scholarly journals Studies on the Non-Tillage System of Rice Production. (II). On the growth of rice plant and production costs.

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hideo HIGUCHI ◽  
Takaharu IZUMI ◽  
Osamu KINOSHITA ◽  
Toshinori DOI
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Tillage System

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Tanah Sawah di Kecamatan Medan Satria dan Bekasi Utara, Kota Bekasi, Jawa Barat

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Pambudi ◽  
Nita Noriko ◽  
Endah Permata Sari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
Growth Promoting

<p><em>Abstrak -</em><strong> </strong><strong>Produksi padi di Indonesia setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, namun peningkatan ini belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan nasional sehingga impor masih harus dilakukan. Salah satu masalah dalam produksi beras adalah penggunaan pupuk berlebih yang tidak hanya meningkatkan biaya produksi, namun juga merusak kondisi tanah. Aplikasi bakteri tanah sebagai Plant <em>Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria</em> (PGPR) dapat menjadi salah satu solusi terhadap masalah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri tanah dari 3 lokasi sawah daerah Bekasi, membandingkan keberadaan total bakteri pada ketiga lokasi tersebut,  dan melakukan karakterisasi isolat berdasarkan karakter yang dapat memicu pertumbuhan tanaman. Dari ketiga lokasi, diperoleh total 59 isolat dan 5 diantaranya berpotensi sebagai PGPR karena kemampuan fiksasi Nitrogen, melarutkan Fosfat, katalase positif, dan motil. Dari ketiga lokasi pengambilan sampel, BK1 memiliki jumlah total bakteri terendah karena aplikasi pemupukan dan pestisida berlebih yang ditandai tingginya kadar P total, serta tingginya residu klorpirifos, karbofuran, dan paration. Kondisi fisik tanah BK1 juga didominasi partikel liat yang menyebabkan tanah menjadi lebih padat. Peningkatan jumlah penggunaan pupuk tidak selalu diikuti peningkatan produktivitas tanaman.</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong>- <em>Bakteri tanah, Rhizosfer sawah, PGPR, Pupuk Hayati</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Abstract</em><strong> - </strong><strong>Rice production in Indonesia has increased annually, but this increase has not reached national demand,so imports still done. </strong><strong>One of the problems in rice production is the use of excessive fertilizers that not only increase production costs, but also decreased the soil conditions. The application of soil bacteria as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be the one solution to face this problem. The objective of this study was isolate soil bacteria from 3 locations of rice field in Bekasi, compare the total bacteria in the three locations, and characterize isolates based on the character that can promote plant growth. From three locations, a total of 59 isolates were obtained and 5 of them were potential as a PGPRs due to its Nitrogen fixation activity, Phosphate solubilization, positive catalase, and motility. From three sampling sites, BK1 has the lowest TPC value because of excessive  fertilizers and pesticides application which indicated by high total P levels, and also high chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and paration residues. The physical condition of BK1 soil is also dominated by clay particles which causes the soil more solid. Increasing of fertilizer application is not always followed by increased plant productivity.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> - <em>Biofertilizer, PGPR, Rice field rhizosphere, Soil Bacteria</em></p>

scholarly journals Elucidating the effect of super oxide dismutase and photosynthetic rate of rice crop variety Pant Dhan 4

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Neelam Pankaj ◽  
◽  
Kiran Bharti ◽  
Gurdeep Bains ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Super Oxide Dismutase ◽  
Crop Variety

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2010 and 2011 to study the effect of different nutrients treatments on the productivity of rice. Application of NPK with FYM and Zn proved to be superior in recording the highest Photosynthetic rate and Super Oxide Dismutase. Although fertilizers are important for enhancing rice production but excess use of fertilizer cause deterioration of soil quality which ultimately affect crop productivity so it is required to investigate the physiological aspects of rice plant under integrated nutrients. When imbalanced fertilizers doses are given to the rice-wheat cropping system, they showed a considerable decline in crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) AS A SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Upboff
Keyword(s):  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Agricultural Innovation ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Agricultural Innovations

