Study on Modified Hummers Method for Partially Oxidized Graphene Oxide Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Wan Sin Lim ◽  
Kwok Feng Chong
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Modified Hummers Method ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Weak Peak

Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material that currently a common precursor in the synthesis of graphene material. GO has emerged as a rapidly developed material due to its remarkable application in electronics, energy storage, biomedical and chemistry. However, controlling the oxygen content in the GO is one of the significant factors for tailoring GO that able to fulfil various applications. In this paper, diluted sulfuric acid was employed during the oxidation. Based on the characterization results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) it found that the partially oxidized graphene oxide (PGO) was fabricated. The PGO synthesis show an insignificant absorption of C=O peak in FTIR and weak peak intensity at 300 nm for UV-Vis analysis that found in fully oxidized graphene oxide. Therefore, the PGO synthesis claimed to be partially oxidized.

Study on integration of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films with graphene oxide (GO)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 1840044
Author(s):  
Aditya Dalal ◽  
Animesh Mandal ◽  
Shubhada Adhi ◽  
Kiran Adhi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide ◽  
Uv Visible

Aluminum (0.5 at.%)-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) in oxygen ambient of 10[Formula: see text] Torr. The deposited thin films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectroscopy and uv–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). Next, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by Hummers method and was characterized by XRD, UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thereafter, GO solution was drop-casted on AZO thin films. These films were then characterized by Raman Spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and PL. Attempt is being made to comprehend the modifications in properties brought about by integration.

EFFECT OF GRAPHITE PRECURSOR ON OXIDATION DEGREE, HYDROPHILICITY AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE

NANO ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450037 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUEBING HU ◽  
YUN YU ◽  
JIANER ZHOU ◽  
LIXIN SONG
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Disorder ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxidation Degree ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted much attention as a derivative of graphene. In addition, it appears to have many unique physicochemical properties and has been investigated widely in many areas. Herein, we prepare GOs using flake graphite (FG), expandable graphite (EG) and microcrystalline graphite (MG) as graphite precursors by the modified Hummers method. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy, we characterize the component, the functional group, the chemical state of the element and the structural disorder of the obtained GOs to reveal their oxidation degree. Besides, we evaluate the hydrophilicity of the obtained GOs with the water contact angle, and observe their microstructures by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We find that the GO prepared with EG has a higher-degree oxidation and better hydrophilicity, and it will be exfoliated easily and forms a monolayer or quasi-monolayer structure. Finally, based on the structural characteristic of graphite precursor, we build the intercalation and oxidation model to illuminate the phenomenon.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silaned-Graphene Oxide-Mordenite Grafting

2016 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noppawan Pattanapisutkun ◽  
Chaiwat Prapainainar ◽  
Paisan Kongkachuichay ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hummers Method ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

The grafted materials of silaned-graphene oxide-mordenite (s-GO-MOR) were synthesized by grafting graphene oxide (GO) sheets to acid-treated mordenite and followed by functionalization with silane. GO sheets were prepared according to the modified Hummers method. 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) was used as a silane coupling agent. The products were characterized by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results confirmed the success of s-GO-MOR and showed excellent thermal stability.

scholarly journals Attached β-cyclodextrin/γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane to graphene oxide and its application in copper removal

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2403-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongxue Yu ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Liang Lv ◽  
Yang Pan ◽  
Guangyong Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cavity Structure ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

The environmental applications of graphene oxide and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) have attracted great attention since their first discovery. Novel nanocomposites were successfully prepared by using an esterification reaction between β-cyclodextrin/γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane grafted graphene oxide (β-CD/GPTMS/GO). The β-CD/GPTMS/GO nanocomposites were used to remove the Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of β-CD/GPTMS/GO were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The dispersibility of graphene oxide was excellent due to the addition of β-CD. The adsorption isotherms data obtained at the optimum pH 7 were fitted by Langmuir isotherm model. The excellent adsorption properties of β-CD/GPTMS/GO for Cu2+ ions could be attributed to the apolar cavity structure of β-CD, the high surface area and abundant functional groups on the surface of GO. The adsorption patterns of β-CD/GPTMS/GO were electrostatic attraction, formation of host-guest inclusion complexes and the ion exchange adsorption. The efficient adsorption of β-CD/GPTMS/GO for Cu2+ ions suggested that these novel nanocomposites may be ideal candidates for removing other cation pollutants from waste water.

