scholarly journals Experiences and guidelines for footcare practices of patients witli diabetes mellitus

Curationis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Matwa ◽  
M. M. Chabeli ◽  
M. Muller ◽  
N. S. Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

The former Transkei is a predominantly rural region of the Eastern Cape Province. The poor infrastructure in this area results in inaccessibility of the available health services. The majority is ill equipped to deliver optimum diabetes care. There is an increase of lower limb amputations and lack of knowledge among patients with diabetes mellitus in the former Transkei. These complications can be prevented by patient education on self-management and appropriate footcare procedures. This qualitative study was conducted to explore and describe the experiences and footcare practices of diabetic patients who live in the rural areas of Transkei.

scholarly journals A preliminary study on diabetes self-management education and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisokanth G. ◽  
Indrakumar J. ◽  
Prathapan S. ◽  
Joseph J. ◽  
Ilankoon I.M.P.S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Preliminary Study

This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in the improvement of glycemic control among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. The study was a prospective interventional study and conducted as a preliminary study at medical clinic, Base hospital, Kaluwanchikudy, Batticaloa. Thirty patients with T2DM were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A structured individual diabetes self-management education for 10 hours (one hour per week) was delivered to diabetic patients by the trained Nurse Health Educator. Glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed as a main outcome measure and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Body Mass Index (BMI) of each patient were also measured and recorded before and after the intervention. The respondent rate was 96.7% (n = 29). Majority of them were females (n = 25, 86.2%). A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that DSME had a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c [8.60 (IQR 2.60) vs. 7.40 (IQR 2.10), p = .000] and FBS level [159.00 (IQR 77.50) vs. 134.00 (IQR 40.50), p = .002] at 3 months of intervention. The mean BMI at baseline was higher compared to 3 months of intervention [24.88 (SD ± 3.06) vs. 24.19 (SD ± 2.79)] which was statistically significant (p = .000). Majority of participants (n = 22, 75.9%) had improved their HbA1c level by ≥ 0.5% in 3 months. The diabetes self-management education is an effective measure in improving glycemic control and other clinical parameters among patients with T2DM. Thus, DSME needs to be implemented among clinic patients with T2DM for the better outcome and the preventions of complications.

scholarly journals Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Improving Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence from the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Sini T Inasu ◽  
MV Kumudavalli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly growing major health problem world-wide. The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus is complex, requiring continuous medical care by health care professionals and considerable self-care efforts by patients. A collaborative and integrated team approach in which pharmacists can play a pivotal role should be sought when managing patients with diabetes. Pharmacist-led care programs have been shown to help patients with diabetes succeed in achieving treatment goals and improving outcomes. Hence, the aim of this narrative review is to address and summarize the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions in the management of diabetic patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched from the date of database inception to June 2019. All randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacist-based interventions on diabetic patients in comparison with usual care were included in study. Outcomes of interest included short-term and long-term measures such as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and secondary outcomes were blood glucose level, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, medication adherence, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and economic outcomes. Twenty-five studies were included in this systematic study. They were heterogeneous in terms of interventions, participants, settings and outcomes. Pharmacist-led self-management interventions included education on diabetes and its complications, medication adherence, lifestyle and education of self-management skills. Few studies even focussed on patients need through a tailored intervention. We found that those who received the pharmacist care had a statistically significant improvement in HbA1C, blood pressure, lipid profile, health-related quality of life, and CHD risk. These results underline the added value of pharmacists in patient-related care.  Hence this review supports the involvement of pharmacists as a member of health- care teams in managing diabetic patients at diverse settings worldwide. Keywords: diabetes, self-management, HbA1C, pharmaceutical care, randomized controlled trial

scholarly journals Serum Oxidized LDL Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy in Mthatha Region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Ganjifrockwala ◽  
Jim Joseph ◽  
Grace George
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a powerful natural prooxidant derived from native LDL by cell-mediated oxidation. Such oxidation occurs more easily in glycated LDL as observed in diabetes mellitus. We evaluated and compared selected biomarkers of oxidative stress and total antioxidant (TAO) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without retinopathy in the Mthatha region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The participants totaled to 140 and this number comprised 98 diabetic patients on treatment, stratified by diabetes (54) and diabetes with retinopathy (44). Forty-two nondiabetic healthy controls made up the 140. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, serum ox-LDL, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and TAO levels were measured. A statistically significant increase in FPG, HbA1c, TBARS, and ox-LDL and a significant decrease in TAO levels were seen in T2DM patients with retinopathy as compared to controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between TAO and ox-LDL levels in the diabetic group. In multiple linear regression analyses, duration of diabetes, triglyceride, TAO, and LDL cholesterol were found to be significantly associated with ox-LDL. In multiple logistic regression analyses, ox-LDL [OR 1.02 (1.01–1.03),P=0.005] was the only risk factor and was significantly associated with the presence of retinopathy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of limb amputations in a Roma population compared to Caucasians, in patients with diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Andrada Coşoreanu ◽  
Maria Băleanu ◽  
Emilia Rusu ◽  
Mihai Marinescu ◽  
Sergiu-Andrei Iordache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Extremity Amputation

