scholarly journals AGE-STANDARDIZED INCIDENCE RATES FOR LEUKEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN 68 COUNTRIES, AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e2015027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
High Income ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Per Capita

Consanguineous marriage which defines as a union between biologically related persons has a variety of known deleterious correlations with factors that affect public health within human populations. To investigate the association between mean of inbreeding coefficient (a) and incidence of leukemia, the present ecological study on 67 countries was carried out. Statistical analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia positively correlated with log10GNI per capita (r=0.693, df=65, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with log10a (r=-0.599, df=65, P<0.001). After controlling for log10GNI per capita, significant negative correlation between log10a and the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia was observed (r=-0.386, df=64, P<0.001). The countries were stratified according to their GNI per capita, low and high income countries with GNI per capita less than and more than 10,000$, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that in high income countries, after controlling for log10GNI per capita, correlation between the age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia and log10a was still significant (r=-0.600, df=36, P<0.001). It should be noted that there was no significant association between the age-standardized mortality rate due to leukemia and log10a (P>0.05). The present finding indicating that the age-standardized for incidence rate of leukemia is lower in countries with high prevalence of consanguineous marriages.

scholarly journals Is Physical Rehabilitation Need Associated With the Rehabilitation Workforce Supply? An Ecological Study Across 35 High-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago S. Jesus ◽  
Michel D. Landry ◽  
Helen Hoenig ◽  
Gilles Dussault ◽  
Gerald C. Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
National Income ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
High Income ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Rehabilitation Need

Background: To determine whether population-adjusted rates of physical rehabilitation need (ie, disability-related epidemiological data) are associated with the workforce supply (ie, combined rates of practicing physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) per 10 000 population) across high-income countries (HICs), adjusted for socio-demographic and economic covariates. Methods: This is a cross-national ecological study. Hierarchical, multiple linear regressions analyzed current international data across 35 HICs using: current PTs and OTs supply data obtained from the international professional federations (outcome variable); needs data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017); and finally relevant socio-demographic variables and supply-side covariates extracted from the World Bank, GBD 2017, the supply data sources, and the Global Health Expenditure Database. Results: The PTs and OTs per capita varied greatly across the 35 HICs, differing by as much as 40-fold. Denmark had the greatest supply per capita. Physical rehabilitation need was not a significant, independent predictor of workforce supply regardless of the multiple regression model used (P >.10). In the final model, after Bonferroni correction, 3 covariates were significant, independent predictors of the supply variable: gross national income (GNI) per capita and the current health expenditure in % of gross domestic product (GDP) were positive factors for workforce supply, while population size was a negative factor (all P <.01). Conclusion: PT and OT workforce supply is highly variable across HICs. This variability is not accounted for by an indicator of population need but rather by financial indicators and population size.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH AND CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN 63 COUNTRIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOSTAFA SAADAT
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
High Income ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Per Capita

SummaryIn order to investigate the association between mean inbreeding coefficient (α) and healthy life expectancy at birth (HALE; years) the present ecological study on 63 countries was done. Statistical analysis showed that HALE negatively and positively correlated with log10α and log10GNI per capita, respectively (p<0.001). It should be noted that log10α and log10GNI per capita were significantly correlated with each other (p<0.001). After controlling for log10GNI per capita, significant negative correlations between log10α and HALE were observed. The countries were stratified according to their GNI per capita into low- and high-income countries. In countries with high income, after controlling for log10GNI per capita, the correlation between HALE at birth and log10α was significant (for males r=−0.399, df=32, p=0.001; for females r=−0.683, df=32, p<0.001). In high-income Asian and African countries, where consanguineous marriage is common, after controlling for log10GNI per capita, the correlation between HALE at birth and log10α was significant (for males r=−0.819, df=8, p=0.004; for females r=−0.936, df=8, p<0.001). It seems that consanguinity influences HALE independent of country income.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Cancer Rates in the Argentia Region, Newfoundland and Labrador: An Ecological Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Pauline Duke ◽  
Marshall Godwin ◽  
Mandy Peach ◽  
Jacqueline Fortier ◽  
Stephen Bornstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Crude Incidence Rate ◽  
Crude Incidence

