregates as part of a larger study of the effect of pre-flocculation on mechanical retention. Pre-flocculation of the filler is a possible strategy to increase the filler content of paper without deterioration of strength properties. A modified laboratory hand sheet former, known as the Rapid Drainage Device (RDD) was used. The major modification consisted of a long pipe that acted as a suction leg, which provides a dewatering vacuum at the same level as on a paper machine. The experimental results showed that mechanical filler retention increased linearly with particle size and grammage of the fibre layer above a critical grammage which depended on particle size. The linear relation was also seen in a pilot scale trial on the FEX pilot-paper machine at Innventia. During this trial fine paper was produced using pre-flocculated filler where the mean particle size of the flocs and fibres was measured in the flow to the headbox. The results from this pilot trial show that mechanical retention is an important part of the total filler retention. Drainage time and therefore drainage resistance increased with the grammage of the fibre layer and amount of quartz particle added. Drainage time, compared at total grammage (i.e. the sum of fibre and quartz particle grammage) was lowest for a fraction of medium-sized particles, with a median size of 35 mm. There was no obvious effect on retention or drainage resistance of a change in the dewatering pressure from 27.5 to 41.5 kPa.

Study on the Microstructure and Properties of ZL205A Alloy under Partial Remelting Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 1183-1186
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Lan Rong Cai ◽  
Peng Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Partial Remelting ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Zl205a Alloy

In this paper, effects of partial remelting treatment on microstructure and properties of ZL205A alloy were studied in detail. The results show that the grain size of ZL205A alloy decreases at different degree. The grain size increases first and then decreases with increasing of returns content. The average grain size of the primary ZL205A alloy was measured to be about 60 μm, and the good result can be got of the ZL205A alloys with the average particle size of α (Al) phase being about 33 μm after adding 20wt.% returns. The ZL205A alloy with 20 wt.% returns has a considerably high tensile strength and yield strength of 525MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, which is much higher than 501 MPa and 421 MPa of primary ZL205A alloy, meanwhile the elongation level is up to14%.

scholarly journals Network high-performance grinding devices for ferromagnetic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Yuriy Vernigorov ◽  
Valeriy Lebedev ◽  
Natalya Frolova ◽  
Kirill Leletko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Ferromagnetic Materials ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Design Features ◽  
The Impact

The design features of the grinding devices that implement the impact destruction of the ferromagnetic materials particles in a magneto vibrating layer formed in a non-uniform magnetic field are considered. It is shown that when a magnetizable powder is affected by an alternating magnetic field with certain parameters, a magneto vibrating layer is formed, under the conditions of which, a random perturbing factor occurs. It is caused by the dipole particles clusters interactions and provides highefficient finish powder grinding. Methods for producing metal powders, which are distinguished according to the operating principle and to the requirements for the technological properties of the powders obtained, are analyzed. For coarse grinding, jaw, roller and cone crushers and mullers are used; at this, particles of 1-10 mm in size, which are the source material for fine grinding, are obtained. The finish grinding of the material obtained is carried out on the ball rotating, vibrating or planar centrifugal, vortex and hammer mills. The main drawback of these techniques of metal powder grinding is sticking of grinding body residue on the powder particles, which reduces the quality and operational properties of the powder. A relation to calculate the dependence of the fineness number of ferromagnetic materials on the induction gradient of an external variable magnetic field is proposed. The design features of an electromagnetic mill based on a screw drum that, due to the spatial orientation of its walls, ensures an effective movement of powder flows inside it, such as mixing, rotation, oncoming movement, translational motion and simultaneous advancement through the drum are presented. The concept and technological options of grinding powders in an electromagnetic mobile hammer mill are revealed, which enables to obtain a powder of a given particle size distribution with high uniformity. It is established that mills in which a magneto vibrating layer is implemented are more effective than mechanical ones: grinding of ferromagnetic powders in a magneto vibrating layer increases drastically the performance of the grinding process. Changing the parameters of the electromagnetic field, you can set an average particle size and the degree of homogeneity of the powder.