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI). developed in Madagascar some 25 years ago. is gaining increasing credence and momentum as probably 500.000 farmers in more than 20 countries are now using its methods to raise their rice. production -- while also reducing their use of external inputs and production costs. Rather than focus on the innovation itself, this paper will introduce SRI only briefly, focusing instead on the transnational system for innovation that has emerged in response to this agronomic opportunity that can be particularly beneficial for resource-limited households. Within SRI's conceptual and practical framework. farmers have devised many innovations. These are the focus of a parallel paper written for this workshop. That paper considers how farmers have made the original SRI methodology less labor-intensive (even labor-saving). and how they have extended methods devised for irrigated rice production both to unirrigated (rainfed) areas for growing rice and to other crops beyond rice. This paper is concerned with what can be considered as a de facto 'system of innovation' that surrounds and has accelerated the spread of SRI worldwide. SRI has differed from most other agricultural innovations in the extent to which farmers have voluntarily invested their own time and resources in taking SRI to peers as an impressive example of farmer-to-farmer extension. Also. innovative alliances have formed among diverse persons and organizations to disseminate and adjust the methodology. thereby supporting the spread of this innovation even despite resistance from some established institutions.

scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of Inorganic Rice Production in Rakit Kulim Subdistrict Indragiri Hulu Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Fris Safal ◽  
Syaiful Hadi ◽  
Jumatri Yusri
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Almost All

Rice is an important commodity because  it is a staple food source for almost all Indonesian people. One way to increase rice production is by using available resources more efficiently. The use of production factors such as land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and labor will affect the total production of rice produced. This study aims to determine the technicality of inorganic rice cultivation, calculate production costs and analyze the efficiency of inorganic rice farming production in the District of Rakit Kulim. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, farming cost analysis and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) analysis. The number of samples is 40 inorganic rice farmers. The results showed that the inorganic rice cultivation technique in the District of Rakit Kulim was not in accordance with the recommendations. Incompatibility is caused by the unavailability of technical books for inorganic rice cultivation from the localita specific crop study center. The total cost of producing inorganic rice farming in the District of Rakit Kulim is Rp. 23,622,481, - / Ha. While the average income is Rp. 24,230,168, - / Ha with a net income of 607,687, - / Ha with an RCR value of 1.07. The results of the analysis of production efficiency using DEA show that the proportion of technically efficient farmers is 50% with an average value of 0.946. The proportion of efficient farmers is allocatively relatively small at 32.5% with an average value of 0.975. Economic efficiency is relatively small at 32.5% with an average value of 0.927.

scholarly journals Potensi Abu Daun Bambu dan Kompos Jerami untuk Mengendalikan Wereng Coklat

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ade Brian Nugraha ◽  
Retno Wijayanti ◽  
Subagiya Subagiya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bamboo Leaf Ash ◽  
Range Test

This study aims to determine the effect of the bamboo ash and straw compost on brown planthopper and rice production. This research was conducted in Bakaran, Sukosari Village, Jumantono, Karanganyar in 12ndDecemberMarch 2017. The study was conducted using Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) in paddy fields consisting of 16 plots, each was 16 m2 with Bamboo Leaftreatment, Straw Compost, and Chemical Silica with SiO2of 200 kg-1ha dosage. The variables observed were: Population of brown planthopper, stem hardness, plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, weight of 100 seeds, weight of filled seed, hollow seed weight and percentage of hollow seeds. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant difference, it followed by Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that bamboo leaf ash and straw compost not significan increase the hardness of the rice plant stems and brown planthopper population. Straw compost has the highest potential compared to other treatments because it produces the hardest stem rice and the lowest brown planthoppers population at 11 Weeks. The application of silica from various sources has no direct role in rice production.

Comparison of Weed Management Programs for Furrow-Irrigated and Flooded Hybrid Rice Production in Arkansas

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Whether season-long weed control can be achieved in a furrow-irrigated rice system with similar herbicide inputs to that of a flooded system is not known. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Pine Tree, AR to evaluate different herbicide programs on the weed control efficacy and rice grain yield in furrow-irrigated and flooded rice production systems. Six herbicide programs were evaluated with and without additional late-season “as-needed” herbicide treatments. Minor injury to rice was noted for quinclorac plus propanil. However, the injury was transient and the plants fully recovered. Overall weed control was greater in the flooded system compared with the furrow-irrigated system (up to 20% greater), because flooding effectively prevented the emergence of most terrestrial weeds. In addition, rice grain yields were 13 to 14% greater in flooded compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Irrespective of the irrigation system, herbicide programs that contained a PRE-applied herbicide provided greater weed control and resulted in greater yield compared with those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicide, indicative of the importance of early-season weed control in achieving higher grain yields. On the basis of weed control, yield, and weed treatment cost, the herbicide program with clomazone PRE followed by propanil at four- to five-leaf rice was more efficient than other programs evaluated in both irrigation systems. However, furrow-irrigated plots required as-needed herbicide applications, which were applied after the four- to five-leaf rice stage when two or more plots within a program exhibited ≤ 80% control for any of the weed species. This suggests that furrow-irrigated rice production demands additional weed management efforts and thereby increases production costs. There is also a possibility for substantial yield reduction in the furrow-irrigated system compared with the flooded system. Nevertheless, furrow-irrigated rice production can still be a viable option under water-limiting situations and under certain topographic conditions.