Graphene Oxide as a Substrate for Biosensors: Synthesis and Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Mohamed Adel ◽  
Abdel Hady A. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Mawgood ◽  
Ahmed Osman Egiza
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hummers Method ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized nanosheets of graphite with a 2D planar structure. GO could be readily complexed with bio-entities as it possesses many oxygen-containing functionalities on its surface. The preparation process is fast, easy, and cost-effective. It was prepared using modified Hummers’ method in acidic solution as a primary solvent and potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. Afterwards, it was successfully characterized by FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, as well as XRD and Raman spectroscopy, and finally, SEM analysis. It was observed that the formed GO is mainly composed of carbon and oxygen elements rich in oxygen functional groups. Furthermore, the existence of (001) plane in XRD interprets the complete oxidation of graphite with d-spacing 9 Å. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy displayed the sp3 carbon hybridization, besides, the ID/IG ratio is found to be 0.84, which confirms the disorder between graphene oxide layers. The SEM images also pointed out that graphene oxide sheets were regularly stacked together as flake-like structures. Accordingly, the richness of oxygen-containing functionalities was confirmed. Hence, it is appropriate to be used as a base transducer for biosensing applications.

A high-energy triple-axis X-ray diffractometer for the study of the structure of bulk crystals

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Seitz ◽  
M. Weisser ◽  
M. Gomm ◽  
R. Hock ◽  
A. Magerl
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Massive Sample ◽  
Laue Geometry ◽  
The Ideal

A triple-axis diffractometer for high-energy X-ray diffraction is described. A 450 kV/4.5 kW stationary tungsten X-ray tube serves as the X-ray source. Normally, 220 reflections of thermally annealed Czochralski Si are employed for the monochromator and analyser. Their integrated reflectivity is about ten times higher than the ideal crystal value. With the same material as the sample, and working with the WKα line at 60 keV in symmetric Laue geometry for all axes, the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values for the longitudinal and transversal resolution are 2.5 × 10−3and 1.1 × 10−4for ΔQ/Q, respectively, and the peak intensity for a non-dispersive setting is 3000 counts s−1. In particular, for a double-axis mode, an energy well above 100 keV from theBremsstrahlungspectrum can be used readily. High-energy X-rays are distinguished by a high penetration power and materials of several centimetre thickness can be analysed. The feasibility of performing experiments with massive sample environments is demonstrated.

Controlled Synthesis of Different Morphologies of SrWO4 Crystals via a Surfactant-Assisted Hydrothermal Precipitation Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Chun Yan Wu ◽  
Dan Qin ◽  
Xin Lai ◽  
Si Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Luminescent Spectra ◽  
Hydrothermal Precipitation ◽  
Surfactant Assisted

SrWO4 octahedrons, flowers, bundles, ellipsoids and dendrites had been successfully synthesized via surfactant-assisted method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photo-luminescent spectra techniques (PL) and fourier transrform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). By through various comparison experiments, it can be found that some related experimental parameters including the reagent concentration, [Sr2+]/[WO42-] molar ratio (R), aging temperature and the pH value had great influences on morphology of the products.

Characterization of X-ray irradiated graphene oxide coatings using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Blanton ◽  
Debasis Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbon Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After

In an effort to study an alternative approach to make graphene from graphene oxide (GO), exposure of GO to high-energy X-ray radiation has been performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to characterize GO before and after irradiation. Results indicate that GO exposed to high-energy radiation is converted to an amorphous carbon phase that is conductive.

scholarly journals Bio Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Lagenaria siceraria Leaf Extract and their Antibacterial Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anandh ◽  
A. Muthuvel ◽  
M. Emayavaramban
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible

The present investigation demonstrates the formation of silver nanoparticles by the reduction of the aqueous silver metal ions during exposure to the Lagenaria siceraria leaf extract. The synthesized AgNPs have characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. AgNPs formation has screened by UV-visible spectroscopy through colour conversion due to surface plasma resonance band at 427 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the resulting AgNPs are highly crystalline and the structure is face centered cubic (fcc). FT-IR spectrum indicates the presence of different functional groups present in the biomolecules capping the nanoparticles. Further, inhibitory activity of AgNPs and leaf extract were tested against human pathogens like gram-pastive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results indicated that the AgNPs showed moderate inhibitory actions against human pathogens than Lagenaria siceraria leaf extract, demonstrating its antimicrobial value against pathogenic diseases

Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Rod-Shaped TiO2 Based on Salix Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Ya Bin Li ◽  
Jin Tian Huang ◽  
Yan Fei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanocomposite Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the paper, the TiO2nanomaterials adopted the microcrystalline cellulose as the template by the template method and sol-gel method was prepared. Through the infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface morphology, composition and the type of the samples were characterized respectively. The influence of the macro morphology of TiO2photocatalytic performance to use the reaction of decolorization and degradation of methyl orange as model was analyzed. The results showed that TiO2which was produced by the template of sallix fiber was Rod-shaped and the average diameter size of nanocomposite structure was 20.592 nm, which can provide a new method of producing other morphology of TiO2.

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