scholarly journals Eating Disorder Risk and the Role of Clothing in Collegiate Cheerleaders' Body Images

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni M. Torres-McGehee ◽  
Eva V. Monsma ◽  
Thomas P. Dompier ◽  
Stefanie A. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Weight Control Behaviors ◽  
Clothing Type

Context With increased media coverage and competitive opportunities, cheerleaders may be facing an increase in eating disorder (ED) prevalence linked to clothing-related body image (BI). Objective To examine ED risk prevalence, pathogenic weight control behaviors, and variation in clothing-specific BI across position and academic status among collegiate cheerleaders. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and II institutions. Patients or Other Participants Female collegiate cheerleaders (n = 136, age = 20.4 ± 1.3 years, height = 160.2 ± 8.1 cm, weight = 57.2 ± 8.3 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants self-reported height, weight, and desired weight and completed the Eating Attitudes Test. Body image perceptions in 3 clothing types (daily clothing, midriff uniform, full uniform) were assessed using sex-based silhouettes (body mass index = 18.3 kg/m2 for silhouette 1, 23.1 kg/m2 for silhouette 4). Results The ED risk for cheerleaders was estimated at 33.1%. However, when body mass index was controlled using backward stepwise logistic regression, flyers had greater odds (odds ratio = 4.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 13.2, P = .008) of being at risk compared with bases, but no difference was noted between the base and back-spot positions (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 0.5, 6.6, P = .333). A main effect of BI perceptions was seen (P < .001), with a significant interaction by clothing type (F2,133 = 22.5, P < .001, η2 = 0.14). Cheerleaders desired to be smaller than their perceived BIs for each clothing type, with the largest difference for midriff uniform (2.6 ± 0.8 versus 3.7 ± 0.9), followed by full uniform (2.7 ± 0.8 versus 3.5 ± 0.9) and daily clothing (2.8 ± 0.8 versus 3.5 ± 0.9). Conclusions Cheerleaders, especially flyers, appear to be at risk for EDs, with greatest BI dissatisfaction when wearing their most revealing uniforms (ie, midriffs). Universities, colleges, and the national governing bodies of these squads need to focus on preventing eating disorders and BI dissatisfaction and promoting self-esteem.

scholarly journals The relationship between sleep quality and nutrition of medical school students in a city of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Pehlivan ◽  
E Yalcin ◽  
B Firinci
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Students need quality sleep and regular feeding during an intensive training proces. The aim of this study was to determine the sleep quality of Faculty of Medicine students and whether there is a relationship between sleep quality and eating attitudes and habits. Methods In this cross-sectional study; a face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 352 students who attending Inonu University Medical Faculty between January and March of 2019. The sample group is stratified according to class sizes (total 1665 students. The sleep quality and eating behaviors of students were questioned. For purpose, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI, developed by Buysse et al,1989), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT,developed by Garner et al 1982) was used to assess quality and disorders. Kolmogorov Smirnov normal distribution test, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis test were used in analysis of the data. Results The mean age of the students was 21.5 ± 2.5 and 54.3% were female and 45.7% were male and 25.0% smoked cigarette. 64.4% of the study group had normal body mass index. The median value of the PUKI (cut of point is 5.0 and under 5 is good) score by gender is similar with 6.0 (1.0-15.0). The median value of the PUKI score was 6.0 (1.0-16.0) in social media / internet users and 5.0 (1.0-13.0) in non-users. According to Internet / social media users before going to sleep, the difference is significant (p: 0.016). The difference between cigarette smoking and median value of PUKI was significant (p: 0.029). there was a difference between classes in favor of upper classes in terms of EAT values (p = 0,046). 12.2% of the students are at risk of Blumia and 10.8% are at risk of Anorexia. There was no significant but positive correlation between the PUKI and EAT (p = 0.074, r = 0.096). Conclusions In general, the students’ sleep quality and eating attitudes and habits were found close to the cut-off points accepted by the tests. But blumia and anorexia is significant. This study was supported by the Research Fund of the Inonu University (No. 1792) Key messages Social media / internet usage of students before going to sleep affects sleep quality significantly. Although 64.4% of the students have normal body mass index, eating disorders (bulumia and anorexia) risk are noteable.