AbstractIntroduction. Over the last few years, lower limb amputations have represented a prevalent worldwide burden in the evolution of diabetic patients, but at what extent this burden affects the Roma population compared to Caucasians in Romania still needs further comprehension.Aim. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of lower extremities amputations in a Roma population, compared to a Caucasian population, in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as to identify the risk factors associated.Materials and methods. We included 536 patients, of whom 257 Roma subjects and 279 Romanian Caucasians, with the following socio-demographic status: the Roma group included 123 women (48.1%) and 134 men (51.9%), aged between 18 and 86 years, while the Caucasian group registered 107 women (47.9%) and 172 men (61.6%), aged between 18 and 89 years.Results. Analyzing the whole group, the prevalence of amputations was 5% (n=27). A greater proportion of amputations was found in Romanian Caucasians (n=21, 7.5%), where there were 17 men (9.9%) and 4 women (3.7%) affected, compared to the Roma population (n=6, 2.3%), where all amputations occurred in men. Noticeably, this complication is more predominantly afflicting men.Conclusions. Non-traumatic lower extremity amputation remains a challenge today in the care of diabetic patients. In our study, higher rates of amputations were observed in Romanian Caucasians, in comparison with the Roma population. Apart from this, this condition was accompanied by many cardiovascular risk factors.

Using experiences of mobile application from the perspective of patients with diabetes mellitus: A qualitative meta-synthesis (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Lv ◽  
Yingjuan Cao ◽  
Jinghua Xia ◽  
Ran Tan ◽  
Polun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

BACKGROUND Mobile application has become a new tool for management of chronic disease like diabetes mellitus (DM). Up to date, most of the studies related to mobile application focus on the effectiveness of self-management, rarely take perceptions and experiences of users into account. OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta- synthesis of qualitative researches which associated with mobile application using experiences among diabetic patients in order to better understand those factors which facilitate or hinder patients’ embracement, and to provide recommendations for future mobile application design and disease management strategies. METHODS Literatures focused on experiences and perceptions of users in diabetes application were searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library between inception and June 2018. The Jonna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies was utilized to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. The searching results were synthesized by employing Integrating Methods. RESULTS Four studies were included for analysis, 17 findings were subsequently integrated into 6 categories and finally 2 synthesized results were defined, including the use of mobile application for diabetes can improve patients’ self-management and confidence in disease control, obtain more support from health care professionals, and reduce negative emotions; Problems and negative effects in use. CONCLUSIONS Mobile application is a helpful tool to initiate and maintain self-management among diabetic patients and more improvements are necessary for the sake of easy use and effectiveness. Further high-quality qualitative study is needed to better understand requirements and using experience of diabetics, health care professionals or other stakeholders.

scholarly journals Screening for diabetic complications as a tool for the evaluation of medical and preventive aid to patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iu I Suntsov ◽  
O V Maslova ◽  
I I Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Actual Prevalence

The objective of this work was to study the actual prevalence of diabetes mellitus complications and evaluate the quality of health care provided to the patients with these problems in different regions of Russia. A random sample of 11 240 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) was obtained from a total of 20 regions of the Russian Federation. The study protocol included evaluation of visual function, the state of peripheral nervous system and lower extremities, renal and cardiovascular functions; in addition, HbA1c, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured along with albuminuria. It was found that the actual prevalence of major diabetic complications is 20-50% higher than the registered one. The overwhelming majority of the patients were shown to be chronically decompensated. This finding holds for 85.5% of the children, 92.6% of the adolescents, 83.9% and 74.8% of the adult patients with types 1 and 2 DM respectively. The HbA1c level in patients living in rural areas was 33.7-42.1% higher than in residents of regional urban centres. Fewer than 14.4% and 0.6% of the patients with type 2 DM used insulin and its analogs respectively. Overall, the study demonstrated rather poor quality of medical and preventive aid provided to diabetic patients and the necessity of its improvement.

