scholarly journals Utilisation of a community-based health facility in a low-income urban community in Ibadan, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji M. Adebayo ◽  
Michael C. Asuzu
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West

Background: Primary healthcare is established to ensure that people have access to health services through facilities located in their community. However, utilisation of health facilities in Nigeria remains low in many communities.Aim: To assess the utilisation of community-based health facility (CBHF) amongst adults in Ibadan, Nigeria.Settings: A low-income community in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a simple random sampling technique to select one adult per household in all 586 houses in the community. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and utilisation of the CBHF. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and association testing using the Chi-square test at p = 0.05.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 46.5 ± 16.0 years; 46.0% were men and 81.0% married; 26% had no formal education and 38.0% had secondary-level education and above; traders constituted 52.0% of the sample; and 85.2% were of low socioeconomic standing; 90%had patronised the CBHF. The main reasons for non-utilisation were preference for general hospitals (13.8%) and self-medication (12.1%). Respondents who had secondary education and above, were in a higher socioeconomic class, who had good knowledge of the facility and were satisfied with care, utilised the CBHF three months significantly more than their counterparts prior to the study (p < 0.05). However, only satisfaction with care was found to be a significant predictor of utilisation of the CBHF.Conclusion: The utilisation of the CBHF amongst adults in the study setting is high, driven mostly by satisfaction with the care received previously. Self-medication, promoted by uncontrolled access to drugs through pharmacies and patent medicine stores, threatens this high utilisation.

scholarly journals Attitude, Knowledge and Practice of Self-Medication Among the Students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Muzammila Akram ◽  
Sania Moin ◽  
Sabiha Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional

Self-medication is the usage of medicines to resolve self-identified health issues, and it is common in third world nations. The current study aimed to measure the attitude, knowledge and use of self-medication among the students of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan. To achieve the objective of this study, a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was applied. Using simple random sampling technique, 330 students were selected for data collection from the target population. Keeping in view the objectives and reviewing some relevant literature, a questionnaire was developed. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated through a pilot study. To analyze the data, the statistical package for social science (SPSS, version-22) was utilized. Overall, the majority of undergraduate students (87%) observed self-medication. It was found that the majority of students used medicines due to smooth accessibility of OTC drugs, prior prescriptions records, internet, publicity substances and advice from peers etc. The use of un-prescribed drugs by the students without consultation might cause severe side effects and produce lifelong health issues. Therefore, the study recommended that self-practice medication and availability of drugs without prescription should be discouraged. Moreover, Healthcare facilities should be provided to all the students, staff, and suppliers of the Islamia University of Bahawalpur.

scholarly journals Household willingness to adopt a single-stage solar-supported hyper-thermophilic anaerobic biogas digester in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Mbir Bryant ◽  
Abdul-Rahaman Afitiri
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
High Income ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Willingness To Adopt

Abstract Background Sustainability of energy is key for quality life; thus, the use of clean energy at the household level warrants moving from fossil-based energy to modern forms like biogas. However, the joint interactive effect of household income, biogas usage and willingness to adopt a single-stage solar-supported hyper-thermophilic anaerobic biogas digester (SSHTABD) is not known. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the willingness of residents of Elmina to adopt the SSHTABD. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 219 respondents fitted into a complementary log–log regression model. Results Household willingness to adopt the SSHTABD was 86%. Among them are households not willing to use biogas but have high income and households willing to use biogas but have either low or high income are more likely to adopt the technology compared to households not willing to use biogas and have low income. Households not willing to use biogas, but have high income (OR = 1.725, confidence interval [CI] 0.803–3.706) and households willing to use biogas, but have low income (OR = 1.877, CI 1.103–3.188) compared to households willing to use biogas and have high income (OR = 1.725, CI 1.080–3.451) are more likely to adopt the technology as households not willing to use biogas and have low income. Additionally, households employed under the formal government sector, formal and informal private sectors are 40%, 136% and 103%, respectively, more likely to adopt the technology than those unemployed. Conclusion The high willingness of households to adopt the technology calls for government to support households to own biogas digesters thus requires policy interventions and interdisciplinary research.

scholarly journals Effect of attending pregnant women’s conference on institutional delivery, Northwest Ethiopia: comparative cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melash Belachew Asresie ◽  
Gizachew Worku Dagnew
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Delivery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs

