scholarly journals Water content, resorption of N and P, and the growth of teak Tectona grandis L.f. seedlings on four types of growing media under drought stress

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Santosa ◽  
Eddy Soekendarsi ◽  
Dody Priosambodo ◽  
Abdul Hayat Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Total N ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
N Resorption ◽  
Total P

Growing media that contain organic materials can provide nutrients and water for plants. This study analyzed the availability and effects of nutrients and water, N and P resorption, and growth of teak seedlings under drought stress. The growing medium was made from ultisol soil (M1), ultisol soil with husk charcoal (M2), ultisol soil with chicken manure (M3), and ultisol soil with compost (M4), then planted with teak seeds. Maintenance was conducted by field capacity watering for 30 days. Teak seedlings were treated with drought stress for 90 days. Based on the analysis, growing media total N ranged from 0.19 to 0.28%, total P ranged from 0.10 to 0.17%, and water ranged from 11.40 to 16.20%. Teak seedling leaves contain N nutrient ranging from 0.34 to 0.95 % and P nutrient ranging from 0.04 to 0.16 %. The N resorption ability of teak seedlings ranged from 26 to 31%, and P resorption was around 20 to 25 %. The height growth of teak seedlings ranged from 80 to 115cm, the stem diameter from 1.4 to 1.8cm, the leaf area from 630 to 650cm2, and the thickness of the leaves from 545 to 462µm. Growing media made from ultisol soil and chicken manure (M3) produced the best water content, N and P resorption, and the growth of teak seedlings after 3 days of drought stress.

scholarly journals DEHYDRIN PROFILES OF SOME IRANIAN MELON VARIETIES (Cucumis melo L. Merr) UNDER DROUGHT STRE SS CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Alireza Motallebi-Azar ◽  
István Papp ◽  
Anita Szegő
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Relative Water

Dehydrins are proteins that play a role in the mechanism of drought tolerance. This study aimed at establishing dehydrin profile and accumulation in four local melon varieties of Iran: Mino, Dargazi, Saveii, and Semsori, as well as in a commercial variety Honeydew. Plants were treated with drought stress by adjusting the soil water content to 75, 50, 40, 30 and 20% of field capacity (FC) by withholding water. Water status of plants was monitored based on the seedling fresh weight (FW) and relative water content of leaves (RWC). Total protein content was extracted, then heat-stable protein (HSP) fraction was isolated for each variety and water stress treatment. After SDS-PAGE of HSP, Western blotting analysis was carried out with Anti-dehydrin rabbit (primary) and Goat anti rabbit (secondary) antibodies. ANOVA results showed that with decreasing FC below 75%, FW and RWC decreased, but these changes significantly varied among genotypes. On the basis of FW and RWC data under different drought stress treatments, the following drought-tolerant ranking was established: Mino > Dargazi > Saveii and Honeydew > Semsori, from tolerant to sensitive order. Results of Western blot analysis showed that expression of some proteins with molecular weights of 19–52 kDa was induced in the studied varieties under drought stress (% FC). Expression level of the dehydrin proteins in different varieties was variable and also depending on the drought stress level applied. However, dehydrin proteins (45 and 50 kDa) showed strong expression levels in all varieties under severe drought stress (20% FC). The abundance of dehydrin proteins was higher in tolerant varieties (Mino and Dargazi) than in moderate and drought sensitive genotypes. Consequently, dehydrins represent a potential marker for selection of genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Chicken manure as an organic fertilizer

1969 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Muñoz ◽  
Octavio Colberg ◽  
José A. Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Total P ◽  
Exchangeable Form

Four chicken manure samples (two fresh, one two months old and the other 24 months old) were evaluated for pH, total and available nutrient content, and total and exchangeable Al. Total N ranged from 2.47 to 3.72%, the lowest value corresponding to the 24-month-old manure. There was little variation among manures as to total P, Ca and K, averaging 18,588, 18,358 and 24,238 p/m, respectively. Total Mg and total Al were higher in the 2- and 24-month-old manures; however, no increase in the exchangeable fractions of these cations was observed. Exchangeable Ca ranged from 1,558 to 5,200 p/m; however, no specific pattern with age of the manure was observed. AH the K present in the manures was in the exchangeable form. Available P increased with age of the manure. This P fraction represented 10, 7, 68 and 97% of total P for fresh (1), fresh (2), 2-month-old, and 24-month-old manures, respectively.

scholarly journals Corn and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Transpiration in Response to Drying Soil