Intramuscular Nerve and Neuromuscular Junction Alteration In Extraocular Muscles of Diabetic Mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Pachter
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oculomotor Palsy ◽  
Third Nerve Palsy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Intramuscular Nerve ◽  
Oculomotor Nerves

Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest causes of neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of neuropathic disorders to which patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible; more than one kind of neuropathy can frequently occur in the same individual. Abnormalities are also known to occur in nearly every anatomic subdivision of the eye in diabetic patients. Oculomotor palsy appears to be common in diabetes mellitus for their occurrence in isolation to suggest diabetes. Nerves to the external ocular muscles are most commonly affected, particularly the oculomotor or third cranial nerve. The third nerve palsy of diabetes is characteristic, being of sudden onset, accompanied by orbital and retro-orbital pain, often associated with complete involvement of the external ocular muscles innervated by the nerve. While the human and experimental animal literature is replete with studies on the peripheral nerves in diabetes mellitus, there is but a paucity of reported studies dealing with the oculomotor nerves and their associated extraocular muscles (EOMs).

scholarly journals When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Teny M. John ◽  
Ceena N. Jacob ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Certainty ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Perfect Storm

Mucormycosis (MCR) has been increasingly described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the epidemiological factors, presentation, diagnostic certainty, and outcome of such patients are not well described. We review the published COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAMCR) cases (total 41) to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. CAMCR was typically seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (94%) especially the ones with poorly controlled DM (67%) and severe or critical COVID-19 (95%). Its presentation was typical of MCR seen in diabetic patients (mostly rhino-orbital and rhino-orbital-cerebral presentation). In sharp contrast to reported COVID-associated aspergillosis (CAPA) cases, nearly all CAMCR infections were proven (93%). Treating physicians should have a high suspicion for CAMCR in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe COVID-19 presenting with rhino-orbital or rhino-cerebral syndromes. CAMR is the convergence of two storms, one of DM and the other of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus—A Risk Factor for Unfavourable Outcome in COVID-19 Patients—The Experience of an Infectious Diseases Regional Hospital

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Egidia Miftode ◽  
Larisa Miftode ◽  
Ioana Coman ◽  
Cristian Prepeliuc ◽  
Maria Obreja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Unfavourable Outcome ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Early research into the implications concerning the evolution of the infection caused by the new coronavirus in people with glucose metabolism dysfunction, in this case diabetics, shows that severe forms of the disease predominate in this risk category. Moreover, it seems that even in patients with normal glycaemic status, COVID-19 may predispose to the development of hyperglycaemia which modulates immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses, with direct effects on morbidity and mortality. Thus, taking into account these scientific data, as well as the increased frequency of diabetes in the general population, we aimed to assess the risk of an unfavourable outcome of diabetic patients, which is in a strong connection with the presence and severity of pulmonary disease such as interstitial pneumonia/bronchopneumonia, as well as the effectiveness of Tocilizumab administration. The results of our study indicate a three-fold higher risk of death in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 (RR = 3.03; IC95%: 2.37–3.86; p = 0.001),compared to nondiabetic patients, and the risk of developing severe forms of acute respiratory failure was 1.5 times higher in the first studied category. In conclusion, we can say that the diabetic diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection is more predisposed to immunological and organic dysfunctions that may ultimately result in death, and treatment with monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibodies was more effective in diabetic patients than non-diabetics (p < 0.05). The effectiveness of Tocilizumab was significant in both studied groups, but diabetic patients responded better to this therapy compared to non-diabetes-mellitus (DM) ones (76.7% vs. 35% p = 0.001).

scholarly journals Screening Strategy of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Suguru Mizuno ◽  
Yousuke Nakai ◽  
Kazunaga Ishigaki ◽  
Kei Saito ◽  
Hiroki Oyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
New Onset

The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PCa) is increasing worldwide and has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Screening for high risk populations is fundamental to overcome this intractable malignancy. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classically known as a risk factor for PCa. Recently the reverse causality is in the spotlight, that is to say, DM is considered to be a manifestation of PCa. Numbers of epidemiological studies clarified that new-onset DM (≤2-year duration) was predominant in PCa patients and the relative risk for PCa inversely correlated with duration of DM. Among patients with new-onset DM, elder onset, weight loss, and rapid exacerbation of glycemic control were reported to be promising risk factors and signs, and the model was developed by combining these factors. Several pilot studies disclosed the possible utility of biomarkers to discriminate PCa-associated DM from type 2 DM. However, there is no reliable biomarkers to be used in the practice. We previously reported the application of a multivariate index for PCa based on the profile of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) among diabetic patients. We are further investigating on the PFAA profile of PCa-associated DM, and it can be useful for developing the novel biomarker in the near future.

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