scholarly journals Changes over Time in the Predictors of Athletic Training Program Commitment

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windee M. Weiss ◽  
Peter J. Neibert
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Context Understanding changes in athletic training program (ATP) commitment over time is crucial in retaining high-quality students in an ATP. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine if changes over time in ATP commitment determinants are related to actual changes in ATP commitment. Design Longitudinal and cross-sectional survey. Setting Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education-accredited ATP. Patients or Other Participants A total of 99 male and female athletic training students participated in Time 1. A total of 71 (39% males, 61% females) of the original 99 participants participated in Time 2. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 24 years (mean = 20.05, standard deviation = 1.28). Data Collection and Analysis Previously validated measures assessed students' perceptions of enjoyment, attractive alternatives, investments, social constraints and support, benefits and costs, and commitment to ATP over time. Change scores for Times 1 and 2 were calculated for each predictor and commitment to ATP. Two multiple regression analyses determined which changes in the determinants of commitment predicted a change in commitment. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined the magnitude of change in the model variables over time. Lastly, a multivariate ANOVA compared who continued, graduated, and discontinued in the ATP. Results Increases in investments and enjoyment predicted positive changes in commitment from Time 1 to Time 2. Additionally, decreases in classmates' social constraints and increases in professors' social constraints positively predicted changes in commitment. When exploring the magnitude of change in the model variables, only increases and decreases in enjoyment from Time 1 to Time 2 were related to concomitant changes in commitment. Lastly, graduating students reported lower commitment and enjoyment and higher perceived costs than did those students who remained in the ATP and had not yet graduated. Conclusions Athletic training program commitment predictors tend to change over time; ATP enjoyment is critical to continued motivation.

Athletic Training Program Commitment: Four-Year Longitudinal Analysis of Behavioral Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windee M. Weiss ◽  
Peter J. Neibert
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Athletic Training Education ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Board Of Certification

Context: Changes in commitment and the predictors of commitment to an athletic training program (ATP) across the academic 4-year program is important for facilitating students' continued success in ATPs and on the Board of Certification (BOC) exam. Objective: The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) examine changes in 1 cohort's perceptions of commitment across 4 academic years, and (2) to determine if commitment constructs could predict BOC scores. Design: Longitudinal and cross-sectional survey. Setting: Commission on Accrediting Athletic Training Education accredited ATP at a midsize Division I University. Patients or Other Participants: For purpose (1), 24 ATP students (male = 12, female = 12) participated, and ranged in age from 21–23 years (mean = 21.50 ± 0.59). For purpose (2), a total of 75 male and female senior ATP students participated. Main Outcome Measure(s): Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted on each predictor of commitment and ATP commitment to determine significant changes in scores from 1 year to the next. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine if commitment constructs could predict BOC scores. Lastly, a multivariate analysis of variance compared successful and unsuccessful first attempt BOC candidates on the commitment constructs. Results: Commitment, enjoyment, and benefits decreased significantly from the first year in the ATP to the second year in the program. Attractive alternatives and investments significantly increased during this same timeframe. No significant changes occurred in students' perceptions of perceived social constraints or support from professors, parents, peers, or best friends. Lastly, commitment constructs failed to predict who would pass the BOC exam, and no differences emerged for commitment constructs between students who passed the BOC exam on the first attempt and those who did not. Conclusions: Athletic Training Program students' commitment, enjoyment, investments, attractive alternatives, and perceived benefits fluctuate throughout their time enrolled in an ATP.

scholarly journals Has working-age morbidity been declining? Changes over time in survey measures of general health, chronic diseases, symptoms and biomarkers in England 1994–2014

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e032378
Author(s):  
Ben Baumberg Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Morbidity Index ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesAs life expectancy has increased in high-income countries, there has been a global debate about whether additional years of life are free from ill-health/disability. However, little attention has been given to changes over time in morbidity in theworking-agepopulation, particularly outside the USA, despite its importance for health monitoring and social policy. This study therefore asks: what are the changes over time in working-age morbidity in England over two decades?Design, setting and participantsWe use a high-quality annual cross-sectional survey, the Health Survey for England (HSE) 1994–2014. HSE uses a random sample of the English household population, with a combined sample size of over 140 000 people. We produce a newly harmonised version of HSE that maximises comparability over time, including new non-response weights. While HSE is used for monitoring population health, it has hitherto not used for investigating morbidity as a whole.Outcome measuresWe analyse all 39 measures that are fully comparable over time—including chronic disease diagnoses, symptomatology and a number of biomarkers—adjusting for gender and age.ResultsWe find a mixed picture: we see improving cardiovascular and respiratory health, but deteriorations in obesity, diabetes, some biomarkers and feelings of extreme anxiety/depression, alongside stability in moderate mental ill-health and musculoskeletal-related health. In several domains we also see stable or rising chronic diseasediagnoseseven wheresymptomatologyhas declined. While data limitations make it challenging to combine these measures into a single morbidity index, there is little systematic trend for declining morbidity to be seen in the measures that predict self-reported health most strongly.ConclusionsDespite considerable falls in working-age mortality—and the assumptions of many policy-makers that morbidity will follow mortality – there is no systematic improvement in overall working-age morbidity in England from 1994 to 2014.