Background. The Argentia region of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, was home to a US naval base during a 40-year period between the 1940s and the 1990s. Activities on the base resulted in contamination of the soil and groundwater in the region with chemicals such as heavy metals and dioxins, and residents have expressed concern about higher rates of cancer in their community. This study investigated the rate of cancer diagnosis that is disproportionately high in the Argentia region.Methods. Cases of cancer diagnosed between 1985 and 2011 were obtained for the Argentia region, two comparison communities, and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates of cancer diagnosis were calculated and compared. The crude incidence rate was adjusted for differences in age demographics using census data, and age-standardized incidence rates were compared.Results. Although the Argentia region had a higher crude rate of cancer diagnosis, the age-standardized incidence rate did not differ significantly from the comparison communities or the provincial average. Argentia has an aging population, which may have influenced the perception of increased cancer diagnosis in the community.Conclusions. We did not detect an increased burden of cancer in the Argentia region.

scholarly journals Early childhood caries and its associations with sugar consumption, overweight and exclusive breastfeeding in low, middle and high-income countries: an ecological study

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9413
Author(s):  
Morenike O. Folayan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Francisco Ramos-Gomez ◽  
Wael Sabbah
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
High Income ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
Per Capita

Aim This ecological study examined the associations between the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), overweight, country’s per capita sugar consumption and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods Per capita consumption of sugar in kilograms, percentage of children exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age, percentage of 0–5-year-old children with overweight status, and percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC were compared among low-income countries (LICs), middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). The association between the prevalence of ECC and the study variables, and the effect modification by income region were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. Regression coefficients, confidence intervals, partial eta squared and P-values for effect modification were calculated. Results The per capita sugar consumption in LICs was significantly lower than in MICs (P = 0.001) and HICs (P < 0.001). The percentage of infants who exclusively breastfed up to 6 months was significantly lower in HICs than in LICs (P < 0.001) and MICs (P = 0.003). The prevalence of overweight was significantly lower in LICs than in MICs (P < 0.001) and HICs (P = 0.021). The prevalence of ECC was significantly lower in HICs than in MICs (P < 0.001). Income was a significant modifier of the associations between the prevalence of ECC, per capita sugar consumption (P = 0.005), and exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months (P = 0.03). The associations between the prevalence of ECC and per capita sugar consumption at the global level and for MICs were stronger (partial eta squared = 0.05 and 0.13 respectively) than for LICs and HICs (partial eta squared <0.0001 and 0.003 respectively). Only in MICs was there a significant association between the prevalence of ECC and per capita sugar consumption (P = 0.002), and between the prevalence of ECC and the percentage of children exclusively breastfed up to 6 months (P = 0.02). Conclusion Though the quantity of sugar consumption and exclusive breastfeeding may be a significant risk indicator for ECC in MICs, sugar consumption may be more of a risk indicator for ECC in HICs than in LICs, and vice versa for exclusive breastfeeding. Although ECC and overweight are both sugar-related diseases, we found no significant relationship between them.

scholarly journals Depression and unemployment incidence rate evolution in Portugal, 1995–2013: General Practitioner Sentinel Network data

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Rodrigues ◽  
Mafalda Sousa-Uva ◽  
Rita Fonseca ◽  
Sara Marques ◽  
Nuno Pina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Statistical Institute

OBJECTIVE: Quantify, for both genders, the correlation between the depression incidence rate and the unemployment rate in Portugal between 1995 and 2013. METHODS: An ecological study was developed to correlate the evolution of the depression incidence rates estimated by the General Practitioner Sentinel Network and the annual unemployment rates provided by the National Statistical Institute in official publications. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the depression incidence rate and the unemployment rate in Portugal, which was significant only for males (R2 = 0.83, p = 0.04). For this gender, an increase of 37 new cases of depression per 100,000 inhabitants was estimated for each 1% increase in the unemployment rate between 1995 and 2013. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study design does not allow the establishment of a causal association between unemployment and depression, the results suggest that the evolution of unemployment in Portugal may have had a significant impact on the level of mental health of the Portuguese, especially among men.