Abstract Background Institutional delivery is the cornerstone reducing maternal mortality. Community-based behavioral change interventions are increasing institutional delivery in developing countries. Yet, there is a dearth of information on the effect of attending pregnant women’s conferences in improving institutional delivery in Ethiopian. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the effect of attending pregnant women’s conference on institutional delivery, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among 871 women who gave birth within the last 12 months (435: pregnant women’s conference attendants and 436: pregnant women’s conference non-attendants). Participants were selected by using a multistage-simple random sampling technique and a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Both descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS V.23. A P-value less than or equal to 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was set to test statistical significance. Results Institutional delivery among women who attended pregnant women’s conferences was 54.3%, higher compared with 39.9% of women who didn’t attend the conference. Likewise, the level of well-preparedness for birth was higher among women who attended the conference (38.9%) compared with their counterparts (25.7%). Being knowledgeable on childbirth (AOR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.8) and postpartum danger signs (AOR = 14.0, 95%CI: 4.6, 40.0), and discussed with partners/families about the place of birth (AOR = 7.7, 95%CI: 3.6, 16.4) were more likely to institutional delivery among women who attended pregnant women’s conference. Whereas, among women who didn’t attend the pregnant women’s conference, being knowledgeable about pregnancy danger signs (AOR = 3.6, 95%CI: 1.6, 8.1) were more likely to institutional delivery. In addition, the nearest health facility within 1 h of walking and well-preparedness for birth and its complication were found positively associated with institutional delivery in both groups. Conclusion Institutional delivery was low in both groups compared to the national plan, but was higher among women who attended the conference. Similarly, women’s knowledge of obstetric danger signs and preparation for birth and its complication was higher among women who attended the conference. Therefore, encouraging women to attend the pregnant women’s conference and discuss with their families about the place of delivery should be strengthened.

Why Do Students Engage in Examination Malpractice? The University for Development Studies Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
John Dadzie Thompson ◽  
Gilbert Ansoglenang ◽  
Suuk Laar
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Any form of examination malpractice is unacceptable, fraudulent, and signifies an act of academic dishonesty with significant punitive consequences. This paper investigated the reasons why students engage in examination malpractice during examinations at the University for Development Studies (UDS). The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design for this research and targeted undergraduate students of the Tamale Campus of the UDS. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 278 out of a total student population of 6,729 for the study. They responded mainly to questionnaire and a few open ended questions to provide the needed data for analysis. The findings suggest that (i) smuggling of prepared notes on pieces of papers (foreign material) into the examination hall,(ii) writing of examination answers on palms, thighs and other body parts, and (iii) communication by seeking for answers from colleagues are the three topmost forms/methods students engage to cheat during examinations. The desire to obtain good grades just as the more intelligent students pushes some students to cheat during examinations. The introduction of scanners and e-search software, the spacing of sitting arrangements, installation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras in large examination halls may help curb cheating.

scholarly journals Double burden of malnutrition among school-aged children and adolescents: evidence from a community-based cross-sectional survey in two Nigerian States

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Adeleye Adeomi ◽  
Adesegun Fatusi ◽  
Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Background: Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is the co-existence of overweight/obesity and undernutrition. Rising prevalence rates of childhood overweight/obesity in Nigeria have been reported, whilst undernutrition continues to be prevalent. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and distribution of underweight, stunting, thinness, overweight/obesity, and DBM among school-aged children and adolescents in two Nigerian States. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out in Osun and Gombe States. A total of 1,200 children aged 6 – 19 years were recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Weight, height and data on demographic, socio-economic, household/family characteristics of the children were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Nutritional status was calculated using the WHO 2007 reference values using BMI-for-age (thinness, overweight/obesity), height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight). DBM was described at the population and individual levels. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 11.6 ± 3.8 years. The overall prevalence rate of stunting was 34.9%, underweight was 13.5%, thinness was 10.3% and overweight/obese was 11.4% and 4.0% had individual level DBM, which typifies the DBM at individual and population levels. These rates differed significantly across demographic, socio-economic and household/family characteristics (p < 0.05). Gombe State, which is in the Northern part of Nigeria, had significantly higher burden of stunted, underweight and thin children than Osun State, while Osun State, in the Southern part of Nigeria, had a significantly higher burden of overweight/obesity. Conclusions: The study found evidence of DBM both at population and individual levels. The overall prevalence rates of stunting, underweight, thinness and overweight/obesity in this study were high, and they differed significantly across the demographic, socio-economic and household/family characteristics. There is the need for government and all other stakeholders to design nutritional educational programmes that will target both under- and over-nutrition among older children in the different contexts.