Predictors of Commitment to Athletic Training Education

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windee M. Weiss ◽  
Peter J. Neibert
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Athletic Training Education ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Athletic Training Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sport Commitment ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Current Sample

Context In order for athletic training students to be successful in any athletic training education program (ATEP), a certain level of commitment to the program and profession is required. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the applicability of the sport commitment model (SCM) to an ATEP by applying the SCM in an academic setting to predict ATEP students' commitment to an ATEP. Design Cross-sectional, survey. Setting Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited ATEP. Patients or Other Participants A total of 99 male and female athletic training students participated. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 24 years of age (mean = 20.10 ± 1.28). Intervention(s) Previously validated measures were used to assess students' perceptions of enjoyment, attractive alternatives, investments, social constraints and support, benefits and costs, and commitment to the ATEP. All measures demonstrated adequate reliability for the current sample (Cronbach α = 0.71–0.93). Main Outcome Measure(s) A simultaneous multiple regression was conducted to determine which of the SCM determinants predicted ATEP commitment. An analysis of variance and a multivariate analysis of variance were conducted to compare preservice and first-, second-, and third-year ATEP students on SCM constructs. Results Perceived enjoyment and investments emerged as the significant predictors for ATEP commitment, with higher perceptions of enjoyment and investments predicting higher ATEP commitment. Students of varying academic years differed on their perceptions of ATEP enjoyment, with preservice students reporting higher enjoyment than first- or third-year students, and second-year students reporting higher enjoyment than third-year students. Additionally, preservice students reported significantly higher commitment and benefits, and lower costs and attractive alternatives, than first- and third-year students. Second-year students reported lower perceived costs than first- and third-year students. Conclusions The SCM may provide a theoretical framework in which to predict ATEP students' commitment to the program, as well as behavioral commitment (eg, stay/leave behavior).

scholarly journals Clinical characterization of dysautonomia in long COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Barizien ◽  
Morgan Le Guen ◽  
Stéphanie Russel ◽  
Pauline Touche ◽  
Florent Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physical Medicine ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Index Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Testing Group ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIncreasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, continue to experience symptoms months after recovering from mild cases of COVID-19. Amongst these symptoms, several are related to neurological manifestations, including fatigue, anosmia, hypogeusia, headaches and hypoxia. However, the involvement of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by a dysautonomia, which can aggregate all these neurological symptoms has not been prominently reported. Here, we hypothesize that dysautonomia, could occur in secondary COVID-19 infection, also referred to as “long COVID” infection. 39 participants were included from December 2020 to January 2021 for assessment by the Department of physical medicine to enhance their physical capabilities: 12 participants with COVID-19 diagnosis and fatigue, 15 participants with COVID-19 diagnosis without fatigue and 12 control participants without COVID-19 diagnosis and without fatigue. Heart rate variability (HRV) during a change in position is commonly measured to diagnose autonomic dysregulation. In this cohort, to reflect HRV, parasympathetic/sympathetic balance was estimated using the NOL index, a multiparameter artificial intelligence-driven index calculated from extracted physiological signals by the PMD-200 pain monitoring system. Repeated-measures mixed-models testing group effect were performed to analyze NOL index changes over time between groups. A significant NOL index dissociation over time between long COVID-19 participants with fatigue and control participants was observed (p = 0.046). A trend towards significant NOL index dissociation over time was observed between long COVID-19 participants without fatigue and control participants (p = 0.109). No difference over time was observed between the two groups of long COVID-19 participants (p = 0.904). Long COVID-19 participants with fatigue may exhibit a dysautonomia characterized by dysregulation of the HRV, that is reflected by the NOL index measurements, compared to control participants. Dysautonomia may explain the persistent symptoms observed in long COVID-19 patients, such as fatigue and hypoxia. Trial registration: The study was approved by the Foch IRB: IRB00012437 (Approval Number: 20-12-02) on December 16, 2020.

scholarly journals Mood and Global Symptom Changes among Psychotherapy Clients with Depressive Personality

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Maddux ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Lundh
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Depressive Personality ◽  
Symptom Changes ◽  
Psychotherapy Clients ◽  
Over Time

The present study assessed the rate of depressive personality (DP), as measured by the self-report instrument depressive personality disorder inventory (DPDI), among 159 clients entering psychotherapy at an outpatient university clinic. The presenting clinical profile was evaluated for those with and without DP, including levels of depressed mood, other psychological symptoms, and global severity of psychopathology. Clients were followed naturalistically over the course of therapy, up to 40 weeks, and reassessed on these variables again after treatment. Results indicated that 44 percent of the sample qualified for DP prior to treatment, and these individuals had a comparatively more severe and complex presenting disposition than those without DP. Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine between-groups changes on mood and global severity over time, with those with DP demonstrating larger reductions on both outcome variables, although still showing more symptoms after treatment, than those without DP. Only eleven percent of the sample continued to endorse DP following treatment. These findings suggest that in routine clinical situations, psychotherapy may benefit individuals with DP.