scholarly journals FGF23 and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with CKD

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Mitsnefes ◽  
Aisha Betoko ◽  
Michael F. Schneider ◽  
Isidro B. Salusky ◽  
Myles Selig Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Interquartile Range

Background and ObjectivesHigh plasma concentration of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adults with CKD, and induces myocardial hypertrophy in experimental CKD. We hypothesized that high FGF23 levels associate with a higher prevalence of LVH in children with CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe performed echocardiograms and measured plasma C-terminal FGF23 concentrations in 587 children with mild-to-moderate CKD enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study. We used linear and logistic regression to analyze the association of plasma FGF23 with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LVH (LVMI ≥95th percentile), adjusted for demographics, body mass index, eGFR, and CKD-specific factors. We also examined the relationship between FGF23 and LVH by eGFR level.ResultsMedian age was 12 years (interquartile range, 8–15) and eGFR was 50 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (interquartile range, 38–64). Overall prevalence of LVH was 11%. After adjustment for demographics and body mass index, the odds of having LVH was higher by 2.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 4.97; P<0.01) in participants with FGF23 concentrations ≥170 RU/ml compared with those with FGF23<100 RU/ml, but this association was attenuated after full adjustment. Among participants with eGFR≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, the prevalence of LVH was 5.4%, 11.2%, and 15.3% for those with FGF23 <100 RU/ml, 100–169 RU/ml, and ≥170 RU/ml, respectively (Ptrend=0.01). When eGFR was ≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, higher FGF23 concentrations were independently associated with LVH (fully adjusted odds ratio, 3.08 in the highest versus lowest FGF23 category; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 9.24; P<0.05; fully adjusted odds ratio, 2.02 per doubling of FGF23; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 3.17; P<0.01). By contrast, in participants with eGFR<45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, FGF23 did not associate with LVH.ConclusionsPlasma FGF23 concentration ≥170 RU/ml is an independent predictor of LVH in children with eGFR≥45 ml/min per 1.73 m2.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Association with Sodium Intake from Snacks Among Undergraduates of Afe Babalola University, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
Kayode Ajayi ◽  
Ibidayo Alebiosu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the association between blood pressure (BP) values and sodium intake from snacks. Methods The mean weekly consumption of snacks was evaluated in 1500 randomly selected undergraduate aged 16–24 years by a food frequency questionnaire. Participants were divided into quartiles of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The mean weekly exercise level was calculated as the product of duration and frequency of each activity (in hours/week), weighted by an estimate of the metabolic equivalent of the activity (MET) and summed for the activities performed. The whole cohort was divided into tertiles of exercise and the individuals were classified as; sedentary, moderately active and active. The cut of points in the whole cohort were respectively; ≤10, 11–29, ≥30 MET h/week. Exercise levels were therefore expressed as MET h/week. Results The mean age, metabolic equivalent of activity (METs), body mass index (BMI) and mean sodium intake from snacks per day were; 20.10 ± 1.44 years, 25.51 ± 10.03 METs h/week, 24.86 ± 4.80 kg/m2 and 1.5 g/day respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ranges between 104.43 ± 4.89 mmHg and 137.27 ± 16.71 mmHg while the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ranges from 71.24 ± 7.83–83.11 ± 12.03 mmHg. The SBP and DBP significantly increased from the lower to the higher tertile of sodium from snacks and with increasing frequency of salty snacks consumption (P &lt; 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression model, being in the highest SBP quartile (≥115 mmHg) was significantly associated with consumption of sodium from snacks (odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.82; P = 0.001), age, gender and body mass index. Also, being in the highest DBP quartile (≥70 mmHg) was significantly associated with consumption of sodium from snacks (odds ratio (OR) = 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–5.69; P = 0.003), age, body mass index, but not with gender. Conclusions The study has shown that a strong association exists between sodium intake from snack, daily frequency of consumption of salty snacks and blood pressure. Public education and social marketing are needed to motivate the undergraduate to choose healthier snacks with lower sodium content. Funding Sources The study did not receive any funding from any source.