scholarly journals Exploring the Prevalence of Protective Measure Adoption in Mosques during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13927
Author(s):  
Choirul Amin ◽  
Priyono Priyono ◽  
Umrotun Umrotun ◽  
Maulida Fatkhiyah ◽  
Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Implementation Status

Muslims worship together more frequently than members of other religions. They pray in congregation at the mosque five times a day, causing the mosque to become a central hub for COVID-19 transmission. Therefore, the adoption of protective measures as a method of mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in mosques is vital. This study aims to account for the implementation status of protective measures in mosques in Surakarta City, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire sent to mosque caretakers as research participants. The mosques were chosen using a simple random sampling technique for a total sample of 247 mosques in Surakarta City. Participants were asked how often they implement the following protective measures in mosques, as recommended by the Majelis Ulama Indonesia: checking body temperature before entering the mosque, prayer distancing, carrying own prayer mat, wearing a mask when praying and no handshaking after prayer. The prevalence of the adoption of protective measures was revealed to be amongst 44.6% to 92.6%, with the lowest prevalence in checking body temperature before entering the mosque. Overall, only 33.7% of mosques implemented all protective measures. In mosques affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama and the small mosques, the prevalence of protective measures was lower than in mosques affiliated with Muhammadiyah and the large mosques, respectively, suggesting that it is crucial to develop targeted health messages for these groups. Finally, as religious communities remain active in congregational worship during the outbreak, the contradictions between medical and religious practices must be addressed in society for believers to adopt public health policies and for policymakers to comprehend the importance of religious observances.

scholarly journals Assessment of Awareness and Preventive Practice of Corona Virus (COVID-19) Among Communities; The Case of Kaffa Zone, South Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Getachew Roba Agegnew ◽  
Seyoum Robo Gebremariam ◽  
Abera Haile Adello ◽  
Yasin Abafita Abawari ◽  
Abiyot Mamo Mergia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Practice ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Participants

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and resultant coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have evolved into a pandemic, requiring persons around the world to attend to rapidly changing messages about public health and take immediate actions. Related to this, community’s awareness toward the preventive practice of coronavirus is assessed. Hence, the purpose of this was to investigate the awareness and preventive practice among communities. Cross-sectional survey design was conducted among 400 participants. Simple random sampling, technique particularly lottery method was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by using questionnaire and observation. After the data was collected, data entry and analysis were done using SPSS version 26. Hence, data gathered using questionnaire and observation was computed by using simple descriptive statistics (percentage and frequencies). Regarding awareness level of communities 61% of respondents aware that covid-19 transmits from victim by hand shaking and close contacts. And hence, 37.8% of participants aware that awareness creation was done by health organization service centers. And hence, the findings in this study revealed that community’s awareness was high on each specific aspect of COVID-19 among the study participants. Communities are not still totally pay attention to aware about COVID 19, crisis. According to finding in this research communities wash their hand in order to prevent covid-19 better than the previous. Kaffa zone as well as stakeholders should have to provide ample information for all communities including urban and rural societies to aware about COVID-19 and practice how to prevent. 

scholarly journals Effect of Community-Based Intervention (Pregnant Women’s Conference) on Institutional Delivery in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melash Belachew Asresie ◽  
Gizachew Worku Dagnew
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Institutional Delivery ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
The Government