scholarly journals Onion production costs as a function of water content and soil tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
Jardênia R. Feitosa ◽  
Haroldo C. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo R. Cecon ◽  
Mauri M. Teixeira ◽  
Anderson G. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Onion production is an agricultural activity whose yield is associated with environmental, market and cultural management factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost of onion production as a function of the tillage system adopted and the soil water content at the moment of the operations. Three tillage systems were evaluated: P1 - one plowing + two harrowings + two seedbed raising operations; P2 - two harrowings + one seedbed raising operation; P3 - one harrowing + one seedbed raising operation; and four soil water contents: 12, 15, 23 and 26%, in experiment conducted at the Tourão irrigated perimeter, Juazeiro, BA, Brazil (9° 24’ 07.3” S; 40° 26’ 08.7” W, and altitude of 376 m), in 2017, in split plots, in a randomized block design, with four repetitions. The costs related to mechanized operations, manual operations, inputs and crop irrigation were determined. The economic efficiency was evaluated through the variables total cost and unit cost of onion production, gross revenue, net revenue and internal rate of return. The use of the tillage system with one harrowing, one seedbed raising operation and seeding, under the condition of 23% soil water content, resulted in higher economic efficiency.

scholarly journals The Use of Jayanti (Sesbania Sesban) Molluscicide in Overcoming Golden Snail, Pest Of Rice Plant in The Village of Bunut Baok, Central Lombok

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suripto Suripto ◽  
Erin Ryantin Gunawan ◽  
Evy Aryanti
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
The Village

As a result of the attack golden snails, rice production declined to 30 % in some places in the province of West Nusa Tenggara. Application of science and technology activities for the community ( IbM ) to address the problem of golden snail pest have been conducted in The Village of Bunut Baok, Central Lombok. IbM program conducted by subject matter covers characteristics of jayanti plant (Sesbania sesban ) and its cultivation method, characteristics of golden snail species that is pests of the rice plant, how to prepare and manufacture of jayanti molluscicide, and its application to control rice pest snails. The methods used include lecture, discussion, demonstration and practice. IbM activity followed by 12 members of Farmers Group Mohon Petunjuk Bunut Baok Village. The results of the practice is that the use of 1 ppm solution jayanti leaf can be lethal 48% to 84% of golden snail population. Other results achieved are covering the growing appreciation of farmers to plant jayanti, increasing farmers' knowledge and skills in identifying plants jayanti, skilled to make jayanti molluscicide, and its use to control rice pest golden snails.

scholarly journals An examination of soil and water conservation practices in the paddy fields of Guilan province, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 959-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARYOUSH ASHOORI ◽  
ASGHAR BAGHERI ◽  
MOHAMMAD S. ALLAHYARI ◽  
AHMAD S. AL-RIMAWI
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Paddy Farmers ◽  
Guilan Province ◽  
Soil And Water

ABSTRACT This study examined the use of soil and water conservation (SWC) practices among rice farmers in Iran. A random sample of 400 rice paddy farmers in the Foumanat plain of Guilan province, who use SWC measures, was drawn from a population of 52 thousand farmers. A two-part questionnaire was used to examine the level of utilization of SWC practices and to profile paddy farmers. Internal consistency was demonstrated with a coefficient alpha of 0.76, and the content and face validity of the instrument was confirmed by a panel of soil and water experts. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. Results of ANOVA indicated that the mean levels of SWC practices vary considerably at the 0.01 level of significance by groups of age, education, non-agricultural income, production costs, yield, cultivated paddies and distance from home to the farm or to the main road. Similarly, significant differences were observed by groups of family size, rice production, ownership of livestock and profits from rice production at 0.05 level. The levels of experience in agriculture and ownership of poultry were found to have no significant effects on SWC practices.

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