The association between body mass index and the risk of endometriosis: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensiyeh Jenabi ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Yousef Veisani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Q Statistic

Background: Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted to assess factors that were associated to endometriosis, but there is no consistency in results. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the association between body mass index and the risk of endometriosis. Methods: In this meta-analysis, relevant studies that published in major international electronic bibliographic databases of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched during November 2017. The Begg and Egger’s test was used to investigate publication bias in included studies. The Q-statistic and I2 tests were carried out for measuring heterogeneity. The random-effects model was conducted to obtain pooled odds ratio. Results: Our results showed a direct association between underweight and endometriosis in woman (odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–1.66), so underweight woman had 41% higher chance for endometriosis. However, we did not find linear association between overweight and endometriosis (odds ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.18) and obesity and endometriosis (odds ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.54–1.21), respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggested that underweight was a risk factor for the endometriosis, while overweight and obesity were not protective factors for endometriosis.

Combined Physical Activity and Sitting Time Association on Older Adults’ Body Mass Index: Cross-Sectional Findings From the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juleimar S.C. Amorim ◽  
Juliana L. Torres ◽  
Sérgio V. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Short Version

This study examined isolated and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) with body mass index (BMI) among older Brazilian adults. We have analyzed baseline data of 8,177 participants aged 50 years and older from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging. Respondents were categorized into sufficient PA/low ST, sufficient PA/high ST, insufficient PA/low ST, or insufficient PA/high ST using the Short Version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression analysis examined the associations of being underweight (BMI, <18 kg/m2), overweight (BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) with PA and ST categories. High ST (≥165 min/day) was associated with overweight (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [1.11, 1.44]) and obesity (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval [1.21, 1.70]). However, no association was observed between PA and BMI. Participants in the insufficient and sufficient PA/high ST categories were more likely to be obese after adjusting for sociodemographic and health condition. Our findings call for public health initiatives that consider reducing ST in older adults.

scholarly journals Prognostic Factors for the Course of β Cell Function in Autoimmune Diabetes1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 4619-4623 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Törn ◽  
M. Landin-Olsson ◽  
Å. Lernmark ◽  
J. P. Palmer ◽  
H. J. Arnqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Β Cell Function

This study presents a 2-yr follow-up of 281 patients, aged 15–34 yr, diagnosed with diabetes between 1992 and 1993. At diagnosis, 224 (80%) patients were positive for at least one of the following autoantibodies: islet cell antibodies (ICAs), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAs), or tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2As); the remaining 57 (20%) patients were negative for all three autoantibodies. At diagnosis, C-peptide levels were lower (0.27; 0.16–0.40 nmol/L) in autoantibody-positive patients compared with autoantibody-negative patients (0.51; 0.28–0.78 nmol/L; P &lt; 0.001). After 2 yr, C-peptide levels had decreased significantly in patients with autoimmune diabetes (0.20; 0.10–0.37 nmol/L; P = 0.0018), but not in autoantibody-negative patients. In patients with autoimmune diabetes, a low initial level of C-peptide (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–4.0) and a high level of GADAs (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–5.7) were risk factors for a C-peptide level below the reference level of 0.25 nmol/L 2 yr after diagnosis. Body mass index had a significant effect in the multivariate analysis only when initial C-peptide was not considered. Factors such as age, gender, levels of ICA or IA-2A or insulin autoantibodies (analyzed in a subset of 180 patients) had no effect on the decrease in β-cell function. It is concluded that the absence of pancreatic islet autoantibodies at diagnosis were highly predictive for a maintained β-cell function during the 2 yr after diagnosis, whereas high levels of GADA indicated a course of decreased β-cell function with low levels of C-peptide. In autoimmune diabetes, an initial low level of C-peptide was a strong risk factor for a decrease in β-cell function and conversely high C-peptide levels were protective. Other factors such as age, gender, body mass index, levels of ICA, IA-2A or IAA had no prognostic importance.

