scholarly journals Recent advances in the Mediterranean researches on zooplankton: from spatial–temporal patterns of distribution to processes oriented studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Fonda Umani ◽  
Marina Monti ◽  
Roberta Minutoli ◽  
Letterio Guglielmo
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Interannual Fluctuations ◽  
Recurrent Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pelagic Communities ◽  
Heterotrophic Production

In this review we focus on research performed by Italian scientists on pelagic communities, from microzooplankton to micronekton, mainly in the Italian Seas. We considered published data, mostly as grey literature, and unpublished ones. Firstly we describe data collected over a time span of more than 30 years, during several cruises all around the Italian peninsula on zooplankton composition and distribution. We identified rare vs. common species, which enhanced biodiversity of the pelagic ecosystem. Time series, some also very long, allowed us to describe seasonal recurrent patterns, interannual fluctuations and recent shifts driven by climatic changes. More recently Italian researches were processes oriented and we analyzed results obtained on the impact of predation of both micro- and mesozooplankton on both autotrophic and heterotrophic preys. Carbon fluxes through zooplankton components were variable in space and time, but accounted for important phytoplankton losses, and when this resource became scarce they relied on heterotrophic production. Through respiration measurements of mesozooplankton another aspect of the C flux was estimated showing an increase in C demand in the most oligotrophic area. Egg production by copepods appeared to be mostly controlled by temperature and quantity/quality of available food.

scholarly journals Scoping review of mental health in prisons through the COVID-19 pandemic

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046547
Author(s):  
Luke Johnson ◽  
Kerry Gutridge ◽  
Julie Parkes ◽  
Anjana Roy ◽  
Emma Plugge
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the extent, nature and quality of literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of imprisoned people and prison staff.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PsychExtra, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for any paper from 2019 onwards that focused on the mental health impact of COVID-19 on imprisoned people and prison staff. A grey literature search focused on international and government sources and professional bodies representing healthcare, public health and prison staff was also performed. We also performed hand searching of the reference lists of included studies.Eligibility criteria for selection of studiesAll papers, regardless of study design, were included if they examined the mental health of imprisoned people or prison staff specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Imprisoned people could be of any age and from any countries. All languages were included. Two independent reviewers quality assessed appropriate papers.ResultsOf 647 articles found, 83 were eligible for inclusion, the majority (58%) of which were opinion pieces. The articles focused on the challenges to prisoner mental health. Fear of COVID-19, the impact of isolation, discontinuation of prison visits and reduced mental health services were all likely to have an adverse effect on the mental well-being of imprisoned people. The limited research and poor quality of articles included mean that the findings are not conclusive. However, they suggest a significant adverse impact on the mental health and well-being of those who live and work in prisons.ConclusionsIt is key to address the mental health impacts of the pandemic on people who live and work in prisons. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for getting the balance between infection control imperatives and the fundamental human rights of prison populations.

scholarly journals Housing with support for older people: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Camille Coyle ◽  
Sarah Buggy ◽  
Olivia Cagney ◽  
Louise Farragher ◽  
Caitriona Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Older People ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
The Impact ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Background: The implementation of housing with support is rapidly expanding, particularly as life expectancy is increasing throughout the world. This expansion is likely to intensify in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has revealed the risks of relying primarily on nursing homes. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to: 1) explore older people’s perceptions and experiences of housing with support and 2) examine the impact of providing housing with support for older people on their quality of life. Methods: The databases Ovid Medline, Ovid Social Policy & Practice, EBSCO CINAHL, and EBSCO SOCIndex will be searched, and grey literature will also be identified. Quality assessment will be carried out using Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research as well as a tool from the National Institutes of Health for observational cohort studies. This review will employ convergent parallel design; as such, qualitative and quantitative findings will be synthesised separately in the initial stage of analysis. The results from the qualitative and quantitative syntheses will then be integrated in the final stage of the analysis. Conclusion: This systematic review will synthesise the evidence regarding older people’s perceptions and experiences of housing with support and the impact of providing housing with support for older people on their quality of life.

scholarly journals Methodological quality of public health guideline recommendations on vitamin D and calcium : a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoli Dai ◽  
Cynthia M Kroeger ◽  
Sally McDonald ◽  
Matthew J Page ◽  
Joanne E McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Published Data