scholarly journals Analisis Kestabilan Model Matematika Penyebaran Penyakit Schistosomiasis dengan Saturated Incidence Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Elda Widya ◽  
Miswanto Miswanto ◽  
Cicik Alfiniyah
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Infected Snail ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Saturated Incidence Rate ◽  
Saturated Incidence

Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infections of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomiasis can be transmitted through schistosoma worms that contact human skin. Schistosomiasis is a disease that continues to increase in spread. Saturated incidence rates pay attention to the ability to infect a disease that is limited by an increase in the infected population. This thesis formulates and analyzes a mathematical model of the distribution of schistosomiasis with a saturated incidence rate. Based on the analysis of the model, two equilibrium points are obtained, namely non-endemic equilibrium points (E0) and endemic equilibrium points (E1). Both equilibrium points are conditional asymptotically stable. The nonendemic equilibrium point will be asymptotically stable if rh > dh, rs > ds and R0 < 1, while the endemic equilibrium point will be asymptotically stable if R0 > 1. Sensitivity analysis shows that there are parameters that affect the spread of the disease. Based on numerical simulation results show that when R0 < 1, the number of infected human populations (Hi), the number of infected snail populations (Si), the amount of cercaria density (C) and the amount of miracidia density (M) will tend to decrease until finally extinct. Otherwise at the time R0 > 1, the number of the four populations tends to increase before finally being in a constant state.

Nationwide trends in the incidence of orbital lymphoma from 1999 to 2016 in South Korea

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316796
Author(s):  
Su Kyung Jung ◽  
Jiwon Lim ◽  
Suk Woo Yang ◽  
Young-Joo Won
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Orbital Lymphoma

Background/AimsLymphomas are the most frequent neoplasm of the orbit. However, the epidemiology of orbital lymphomas is not well reported. This study aimed to provide a population-based report on the epidemiology of orbital lymphomas and measure the trends in the incidence of orbital lymphoma cancer in South Korea.MethodsNationwide cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2016 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Age-standardised incidence rates and annual percent changes were calculated according to sex and histological types. The analysis according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results summary stage classifications was performed from 2006 to 2016. Survival rates were estimated for cases diagnosed from 1999 to 2016.ResultsA total of 630 patients (median age: 54 years) with orbital lymphoma in the orbital soft tissue were included in this study. The age-standardised incidence rates increased from 0.03 to 0.08 per 100 000 individuals between 1999 and 2016, with an annual percent change of 6.61%. The most common histopathological type of orbital lymphoma was extra marginal zone B cell lymphoma, accounting for 82.2% of all orbital lymphomas during 1999–2016, followed by diffuse large B cell lymphoma (9.2%). Five-year, 10-year and 15-year overall survival (OS) of orbital lymphoma was 90.8%, 83.8% and 75.8%, respectively. OS showed a significant decrease as age increased and no significant differences between men and women.ConclusionThe incidence rate of orbital lymphoma is very low in South Korea. However, the incidence rate has increased over the past years. Orbital lymphomas have a worse prognosis as age increases.

scholarly journals COVID-19 among the inhabitants of the slums in the city of Buenos Aires: a population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044592
Author(s):  
Alejandro Macchia ◽  
Daniel Ferrante ◽  
Gabriel Battistella ◽  
Javier Mariani ◽  
Fernán González Bernaldo de Quirós
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Reporting ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