The D543N polymorphism of the SLC11A1/NRAMP1 gene is associated with treatment failure in male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvain Salinas-Delgado ◽  
Carlos Galaviz-Hernández ◽  
René García Toral ◽  
Carmen A. Ávila Rejón ◽  
Miguel A. Reyes-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Nramp1 Gene ◽  
Male Patients

AbstractPolymorphisms inThirty-three subjects with treatment failure were paired by age and body mass index with 33 patients who successfully completed treatment and were considered cured. We assessed the polymorphisms ofWe found that D543N (G/A genotype) was associated with treatment failure in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis [odds ratio (OR) 11.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.66–36.78]. When adjusted by gender, this association remained significant in males (OR 11.09, 95% CI 3.46–35.51).In our male population, the presence of the D543N polymorphism of

scholarly journals Body mass index is a risk factor for hemorrhagic transformation in older ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis: a single center retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqing Miao ◽  
Xiaoyan Yin ◽  
Chunying Mu ◽  
Yan Qu ◽  
Guogang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract Background: The aim of our study was to determine whether body mass index is a predictor of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted to recruit 261 participants from a single center in China (67.0% males, median age 65 years). A head computed tomography scan was performed after 24 hours to evaluate hemorrhagic transformation occurrence, and a computed tomography scan was performed immediately in cases of clinical worsening. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between risk factors and hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Results: Of 261 patients, 40 (15.3%) developed hemorrhagic transformation (55% males, median age 70 years). Body mass index was higher in patients with hemorrhagic transformation than in patients without hemorrhagic transformation (25.7 vs 23.7; P value, 0.013). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that body mass index was an independent predictor of hemorrhagic transformation in patients aged ≥ 73 years (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.49) but not in patients aged < 73 years (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.18). In addition, the odds ratio was 5.16 (95% confidence interval, 2.21-12.04) when the body mass index was ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared to a body mass index < 25 kg/m2. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that body mass index was an independent predictor of hemorrhagic transformation in older acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis. Keywords: Body mass index, Hemorrhagic transformation, Intravenous thrombolysis, Ischemic stroke, Older patients.

Clinical Outcomes of Weight-Based Norepinephrine Dosing in Underweight and Morbidly Obese Patients: A Propensity-Matched Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya A. Kotecha ◽  
Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula ◽  
Dinesh R. Apala ◽  
Erin Frazee ◽  
Vivek N. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients

Background: Weight-based dosing strategy for norepinephrine in septic shock patients with extremes of body mass index has been lesser studied. Methods: This historical study of adult septic shock patients was conducted from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, at all intensive care units (ICUs) in Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Patients with documented body mass index were classified into underweight (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), and morbidly obese (≥40 kg/m2) patients. Patients with repeat ICU admissions, ICU stay <1 day, and body mass index 25 to 39.9 kg/m2 were excluded. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included cumulative norepinephrine exposure acute kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmias, and 1-year mortality. Two-tailed P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From 2010 to 2015, 2016 patients met inclusion—145, 1406, and 466 patients, respectively, in underweight, normal weight, and morbidly obese cohorts. Underweight patients used the highest peak dose and absolute exposure was greatest for morbidly obese patients. In-hospital mortality decreased with increasing log10 body mass index: 41.4% (underweight), 28.4% (normal weight), and 24.7% (morbidly obese), respectively ( P < .001); however, this relationship was not noted at 1 year. Unadjusted log10 norepinephrine cumulative exposure (mg) was associated with higher in-hospital mortality, acute kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmias, and 1-year mortality. After adjustment for demographics, body mass index, comorbidity, and illness severity, log10 norepinephrine exposure was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 2.4 [95% confidence interval, 2.0-2.8]; P < .001) and 1-year mortality (odds ratio 1.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.0]; P < .001). In a propensity-matched analysis of 1140 patients, log10 norepinephrine was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 2.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.8-2.6]; P < .001). Conclusions: Morbidly obese patients had lower in-hospital mortality but had higher 1-year mortality compared to normal weight and underweight patients. Cumulative norepinephrine exposure was highest in morbidly obese patients. Total norepinephrine exposure was an independent mortality predictor in septic shock.

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