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared J. Schmidt ◽  
Erin E. Blankenship ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Soil water availability is the most important factor limiting crop yield worldwide. Understanding crop and weed transpiration in response to water supply may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of crop yield loss in water-limited environments. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to quantify corn and velvetleaf transpiration in response to drying soil. Five plants of each species were well watered by adding back the equivalent water loss each day to reach field capacity, and five plants were subjected to drought stress (dry-down) by not replacing lost water. Normalized daily transpiration of dry-down plants was regressed on soil water content expressed as the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). The critical soil water content below which plants begin to close their stomates occurred at FTSWcr= 0.36 ± 0.015 for corn and 0.41 ± 0.018 for velvetleaf. Total water transpired did not differ among species. Velvetleaf also responded to drought by senescing its oldest leaves, whereas corn mainly maintained its leaf area but with rolled leaves during peak drought stress. During a short-term drought, corn is expected to perform better than velvetleaf because it maintains full transpiration to a lower FTSW and does not senesce its leaves. Under severe long-term drought, the species that closes its stomates at greater FTSWcrwill conserve water and increase its chances of survival. Moreover, senescing all but the youngest leaves may ensure at least some seed production. Research is needed to evaluate the effects of soil water supply on corn–velvetleaf interference in the field.

scholarly journals Potensi Abu Sekam Padi untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Oksidatif Non-enzimatik dan Produksi Padi Merah pada Cekaman Kekeringan

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Diah Rachmawati ◽  
Ni Luh Gde Mona Monika ◽  
Dan Ulfatul Masruroh
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

<p>Drought inhibits several physiological process and induces oxidative stress due to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly in photosynthetic apparatus. Silicon (Si) is known to increase tolerance of rice against drought stress.  However, long period of intensive crop cultivation depleted the available soil Si by approximately 11-20%. Rice husk ash (RHA) is potential Si source. The objective of this research was to analyze the potency of RHA through pot experiment to observe: 1) internal water balanced; 2) integrity of cell membrane and  antioxidant content; and 3) production of tolerant cultivar ‘Segreng’ and sensitive one ‘Cempo merah’. Application of RHA was at level of 0, 4, and 8 tons ha-1. Drought stress was imposed by with holding water until soil water content reached 50% of field capacity (moderate stress) and 25% of field capacity (severe stress). Application of RHA significantly increased leaf relative water content and membrane stability index of rice ‘Segreng’ and ‘Cempo merah’. Tolerant cultivar ‘Segreng’ had better response than ‘Cempo merah’ as shown by greater leaf relative water content under moderate and severe stress. RHA application at level of 8 tons ha-1 increased index of membrane stability and level of antioxidant (AAred and α-tocopherol) which determine production of both rice ‘Segreng’ and ‘Cempo merah’ during drought.<br /><br />Keywords: antioxidant, field capacity, membrane stability, segreng cultivar, α-tocopherol</p>

scholarly journals Influence of biostimulants and media compositions on growth and yield of Capsicum annuum L. under drought stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budiyati Ichwan ◽  
Eliyanti Eliyanti ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty, University of Jambi, Indonesia, from April through to September 2019. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biostimulants and media compositions on the growth and yield of chili pepper during restricted soil water content. The study was arranged in a split plot design with 3 replicates (groups). Different types of biostimulants (Citorin®, Hantu®, and a control) were designated as main plot, whereas media compositions (2:2:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1 and 1:1:2) made of soil+trichocompost+rice husk charcoal were employed as sub plot. At the time of transplanting, soil water content was set to approximately 75% of field capacity to create stress conditions. The results showed that the proper choice of biostimulant and medium composition could increase nutrient status, total sugar and chlorophyll contents, and reduce proline level in plants grown under restricted water availability. Citorin® application on chili plants grown on organic media (soil+trichocompost+rice husk charcoal) with ratio of 2:1:1 could be recommended to support plant growth and production under drought stress conditions.

scholarly journals Testing the nutrient value of chicken manure in the decomposition of Trichoderma viride

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Siti Hardianti Wahyuni ◽  
Dini Puspita Yanti Nst
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Total P ◽  
Macro Nutrients

Testing the macro nutrient value of chicken manure decomposed by Trichoderma viride. This study aims to determine the value of macro nutrients in chicken manure decomposed by Trichoderma viride. This research was carried out on the field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Graha Nusantara Padangsidimpuan University, from February to August 2018. The results showed that compost with the addition of decomposer Trichoderma viride which was good was 4 weeks (A4), namely organic B = 45.70%, organic C = 91.03, C / N ratio = 11, 13%, total N = 3.51%, total P = 3.41%, total K = 1.58%

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Liquid Complementary Fertilizer on The Seed Growing Medium from Topsoil

