scholarly journals The Involvement of Glutamate Metabolism in the Resistance to Thermal, Nutritional, and Oxidative Stress in Trypanosoma cruzi

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahí Magdaleno ◽  
Brian Suárez Mantilla ◽  
Sandra C. Rocha ◽  
Elizabeth M. F. Pral ◽  
Ariel M. Silber
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Methionine Sulfoximine ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Methionine Sulfone ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The inhibition of some glutamate metabolic pathways could lead to diminished parasite survival. In this study, the effects of L-methionine sulfoximine (MS), DL-methionine sulfone (MSO), and DL-methionine sulfoxide (MSE), three glutamate analogs, on several biological processes were evaluated. We found that these analogs inhibited the growth of epimastigotes cells and showed a synergistic effect with stress conditions such as temperature, nutritional starvation, and oxidative stress. The specific activity for the reductive amination of α-ketoglutaric acid, catalyzed by the NADP+-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, showed an increase in the NADP+ levels, when MS, MSE, and MSO were added. It suggests an eventual conversion of the compounds tested by the T. cruzi cells. The fact that trypomastigote bursting was not significantly inhibited when infected cells were treated with these compounds, remarks the existence of relevant metabolic differences among the different life-cycle stages. It must be considered when proposing a new therapeutic drug.

scholarly journals Melatonin protects the mouse testis against heat-induced damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Yinghua Lv ◽  
Fuyuan Li ◽  
Lihong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Spermatogenesis, an intricate process occurring in the testis, is responsible for ongoing production of spermatozoa and thus the cornerstone of lifelong male fertility. In the testis, spermatogenesis occurs optimally at a temperature 2–4°C lower than that of the core body. Increased scrotal temperature generates testicular heat stress and later causes testicular atrophy and spermatogenic arrest, resulting in a lower sperm yield and therefore impaired male fertility. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a small neuro-hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and the testis, is widely known as a potent free-radical scavenger; it has been reported that melatonin protects the testis against inflammation and reactive oxygen species generation thereby playing anti-inflammatory, -oxidative and -apoptotic roles in the testis. Nevertheless, the role of melatonin in the testicular response to heat stress has not been studied. Here, by employing a mouse model of testicular hyperthermia, we systematically investigated the testicular response to heat stress as well as the occurrence of autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testis. Importantly, we found that pre-treatment with melatonin attenuated heat-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testis. Also, post-treatment with melatonin promoted recovery of the testes from heat-induced damage, probably by maintaining the integrity of the Sertoli cell tight-junction. Thus, we for the first time provide the proof of concept that melatonin can protect the testis against heat-induced damage, supporting the potential future use of melatonin as a therapeutic drug in men for sub/infertility incurred by various testicular hyperthermia factors.

scholarly journals Protective effect of anisodamine hydrobromide on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wan ◽  
Xiaoqiang Du ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Xueling He ◽  
Ye Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Anisodamine hydrobromide (AniHBr) is a Chinese medicine used to treat septic shock. However, whether AniHBr could ameliorate septic acute kidney injury and the underlying mechanism were not investigated. In the present study, 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided into control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS+AniHBr groups. Rats were intravenously administrated with LPS or normal saline (for control). After 4 h, the rats were intravenously administrated with AniHBr (LPS+AniHBr) or normal saline at 4 h intervals. Hemodynamic parameters including blood pressure and heart rate were measured. The histopathologic evaluation of kidney tissues was performed. Lactate, creatine kinase, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators were determined. Using Seahorse analysis, the metabolic analysis of mitochondrial stress and glycolytic stress in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells treated with TNF-α in the presence of AniHBr was performed. AniHBr administration significantly reduced serum creatine kinase and lactate following LPS treatment. AniHBr significantly improved hemodynamics in sepsis rats including increase in the mean atrial pressure and reduction in the heart rate. AniHBr significantly attenuated LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in serum, and LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β in renal tissues. The LPS-reduced SOD activity and LPS-increased MDA content were reversed by AniHBr. In vitro, TNF-α increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption and glycolysis, but inhibited the ATP generation, which was reversed by AniHBr. Thus, AniHBr protects against the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and thus attenuates the LPS-induced acute kidney injury, showing AniHBr is a promising therapeutic drug for septic kidney injury.