ObjectiveTo summarise the unfolding of the COVID-19 epidemic among slum dwellers and different social strata in the city of Buenos Aires during the first 20 weeks after the first reported case.DesignObservational study using a time-series analysis. Natural experiment in a big city.SettingPopulation of the city of Buenos Aires and the integrated health reporting system records of positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 tests.ParticipantsRecords from the Argentine Integrated Health Reporting System for all persons with suspected and RT-PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 between 31 January and 14 July 2020.OutcomesTo estimate the effects of living in a slum on the standardised incidence rate of COVID-19, corrected Poisson regression models were used. Additionally, the impact of socioeconomic status was performed using an ecological analysis at the community level.ResultsA total of 114 052 people were tested for symptoms related with COVID-19. Of these, 39 039 (34.2%) were RT-PCR positive. The incidence rates for COVID-19 towards the end of the 20th week were 160 (155 to 165) per 100 000 people among the inhabitants who did not reside in the slums (n=2 841 997) and 708 (674 to 642) among slums dwellers (n=233 749). Compared with the better-off socioeconomic quintile (1.00), there was a linear gradient on incidence rates: 1.36 (1.25 to 1.46), 1.61 (1.49 to 1.74), 1.86 (1.72 to 2.01), 2.94 (2.74 to 3.16) from Q2 to Q5, respectively. Slum dwellers were associated with an incidence rate of 14.3 (13.4 to 15.4).ConclusionsThe distribution of the epidemic is socially conditioned. Slum dwellers are at a much higher risk than the rest of the community. Slum dwellers should not be considered just another risk category but an entirely different reality that requires policies tailored to their needs.

scholarly journals Incidence of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2015: The Interplay Between Social Determinants and Behavioral Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Jahagirdar ◽  
Magdalene Walters ◽  
Avina Vongpradith ◽  
Xiaochen Dai ◽  
Amanda Novotney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Disease Study

AbstractHIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa declined substantially between 2000 and 2015. In this analysis, we consider the relative associations of nine structural and individual determinants with this decline. A linear mixed effects model of logged HIV incidence rates versus determinants was used. The data were from mathematical modelling as part of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study in 43 sub-Saharan African countries. We used forwards selection to determine a single final model of HIV incidence rate. The association of economic variables and HIV knowledge with incidence was found to be driven by education, while ART coverage had the largest impact on other determinants’ coefficients. In the final model, education years per capita contributed the most to explaining variation in HIV incidence rates; a 1-year increase in mean education years was associated with a 0.39 (− 0.56; − 0.2, t = − 4.48 p < 0.01) % decline in incidence rate while a unit increase in ART coverage was associated with a 0.81 (− 1.34; − 0.28, t = − 3.01, p < 0.01) % decline in incidence rate.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus was not associated with lower amputation-free survival after open revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia – A nationwide propensity score adjusted analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1358863X2110082
Author(s):  
Erika Lilja ◽  
Anders Gottsäter ◽  
Mervete Miftaraj ◽  
Jan Ekelund ◽  
Björn Eliasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Major Amputation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Number Of Patients

The risk of major amputation is higher after urgently planned endovascular therapy for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this nationwide cohort study was to compare outcomes between patients with and without DM following urgently planned open revascularization for CLTI from 2010 to 2014. Out of 1537 individuals registered in the Swedish Vascular Registry, 569 were registered in the National Diabetes Register. A propensity score adjusted Cox regression analysis was conducted to compare outcome between the groups with and without DM. Median follow-up was 4.3 years and 4.5 years for patients with and without DM, respectively. Patients with DM more often had foot ulcers ( p = 0.034) and had undergone more previous amputations ( p = 0.001) at baseline. No differences in mortality, cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), or major amputation were observed between groups. The incidence rate of stroke was 70% higher (95% CI: 1.11–2.59; p = 0.0137) and the incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 39% higher (95% CI: 1.00–1.92; p = 0.0472) among patients with DM in comparison to those without. Open vascular surgery remains a first-line option for a substantial number of patients with CLTI, especially for limb salvage in patients with DM. The higher incidence rates of stroke and AMI among patients with DM following open vascular surgery for infrainguinal CLTI require specific consideration preoperatively with the aim of optimizing medical treatment to improve cardiovascular outcome postoperatively.

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