scholarly journals β-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane Particles Prepared by Spray Drying and its Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Wenzheng XU ◽  
Hao LI ◽  
Xin LIANG ◽  
Jie WANG ◽  
Jinyu PENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the ultrafine β-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (β – CL – 20) particles were prepared by spray drying method. The CL – 20 samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Furthermore, the safety properties of samples under impact and thermal stimulus were tested and analyzed. The results of SEM showed that the average particle size of ultrafine CL – 20 particles with a narrow particle size distribution, were about 320 nm, and the shape was elliptical. The XRD patterns indicated that the polymorphic phase of ultrafine particles was mainly β-type. Compared with that of raw CL – 20, the impact sensitivity of the ultrafine CL – 20 had been decreased significantly, for the drop height (H50) was increased from 13.0 to 33.5 cm. The critical explosion temperature of the ultrafine CL – 20 decreased from 232.16 ℃ to 227.93 ℃, indicating that the thermal stability of the ultrafine CL – 20 is lower than that of raw CL – 20.

scholarly journals Effect of Dispersoids and Intermetallics on Hardening the Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
J. Hernandez-Sandoval ◽  
M. H. Abdelaziz ◽  
A. M. Samuel ◽  
H. W. Doty ◽  
F. H. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Cast Aluminum ◽  
Poisoning Effect ◽  
Cast Alloys

The principal aim of the present research work was to compare the role of dispersoids Al2O3 (∼15 μm average particle size) and SiC (∼15 μm average particle size) with that offered by Zr- and Ni-based intermetallics (∼35–70 μm average particle size) on the hardening of cast aluminum 354 alloy (9.1% Si, 0.12% Fe, 1.8% Cu, 0.008% Mn, 0.6% Mg, and 87.6% Al) at ambient temperature. There is no observable poisoning effect on the refinement of grain size after the addition of Zr to the alloys investigated in this study. The tensile test results were examined in light of the microstructural features of the corresponding alloy samples. The contribution of the added dispersoids or Ni and Zr alloying elements on the tensile properties of the 354 alloys was determined employing ∆P plots (where P = Property, UTS, YS, or %El), using the base alloy (in the as-cast condition) as a reference point. The tensile results were supported by investigating the precipitation-hardening phases using scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as examining the fracture surfaces of selected conditions applying field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, in all cases, Al2Cu phase is the main hardening agent. The contribution of about 1.5 vol% of SiC or Al2O3 to the strength of the base alloy is higher than that offered by Zr- and Ni-based intermetallics, under the same aging treatment.

scholarly journals High-Yield Production of Nano-Lateral Size Graphene Oxide by High-Power Ultrasonication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licínia Timochenco ◽  
Raquel Costa-Almeida ◽  
Diana Bogas ◽  
Filipa A.L.S. Silva ◽  
Joana Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Lateral Size ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
The Impact

Nanographene oxide (GOn) constitutes a nanomaterial of high value in the biomedical field. However, large scale production of highly stable aqueous dispersions of GOn is yet to be achieved. In this work, we explored high-power ultrasonication as a method to reduce particle size of GO and characterized the impact of the process in the physico-chemical properties of the material. GOn was obtained with lateral dimensions of 99 ±43 nm and surface charge of −39.9 ± 2.2 mV. High-power ultrasonication enabled an improvement of stability features, particularly by resulting in a decrease of the average particle size, as well as zeta potential, in comparison to GO obtained by low-power exfoliation and centrifugation (287 ± 139 nm; −29.7 ± 1.2 mV). Re-markably, GOn aqueous dispersions were stable for up to 6 months of shelf-time, with a global process yield of 74%. This novel method enabled the production of large volumes of highly con-centrated (7.5 mg mL-1) GOn aqueous dispersions. Chemical characterization of GOn allowed the identification of characteristic oxygen functional groups, supporting high-power ultrasonication as a fast, efficient and productive process for reducing GO lateral size, while maintaining the material’s chemical features.

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