Preliminary Data Regarding Decreased Catalase Specific Activity in the Tears as a Result of Environmental Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisia Iuliana Alexa ◽  
Alina Cantemir ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Ioannis Gardikiotis ◽  
Iulia Antioch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress represents the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the organism�s capacity to produce antioxidants. This phenomenon has captured lately a lot of attention, with an additional increased interest being manifested towards the relationship between psychological stress and oxidative stress. In the present study we decided to observe the changes which occur in stress environmental conditions applied to rats subjected to swimming and treadmill exercises, by focusing on a preliminary determination of (CAT) specific activity, an enzyme known to catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, and a valuable antioxidant protector, with possible implications into the dry eye pathology. Our results could suggest a possible dry eye animal model induced through stress and a possible implication of the oxidative stress markers in the occurrence of this ocular pathology, as suggested by the significant decrease in the CAT activity registered in rat tears collected after the application of environmental stressors (e.g. swimming and running) versus the control group.

scholarly journals Myrcene Attenuates Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Adrenalectomized Rat Model

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4492
Author(s):  
Azim Ullah Shamsul Islam ◽  
Björn Hellman ◽  
Fred Nyberg ◽  
Naheed Amir ◽  
Richard L. Jayaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Renal Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Physiological Glucocorticoids are important regulators of the immune system. Pharmacological GCs are in widespread use to treat inflammatory diseases. Adrenalectomy (ADX) has been shown to exacerbate renal injury through inflammation and oxidative stress that results in renal impairment due to depletion of GCs. In this study, the effect of myrcene to attenuate renal inflammation and oxidative stress was evaluated in the adrenalectomized rat model. Rats were adrenalectomized bilaterally or the adrenals were not removed after surgery (sham). Myrcene (50 mg/kg body weight, orally) was administered post ADX. Myrcene treatment resulted in significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) compared to untreated ADX rats. In addition, myrcene resulted in significant downregulation of immunomodulatory factors (IFNγ and NF-κB) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-4 and IL-10) in treated ADX compared to untreated ADX. Myrcene significantly increased the antioxidant molecules (CAT, GSH, and SOD) and decreased MDA levels in treated ADX compared to untreated. Moreover, myrcene treatment reduced the expression of COX-2, iNOS, KIM-1, and kidney functional molecules (UREA, LDH, total protein, and creatinine) in ADX treated compared to ADX untreated. These results suggest that myrcene could be further developed as a therapeutic drug for treatment of kidney inflammation and injury.

Association between calcitriol and paricalcitol with oxidative stress in patients with hemodialysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hasan Haci Yeter ◽  
Berfu Korucu ◽  
Elif Burcu Bali ◽  
Ulver Derici
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Total Oxidant Status ◽  
Vitamin D Analog ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidant Status ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract. Background: The pathophysiological basis of chronic kidney disease and its complications, including cardiovascular disease, are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of active vitamin D (calcitriol) and synthetic vitamin D analog (paricalcitol) on oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was composed of 83 patients with a minimum hemodialysis vintage of one year. Patients with a history of any infection, malignancy, and chronic inflammatory disease were excluded. Oxidative markers (total oxidant and antioxidant status) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) were analyzed. Results: A total of 47% (39/83) patients were using active or analog vitamin D. Total antioxidant status was significantly higher in patients with using active or analog vitamin D than those who did not use (p = 0.006). Whereas, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly higher in patients with not using vitamin D when compared with the patients who were using vitamin D preparation (p = 0.005 and p = 0.004, respectively). On the other hand, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were similar between patients who used active vitamin D or vitamin D analog (p = 0.6; p = 0.4 and p = 0.7, respectively). Conclusion: The use of active or selective vitamin D analog in these patients decreases total oxidant status and increases total antioxidant status. Also, paricalcitol is as effective as calcitriol in decreasing total oxidant status and increasing total antioxidant status in patients with chronic kidney disease.

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