scholarly journals Infectious Diseases Training in Canada: One Size Does Not Fit All

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Craig Lee
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Career Counselling ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Of Calgary ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
The University

PURPOSE:To evaluate training in infectious diseases, determining which components of the training program best prepare residents for their career choices and where improvements are needed.METHOD:A cross-sectional survey was mailed to all 14 physicians who had graduated from both the Adult and Paediatric Infectious Diseases Training Program at the University of Calgary from 1985 to 1998. Responses about the adequacy of training were measured using a Likert-type scale and a qualitative questionnaire.RESULTS:Of 14 mailed questionnaires, nine responses were received (64%). Two-thirds of respondents were in an academic setting, and seven (78%) graduates obtained postfellowship training. The specialists in academic settings were all engaged in multiple nonclinical activities. The clinical and diagnostic microbiological components of training received the highest scores in terms of adequacy of training.CONCLUSION:Graduates of the University of Calgary training program indicated an overall satisfaction with their training. However, improvements are needed in career counselling, health administration, antibiotic utilization, infection prevention and specialized outpatient clinics. Potential strategies for addressing these issues include didactic lectures, enhanced exposure to clinical outpatient settings and provision of designated faculty mentors.

Temporal Trends in the Severity and Mortality of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Hypothermia

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cristina Vega-Del-Val ◽  
Juan Arnaez ◽  
Sonia Caserío ◽  
Elena Pilar Gutiérrez ◽  
Marta Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Annual Decline ◽  
Over Time

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> There is a paucity of studies examining temporal trends in the incidence and mortality of moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during the last decade of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Multicenter cross-sectional study of all infants ≥35 weeks gestational age diagnosed with moderate-to-severe HIE within 6 h of birth in an extensive region of Spain between 2011 and 2019, in order to detect trend changes over time in the (1) annual incidence, (2) severity of neurological and systemic organ involvement, and (3) neonatal death from HIE. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Annual incidence rate of moderate-to-severe HIE was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7–0.97) per 1,000 births, without trend changes over time (<i>p</i> = 0.8), although the proportion of severe HIE infants showed an average annual decline of 0.86 points (95% CI 0.75–0.98). There were 102 (70%) infants diagnosed with moderate HIE and 44 (30%) with severe HIE. TH was offered to 139/146 (95%) infants. Infants with clinical and/or electrical seizures showed a decreasing trend from 56 to 28% (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Mortality showed a nonstatistically significant decline (<i>p</i> = 0.4), and the severity of systemic damage showed no changes (<i>p</i> = 0.3). Obstetric characteristics remained unchanged, while higher perinatal pH values (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and Apgar scores (<i>p</i> = 0.05), and less need for resuscitation (<i>p</i> = 0.07), were found over time. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The annual incidence of moderate-to-severe HIE has stabilized at around 1 per 1,000 births, with a temporal trend toward a decrease in severe HIE infants and a slight decline of mortality. No association was found between temporal trends and changes in perinatal/obstetric characteristics over time.

scholarly journals Methods of conduct and reporting of living systematic reviews: a protocol for a living methodological survey

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assem M. Khamis ◽  
Lara A. Kahale ◽  
Hector Pardo-Hernandez ◽  
Holger J. Schünemann ◽  
Elie A. Akl
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

Background: The living systematic review (LSR) is an emerging approach for improved evidence synthesis that uses continual updating to include relevant new evidence as soon as it is published. The objectives of this study are to: 1) assess the methods of conduct and reporting of living systematic reviews using a living study approach; and 2) describe the life cycle of living systematic reviews, i.e., describe the changes over time to their methods and findings. Methods: For objective 1, we will begin by conducting a cross-sectional survey and then update its findings every 6 months by including newly published LSRs. For objective 2, we will conduct a prospective longitudinal follow-up of the cohort of included LSRs. To identify LSRs, we will continually search the following electronic databases: Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. We will also contact groups conducting LSRs to identify eligible studies that we might have missed. We will follow the standard systematic review methodology for study selection and data abstraction. For each LSR update, we will abstract information on the following: 1) general characteristics, 2) systematic review methodology, 3) living approach methodology, 4) results, and 5) editorial and publication processes. We will update the findings of both the surveys and the longitudinal follow-up of included LSRs every 6 months. In addition, we will identify articles addressing LSR methods to be included in an ‘LSR methods repository’. Conclusion: The proposed living methodological survey will allow us to monitor how the methods of conduct, and reporting as well as the findings of LSRs change over time. Ultimately this should help with ensuring the quality and transparency of LSRs.

scholarly journals From Age 4 to 8, Children Become Increasingly Aware About Normative Situations for Adults to Consume Alcohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Voogt ◽  
Koen Smit ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Tessa Scheffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Frequent Drinking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. ‘partying’) and uncommon situations (e.g. ‘driving’). Methods Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. Results General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents’ perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children’s knowledge of adults’ alcohol use in these situations. Conclusions Children aged 4–8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life.

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