scholarly journals General approach to the sensitivity of the optics of an eye to change in elementary parameters with application to the Gaussian optics of a reduced eye

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Gaussian Optics ◽  
Clear Statement ◽  
Two Independent Variables ◽  
General Method

Optical properties of the eye, including the refractive compensation, for example, may change if there are changes in any of the components that make up the eye.  The sensitivity to such changes isquantified via the derivative.  This paper employs the reduced eye and Gaussian optics to illustrate a general method for the analysis of sensitivity in eyes.  The method requires a clear statement of the dependent variable as a function of independent variables.  A symbolism is offered that makes the function unambiguous.  Sensitivities are determined for the fundamental optical properties,the transference and the corneal-plane refractivecompensation of a reduced eye to change in corneal power, curvature and radius of curvature and to change in axial length and index of refraction.  Emsley’s reduced eye is examined in particular.  Its corneal-plane refractive compensation has a sensitivity of  135 −135 D to change in refractive index,  1 −2.7 D/mm to change in length and  135 −1/3 to change in corneal curvature when the other two independent variables are held fixed.  The method has the potential to develop guidelines that are useful clini-cally.

A New General Method for the Determination of Optical Properties of Amorphous Silicon Films

1990 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Amato ◽  
L. Boarino ◽  
F. Fizzotti ◽  
C. Manfredotti
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Optical Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
General Method

ABSTRACTWe propose to apply a new method to model the optical response of amorphous silicon thin films. This method presents the advantage of having a good physical insight. On the other hand, although the model has been originally tested on different materials like a-Si, a-Ge and a-GaAs, we show that it is also sensitive to small differences like those that can exist between intrinsic and doped a-Si:H.

An Investigation of the Effect of Latency on the Operator’s Trust and Performance for Manual Multi-robot Teleoperated Tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Rogers ◽  
Amro Khasawneh ◽  
Jeffery Bertrand ◽  
Kapil Chalil Madathil
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Subjective Workload ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Latency is an important factor when conducting teleoperated missions. This study investigates the effects of latency on a set of dependent variables: performance (measured by time and number of errors), subjective workload, trust, and usability. These measures were tested in a simulated search-and-rescue mission over two levels of two independent variables. One independent variable was the number of robots – one or two (within-subject), and the other independent variable was latency – simulations with and without latency (between-subject.) The significant effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables were checked using repeated measure two-way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. The data determined any significant effects that latency and/or the number of robots had on such factors as errors, dependability, reliability, harmful outcomes, temporal demand, and frustration.

scholarly journals Bounds of Double Integral Dynamic Inequalities in Two Independent Variables on Time Scales

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Saker
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Equations ◽  
Double Integral ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Explicit Bounds ◽  
Quantitative Properties ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Our aim in this paper is to establish some explicit bounds of the unknown function in a certain class of nonlinear dynamic inequalities in two independent variables on time scales which are unbounded above. These on the one hand generalize and on the other hand furnish a handy tool for the study of qualitative as well as quantitative properties of solutions of partial dynamic equations on time scales. Some examples are considered to demonstrate the applications of the results.

Absorption and index of refraction for the modeling of InGaAsP/InP photonic devices

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Reid ◽  
R. Maciejko ◽  
A. Champagne
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lattice Matched

Methods for modeling, over an extended practical wavelength range, the index of refraction and the absorption in lattice-matched InGaAsP/InP-based photonic devices are reviewed, completed, and clarified. Carrier-induced effects on the optical properties are given special attention. For the index of refraction, the method gives results within 1% of the experimental ones. On the other hand, the results for absorption are more difficult to compare owing to the lack of experimental data.

Age Similarity and Helping Intentions

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoel Yinon ◽  
Irit Sharon ◽  
Bat-Ami Malkiman
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Children, adolescents, adults, and pensioners were requested to collect books for either their own age group or any of the other age groups mentioned, in a 4X4 factorial design. Data analysis revealed main effects for both the age of the potential helper and recipient, as well as an interaction between these two independent variables. However, none of the age groups exhibited a tendency to help their own age group more than the other age groups. The findings' pattern is discussed in detail.

ON THE CONVERGENCE OF DISCRETE PROCESSES WITH MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
N. ISHIMURA ◽  
N. YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Discrete Analogue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Brownian Motion ◽  
Symmetric Random Walk ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Process Convergence ◽  
Two Independent Variables

We discuss discrete stochastic processes with two independent variables: one is the standard symmetric random walk, and the other is the Poisson process. Convergence of discrete stochastic processes is analysed, such that the symmetric random walk tends to the standard Brownian motion. We show that a discrete analogue of Ito’s formula converges to the corresponding continuous formula.