IntroductionCurrent recommendations for vitamin D and calcium in dietary guidelines and bone health guidelines vary significantly among countries and professional organisations. It is unknown whether the methods used to develop these recommendations followed a rigourous process and how the differences in methods used may affect the recommended intakes of vitamin D and calcium. The objectives of this study are (1) collate and compare recommendations for vitamin D and calcium across guidelines, (2) appraise methodological quality of the guideline recommendations and (3) identify methodological factors that may affect the recommended intakes for vitamin D and calcium. This study will make a significant contribution to enhancing the methodological rigour in public health guidelines for vitamin D and calcium recommendations.Methods and analysesWe will conduct a systematic review to evaluate vitamin D and calcium recommendations for osteoporosis prevention in generally healthy middle-aged and older adults. Methodological assessment will be performed for each guideline against those outlined in the 2014 WHO handbook for guideline development. A systematic search strategy will be applied to locate food-based dietary guidelines and bone health guidelines indexed in various electronic databases, guideline repositories and grey literature from 1 January 2009 to 28 February 2019. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarise the data on intake recommendation and on proportion of guidelines consistent with the WHO criteria. Logistic regression, if feasible, will be used to assess the relationships between the methodological factors and the recommendation intakes.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as we will only extract published data or information from the published guidelines. Results of this review will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019126452

The impact of Arrenurus danbyensis Mullen (Acari: Prostigmata; Arrenuridae) on a population of Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Smith ◽  
Susan B. McIver
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Coquillettidia Perturbans ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Parasitic Mites ◽  
The Impact

Adult Coquillettidia perturbons (Walker) collected in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, from 1978 to 1980 were parasitized by larval Arrenurus danbyensis Mullen. Up to 87.5% of newly emerged mosquitoes were parasitized. The prevalence of parasites on host-seeking mosquitoes rarely exceeded 30%. This discrepancy is not the result of mites dropping off host-seeking mosquitoes. By comparing pairs of samples over the apparent interval of 1 – 2 days between emergence and host-seeking, it is estimated that 42.5% of the newly emerged were not recruited to the host-seeking population. In the laboratory, no significant effect of parasitic mites on the host's adult life-span or blood-meal size was detected, but there was a significant effect on the host's egg production. The distribution of mites on mosquitoes was characterized by combining the Taylor power law and the negative binomial distribution. With this relationship, the effect of mite parasitism on the host's egg production in the laboratory could be extrapolated to estimate this effect on natural populations. In the population studied, egg production is reduced by approximately 5%. Based on published data, egg production in the first gonotrophic cycle of a population of Anopheles crucians Wiedemann is reduced by up to 35%.

scholarly journals Respectful Maternity Care Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Lucy Natecho Namusonge ◽  
Jacob Odhiambo Ngachra
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Maternity Care ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Respectful Maternity Care ◽  
Disrespect And Abuse ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
New Born ◽  
The Impact

High maternal and new born mortality remains a pressing problem in developing settings. Poor treatment during childbirth contributes directly and indirectly to this problem at a rate of 82%. Many women experience disrespectful and abusive treatment during childbirth in facilities worldwide which violates their rights to respectful care and a threat to their right to life, health, bodily integrity and freedom from discrimination. Majority of women report to have experienced some form of disrespect and abuse during childbirth. This systematic literature review aimed at reviewing studies on Respectful Maternity Care interventions aimed at promoting Quality of Maternal and New born Care. Objectives were to assess literature on how mothers are treated during childbirth (experience of care/respectful maternity care), to find out the factors contributing to disrespect and abuse during childbirth, to identify strategies for addressing issues affecting respectful maternity care. The literature review employed a quality assessment tool ‘PRISMA’, by the WHO. Eligibility criteria was studies published between 1992 and 2020 in indexed national and international journals in English language focusing on Respectful Maternity Care interventions in promoting Quality of Maternal and New born Care. Literature was reviewed from academic databases, project reports and documents. Electronic searches included reference libraries: PubMed, Cochrane Reference Libraries, google scholar, Medline on Mega scope data bases, CINAHL, Embase data bases and grey literature. Studies meeting the following criteria were included in the review: 1) Respectful Maternity Care; 2) Facilitators to dignity and respect during childbirth; and 3) Quality of Maternal and New born Care (QMNC). Disrespect and abuse appear to be widespread and research and implementation efforts must continue, there is lack of standardized definitions, instruments hence affecting generalizability and comparability, there are no adequate available data to quantify the prevalence of these behaviours. No matter the conceptual framework used in future investigations, studies should seek to accomplish three objectives: (1) to measure the perceived and observed frequencies of mistreatment in maternal health settings, (2) to examine the macro and micro level factors that drive mistreatment, (3) to assess the impact of mistreatment on the health outcomes of women and their new borns, and 4)  to employ mixed method design as an optimal strategy to evaluate mistreatment and include direct observations to bridge the gap between observed measures and participants’ self-reported experiences of mistreatment.