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Fazlul Wahyudi ◽  
Bambang J. Priatmadi ◽  
Joko Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Seed Growing

In coal mine reclamation activities, topsoil is generally used as the top layer on the reclamation land surface and the primary material in the growing medium for reclamation plant seeds due to its abundant availability. Topsoil generally has a low fertility rate because the soil layers between horizons have been mixed. Improvement of topsoil quality can be performed by adding organic fertilizers. This study aimed to identify the effect of organic fertilizers, liquid complementary fertilizers (LCF), and their interactions on selected soil's chemical properties from the topsoil used as a seed growing medium. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, consisting of organic fertilizer factors (guano phosphate, Subur Ijo, vermicompost) and LCF factors (IMO, liquid smoke, Vermiwash). The results showed that the independent treatment of organic fertilizers and LCF had a very significant effect on pH. The independent treatment of organic fertilizers had a very significant effect on organic C and Total K. Meanwhile, the interaction between the two treatments had a very significant effect on the Total N and Total P of the growing media. The addition of organic fertilizers and LCF can improve topsoil quality to be used as a medium for growing media.

scholarly journals Biochar and Rhizobacteria Amendments Improve Several Soil Properties and Bacterial Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Han Ren ◽  
Baoling Huang ◽  
Víctor Fernández-García ◽  
Jessica Miesel ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total P

In the current context, there is a growing interest in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to promote ecological agriculture. The use of biochar and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an environmentally friendly alternative that can improve soil conditions and increase ecosystem productivity. However, the effects of biochar and PGPR amendments on forest plantations are not well known. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of biochar and PGPR applications on soil nutrients and bacterial community. To achieve this goal, we applied amendments of (i) biochar at 20 t hm−2, (ii) PGPR at 5 × 1010 CFU mL−1, and (iii) biochar at 20 t hm−2 + PGPR at 5 × 1010 CFU mL−1 in a eucalyptus seedling plantation in Guangxi, China. Three months after applying the amendments, we collected six soil samples from each treatment and from control plots. From each soil sample, we analyzed several physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, total N, inorganic N, NO3−-N, NH4+-N, total P, total K, and soil water content), and we determined the bacterial community composition by sequencing the ribosomal 16S rRNA. Results indicated that co-application of biochar and PGPR amendments significantly decreased concentrations of soil total P and NH4+-N, whereas they increased NO3-N, total K, and soil water content. Biochar and PGPR treatments increased the richness and diversity of soil bacteria and the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa such as Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Cyanobacteria. In general, the microbial composition was similar in the two treatments with PGPR. We also found that soil physicochemical properties had no significant influence on the soil composition of bacterial phyla, but soil NH4+-N was significantly related to the soil community composition of dominant bacterial genus. Thus, our findings suggest that biochar and PGPR amendments could be useful to maintain soil sustainability in eucalyptus plantations.

scholarly journals Growth Characteristics, Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Teak (Tectona Grandis Linn. f.) Clones Differing in Rejuvenation Capacity Subjected to Drought Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azamal Husen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Significant Recovery ◽  
Mda Content

Summary Four-year old clones (FG1 and FG11) of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.), differing in rejuvenation capacity were grown in glazed earthenware pots. Drought treatments were imposed by withholding water for 20 days and rewatered to the field capacity daily for 5 days and the possible role of biochemical alteration and antioxidant metabolism in conferring photosynthetic capacity was determine by measuring photosynthetic traits, cellular damage and assaying activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PER) enzymes. Growth, relative water content (RWC), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and soluble protein content decreased significantly with increasing drought treatments from 5 to 20 days. Droughtinduced stress significantly increased the carotenoids content, relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and, at the same time, accumulated free proline, free amino acid and soluble sugars in both clones. After re-watered to the field capacity daily for 5 days, both clones were shown significant recovery in the studied parameters. As compared with the FG11, the FG1 clone was more tolerant to drought as indicated by higher level of antioxidant enzyme activities as well as lower MDA content and electrolyte leakage. Similarly, drought stress caused less pronounced inhibition of Pn in FG1 than in FG11 clone. After re-hydration, the recovery was relatively quicker in FG1 than in FG11 clone. FG1 clone showed significant recovery in maximum quantum yield or photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) after 5 days of re-watering. The FG11 compared to the FG1, the former clone was less tolerant to drought than the latter. These results demonstrated that the different physiological strategies including antioxidative enzymes employed by the FG1 and FG11 clones of T. grandis to protect photosynthetic apparatus and alleviate drought stress. Furthermore, this study also provides ideas for teak improvement programmes and may be useful in breeding or genetic engineering for their tolerance to drought stress.

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