Practical Correction of Three Fold Astigmatism in the Philips CM TEM

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Arno J. Bleeker ◽  
Mark H.F. Overwijk ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Symmetric Part ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Rotationally Symmetric ◽  
Brightness Field

With the improvement of the optical properties of the modern TEM objective lenses the point resolution is pushed beyond 0.2 nm. The objective lens of the CM300 UltraTwin combines a Cs of 0. 65 mm with a Cc of 1.4 mm. At 300 kV this results in a point resolution of 0.17 nm. Together with a high-brightness field-emission gun with an energy spread of 0.8 eV the information limit is pushed down to 0.1 nm. The rotationally symmetric part of the phase contrast transfer function (pctf), whose first zero at Scherzer focus determines the point resolution, is mainly determined by the Cs and defocus. Apart from the rotationally symmetric part there is also the non-rotationally symmetric part of the pctf. Here the main contributors are not only two-fold astigmatism and beam tilt but also three-fold astigmatism. The two-fold astigmatism together with the beam tilt can be corrected in a straight-forward way using the coma-free alignment and the objective stigmator. However, this only works well when the coefficient of three-fold astigmatism is negligible compared to the other aberration coefficients. Unfortunately this is not generally the case with the modern high-resolution objective lenses. Measurements done at a CM300 SuperTwin FEG showed a three fold-astigmatism of 1100 nm which is consistent with measurements done by others. A three-fold astigmatism of 1000 nm already sinificantly influences the image at a spatial frequency corresponding to 0.2 nm which is even above the point resolution of the objective lens. In principle it is possible to correct for the three-fold astigmatism a posteriori when through-focus series are taken or when off-axis holography is employed. This is, however not possible for single images. The only possibility is then to correct for the three-fold astigmatism in the microscope by the addition of a hexapole corrector near the objective lens.

Optical properties of a thin layer of the Vanadium dioxide at the metal state

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2303-2310
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Benchaib ◽  
Abdesselam Mdaa ◽  
Izeddine Zorkani ◽  
Anouar Jorio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Metal State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reversible Phase

The vanadium dioxide VO₂ currently became very motivating for the nanotechnologies’ researchers. It makes party of the intelligent materials because these optical properties abruptly change semiconductor state with metal at a critical  temperature θ = 68°C. This transition from reversible phase is carried out from a monoclinical structure characterizing its semiconductor state at low temperature towards the metal state of this material which becomes tétragonal rutile for  θ ˃ 68°C ; it is done during a few nanoseconds. Several studies were made on this material in a massive state and a thin layer. We will simulate by Maple the constant optics of a thin layer of VO₂ thickness z = 82 nm for the metal state according to the energy ω of the incidental photons in the energy interval: 0.001242 ≤ ω(ev) ≤ 6, from the infra-red (I.R) to the ultra-violet (U.V) so as to be able to control the various technological nano applications, like the detectors I.R or the U.V,  the intelligent windows to  increase  the energy efficiency in the buildings in order to save the cost of energy consumption by electric air-conditioning and the paintings containing nano crystals of this material. The constant optics, which we will simulate, is: the index of refraction, the reflectivity, the transmittivity, the coefficient of extinction, the dielectric functions ԑ₁ real part and  ԑ₂  imaginary part of the permittivity complexes ԑ of this material and the coefficient absorption. 

Optical properties of the Vanadium dioxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2148-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Benchaib ◽  
Abdesselam Mdaa ◽  
Izeddine Zorkani ◽  
Anouar Jorio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Dielectric Function ◽  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Practical Utility ◽  
Infra Red

The vanadium dioxide is a material thermo chromium which sees its optical properties changing at the time of the transition from the phase of semiconductor state ↔ metal, at a critical temperature of 68°C. The study of the optical properties of a thin layer of VO₂ thickness 82 nm, such as the dielectric function, the index of refraction, the coefficient ofextinction, the absorption’s coefficient, the reflectivity, the transmittivity, in the photonic spectrum of energy ω located inthe interval: 0.001242 ≤ ω (ev) ≤ 6, enables us to control well its practical utility in various applications, like the intelligentpanes, the photovoltaic, paintings for increasing energy efficiency in buildings, detectors of infra-red (I.R) or ultra-violet(U.V). We will make simulations with Maple and compare our results with those of the literature

ANALISIS VARIABEL YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSENO - SUSENO
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
F Test ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Influential Variable

ANALISIS VARIABEL YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIAOleh : Suseno STIE SATRIA Purwokerto ABSTRACT The aims of the research are (1) to analyze influence of age, scale, financial leverage, and profitability to performance of firms at The Indonesian Stock Exchange. (2) to determine the most influential variable on the performance of the firms. Hypotheses proposed in this research were: (1) Age, Scales, Financial Leverage, Profitability influences the performance of firms, (2) Age influences the performance of firms, (3) Scales influences the performance of firms, (4) Financial Leverage influences the performance of firms, (5) Profitability influences the performance of firms. Instrument of analysis employed in the research was multiple linear regression with t test and F test.The results of analyses of t test showed that profitability did not influence the performance of the firms. It was indicated by the value of computed t which was smaller than the value of t table. Meanwhile, the t test of age, scale and financial leverage indicated that the value of computed t > t table. It means that these variables (scale and financial leverage) influenced the performance of the firms. The F test showed that the independent variables of age, scale, financial leverage and profitability as a whole significantly influenced the performance of the firms. It was indicated by the calculated F > the value of F table, the value the age computed t which was smaller than the value of -t table..Based on the research results that age and profitability do not influence the performance of the firms, it is suggested that investors should not pay any attention to those variables. On the other hand, they should pay attention to the variables of scale and financial leverage. It is recommended that for further research should include longer periode of the sample.

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