scholarly journals Burden of disease and adaptation to life in patients with Crohn’s perianal fistula: a qualitative exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Adegbola ◽  
Lesley Dibley ◽  
Kapil Sahnan ◽  
Tiffany Wade ◽  
Azmina Verjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Perianal Fistula ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Perianal Fistulas ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Perianal fistulas are a challenging manifestation of Crohn’s disease. Best medical and surgical therapy results in only about a third of patients remaining in remission at one year on maintenance treatment and sustained healing is often elusive. There is little published data on patient perspective of living with the condition or coping strategies in the face of non-curative/non-definitive treatment. We aimed to understand the experience of living with perianal fistula(s) and their impact on quality of life and routine functioning. Methods This exploratory qualitative study used purposive sampling to recruit participants with current / previous diagnosis of Crohn’s anal fistulas, from national IBD / bowel disease charities. The “standards for reporting qualitative research” (SRQR) recommendations were followed. Unstructured individual face-to-face interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Early themes were reviewed by the study team including patient advocates, clinicians and qualitative researchers. Results Twelve interviews were conducted, achieving apparent data saturation. Three broad themes were uncovered: Burden of symptoms; Burden of treatment; and Impact on emotional, physical and social well-being. Each included several sub-themes, with considerable interplay between these. The impact of perianal fistula(s) on patients with CD is intense and wide reaching, negatively affecting intimate, close and social relationships. Fistulas cause losses in life and work-related opportunities, and treatments can be difficult to tolerate. Conclusion Crohn’s perianal fistulas exert a heavy negative physical and emotional impact on patients. These findings will inform development of a patient reported outcome measure to assess treatment effectiveness and quality of life for patients living with this challenging condition.

scholarly journals Intensive care units follow-up: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e037725
Author(s):  
Danielle Prevedello ◽  
Marco Fiore ◽  
Jacques Creteur ◽  
J C Preiser
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Icu Discharge ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionIncreasing numbers of patients are surviving critical illness, leading to growing concern about the potential impact of the long-term consequences of intensive care on patients, families and society as a whole. These long-term effects are together known as postintensive care syndrome and their presence can be evaluated at intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up consultations. However, the services provided by these consultations vary across hospitals and units, in part because there is no validated standard model to evaluate patients and their quality of life after ICU discharge. We describe a protocol for a scoping review focusing on models of ICU follow-up and the impact of such strategies on improving patient quality of life.Methods and analysisIn this scoping review, we will search the literature systematically using electronic databases (MEDLINE - from database inception to June 15th 2020) and a grey literature search. We will involve stakeholders as recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute approach developed by Peters et al. The research will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethics approval, because data will be obtained through a review of published primary studies. The results of our evaluation will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will also be disseminated through presentations at national and international conferences.

scholarly journals Impact of Ginger Root Powder Dietary Supplement on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Status and Blood Parameters in Laying Japanese Quails

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2995
Author(s):  
Zabihollah Nemati ◽  
Zahra Moradi ◽  
Kazem Alirezalu ◽  
Maghsoud Besharati ◽  
António Raposo
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
The Impact