Institutional delivery is the foundation for diminishing maternal mortality. Evidence showed that community-based behavioral change interventions are increasing institutional delivery in developing countries. By understanding this, the government of Ethiopia launched a community-based intervention called “pregnant women’s conferences” to improve institutional delivery. This study was conducted to assess its effectiveness on institutional delivery among 871 women who gave birth within the last 12 months (435: pregnant women’s conference attendants and 436: pregnant women’s conference non-attendants) in 2017. It was a community-based comparative cross-sectional study and participants were selected using a multistage-simple random sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The result showed that institutional delivery among women who attended pregnant women’s conferences was 54.3% (95%CI: 49.9–59.1), higher compared with 39.9% (95%CI: 35.3%- 44.7%) of women who did not attend the conference. Likewise, the level of well-preparedness for birth was higher among women who attended the conference (P = 38.9%, 95%CI: 33.8–43.7), compared with their counterparts (P = 25.7%, 95% CI: 22.2–29.4). Similarly, women’s knowledge of obstetric danger signs was higher among women who attended the conference. Therefore, encouraging pregnant women to attend the conference should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in Colombia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehidys Montiel ◽  
Lina M. Zuluaga ◽  
Daniel C. Aguirre ◽  
Cesar Segura ◽  
Alberto Tobon-Castaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Background The indigenous population is considered a highly susceptible group to malaria because individuals usually live in areas with high exposure to Anopheles and poverty, and have limited access to health services. There is a great diversity of indigenous communities in Colombia living in malaria-endemic areas; however, the burden of infection in these populations has not been studied extensively. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in two malaria-endemic areas in Colombia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in seven villages of Turbo and El Bagre municipalities; three of these villages were indigenous communities. Inhabitants of all ages willing to participate were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded as well as household information. The parasitological diagnosis was performed by microscopy and nested PCR. The prevalence of microscopy and submicroscopic infection was estimated. An adjusted GEE model was used to explore risk factors associated with the infection. Results Among 713 participants, 60.7% were from indigenous communities. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 30 subjects (4.2%, CI 95% 2.9-5.9); from those, 29 were in the indigenous population, 47% of infections were afebrile, and most of them submicroscopic (10/14). Microscopic and submicroscopic prevalence was 2.5% (CI 95% 1.6-3.9) and 1.7% (CI 95% 0.9-2.9), respectively. In El Bagre, all infections occurred in indigenous participants (3.9%, CI 95% 2.2-7.1), and 81% were submicroscopic. By contrast, in Turbo, the highest prevalence occurred in indigenous people (11.5%; CI 95%: 7.3-17.5), but 88.8% were microscopic. Living in an indigenous population increased the prevalence of infection compared with a non-indigenous population (PR 19.4; CI 95% 2.3-166.7). Conclusion There is a high proportion of Plasmodium infection in indigenous communities. A substantial proportion of asymptomatic and submicroscopic carriers were detected. The identification of these infections, not only in indigenous but also in the non-indigenous population, as well as their associated factors, could help to implement specific malaria strategies for each context.

scholarly journals Childhood Sanitation Practices and Incidence of Diarrhea in Slum Communities With Implications for Community-Based Education in Less Developed Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akpovire B Oduaran ◽  
Okechukwu Stephen Chukwudeh
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Based Education ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Slum Dwellers

Abstract Background Diarrhoea is a major cause of mortality among under-five children, especially in less developed countries. Previous studies on childhood diarrhoea have largely focused on biomedical methods with little attention given to community-based approach to reduce the prevalence of the disease in the slums, classified in literature among areas of high diarrhoea incidence. The key question is does childhood sanitation practices influence the incidence of diarrhea? This study, was therefore, designed to examine the association between childhood sanitation practices and incidence of diarrhea using community-based approach.Methods The value beliefs and planned behavior theories were adopted as framework, while cross-sectional survey was use to elicit data from 900 mothers of under-five children who had lived in the study locations for at least 12 months preceding the research and 10 In-depth interviews was conducted.Results There was a positive significant association between defecating with unimproved toilet facilities (χ2=42.167, p<0.05), cleaning buttocks with inappropriate materials (χ2=4.274, p<0.05), disposing faeces around household environments (χ2=10.542, p<0.05), and childhood diarrhea. The odds was higher among children whose mothers had no education (OR=1.560), widow (OR=5.542), poor (OR=1.556), and children that defecates with unhygienic toilet facilities (OR=7.806).Conclusion Community perceptions interact with poverty to influence unhygienic toilet practices in the slums. This has negative health implications on the lives of low-income and vulnerable slum dwellers. Thus, community-based education on improved sanitary practices is necessary to reduce diarrhoea prevalence.

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