Medicinal plants with antibacterial effects have been used by humans for centuries. In the recent decade, due to the development of antibiotic resistant strains, many studies have focused on the use of natural compounds as feed additives in livestock. Ginger, among all, have repetitively shown numerous biological activities, antibacterial, and antibiotic properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ginger root powder (GP) on the performance, egg quality, and blood parameters of Japanese quail. A total of 240 10-weeks old female quails were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and 15 birds per replicate. Dietary treatment were basal diet (control) and basal diet containing 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg of ginger root powder. Growth performance and exterior and interior quality of egg were measured biweekly over eight-week period. At the end of experiment blood parameters were evaluated. The results showed that diet supplementation with different levels of GP had no significant effect on egg production, egg mass weight, and egg weight (p > 0.05). However, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly lower in the treatment group than the control in the whole period (p < 0.05). Egg Quality traits (shape index, albumen index, the percentage of albumen, yolk and shell, yolk pH, and shell thickness and strength) were not affected by the supplements in the whole trial period. Addition of GP significantly increased the albumen height, Haugh unit, and albumen pH in comparison with the control treatment (p < 0.05). GP reduced blood triglyceride level yet was ineffective on blood total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with GP, could improve productive performance and the egg quality of Japanese quails. Nonetheless a comprehensive study needs to be performed in order to evaluate the impact of quail dietary ginger supplementation on productive performance and egg quality and their stability during storage time for commercial use.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brhane Berhe ◽  
Haftom Legese ◽  
Hagos Degefa ◽  
Gebre Adhanom ◽  
Aderajew Gebrewahd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Globally, the novel coronavirus is a pandemic disease causing severe human infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 is causing severe and life-threatening complications. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework. In this scoping review, 70 records as of May 21, 2020, were included and discussed to better understand the current updates of the virus. PubMed, BioRxiv, MedRxiv, Global Health and google scholars were searched comprehensively for articles, preprints, grey literature, reports, conference proceedings and expert information. Studies conducted in human and published in the English language were included in the review. All the findings and statements of the review regarding the outbreak are based on published data.Results: We identified 408 records, of which 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. We synthesized the data from the included records and deep insights were extracted. The impact of the outbreak is worsening due to overcrowding, presence of asymptomatic carriers, scarcity of test kits, the immune escaping ability of the virus and lack of community awareness.Conclusions and recommendations: Due to the fast-spreading nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 the prevention and control strategies become challenging. It is imposing social, psychological, and socio-economic impacts. Adherence to physical distancing, quarantining suspects, using personal protective equipment, health education and introducing appropriate handwashing practices, avoiding contact with animals, improved control, and prevention strategies are recommended.

Health impacts and characteristics of deprescribing interventions in older adults: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoé Tremblay ◽  
David Mumbere-Bamusemba ◽  
Danielle Laurin ◽  
Caroline Sirois ◽  
Daniela Furrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Quality Of Life Outcomes ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Deprescribing, a relatively recent concept, has been proposed as a promising solution to the growing issues of polypharmacy and use of medications of questionable benefit among older adults. However, little is known about the health outcomes of deprescribing interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to contribute to the knowledge on deprescribing by addressing two specific objectives: 1) describe the impact of deprescribing in adults’ ≥60 years on health outcomes or quality of life; and 2) determine the characteristics of effective interventions in deprescribing. METHODS Primary studies targeting three concepts (older adults, deprescribing, and health/quality of life outcomes) will be included in the review. The search will be performed using key international databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Ageline, PsycInfo) and a special effort will be made to identify grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen the articles, extract the information and evaluate the quality of the selected studies. If methodologically feasible, meta-analyses will be performed for groups of intervention studies reporting on deprescribing interventions for similar medications, used for similar or identical indications and reporting on similar outcomes (for example benzodiazepines used against insomnia and reporting on quality of sleep or quality of life). Alternatively, results will be presented in bottom-line statements (Objectives 1) and a matrix outlining effective interventions (Objective 2). RESULTS The knowledge synthesis may be limited by the availability of high-quality, clinical trials on deprescribing and its outcomes in older adults. Additionally, analyses will likely be affected by studies on the deprescribing of different types of molecules within the same indication, e.g. different pharmacological classes and medications to treat hypertension, and different measures of health and quality of life outcomes for the same indication. CONCLUSIONS Deprescribing becomes more widespread, therefore knowledge on its effects on health are needed. CLINICALTRIAL CRD42015020866

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