scholarly journals A psychometric investigation into the cross validation of an adaptation of the Ghiselli Predictability Index in personnel selection

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Callie Theron ◽  
Deon Meiring
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Holdout Sample ◽  
Predictability Index ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Psychometric Investigation ◽  
Positive Results

Twigge, Theron, Steele and Meiring (2004) concluded that it is possible to develop a predictability index based on a concept originally proposed by Ghiselli (1956, 1960a, 1960b), which correlates with the real residuals derived from the regression of a criterion on one or more predictors. The addition of such a predictability index to the original regression model was found to produce a statistically significant increase in the correlation between the selection battery and the criterion. To be able to convincingly demonstrate the feasibility of enhancing selection utility through the use of predictability indices would, however, require the cross validation of the results obtained on a derivation sample on a holdout sample selected from the same population. The objective of this article consequently is to investigate the extent to which such a predictability index, developed on a validation sample, would successfully cross validate to a holdout sample. Encouragingly positive results were obtained. Recommendations for future research are made.

scholarly journals A psychometric investigation into the use of an adaptation of the Ghiselli Predictability Index in personnel selection

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesle Twigge ◽  
Callie Theron ◽  
Henry Steel ◽  
Deon Meiring
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity Coefficient ◽  
Predictability Index ◽  
Psychometric Investigation ◽  
Positive Results

The magnitudes of validity coefficients typically encountered in validation studies are disappointingly low. Validity coefficients typically fall below 0,50 and only very seldom reach values as high as 0,70. Numerous possibilities have been considered on how to affect an increase in the magnitude of the validity coefficient. A thought-provoking alternative to the usual multiple-regression based attempts may be found in the work of Ghiselli (1956, 1960a, 1960b). The objective of this article is to propose and evaluate a modification to the original Ghiselli procedure. Encouragingly positive results were obtained. Recommendations for future research are made. Opsomming Die grootte-orde van geldigheidskoëffisiënte wat tipies in validasiestudies gevind word is teleurstellend laag. Geldigheidskoëffisiënte neem as ’n reël waardes kleiner as 0,50 aan en bereik by wyse van hoë uitsondering waardes so hoog soos 0,70. Verskeie moontlikhede in terme waarvan ’n verhoging in die geldigheidskoëffisiënt te weeg gebring sou kon word, is reeds oorweeg. ’n Stimulerende alternatief tot die gebruiklike meervoudige regressie gebaseerde pogings is te vind in die werk van Ghiselli (1956, 1960a, 1960b). Die doelstelling van hierdie artikel is om ’n wysiging aan die oorspronklike Ghiselli-prosedure voor te stel en te evalueer. Bemoedigend positiewe resultate is gevind. Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing word gemaak.

Development of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body volume equation in Hispanic adults for administering a four-compartment model

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 1373-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett S. Nickerson ◽  
Michael V. Fedewa ◽  
Cherilyn N. McLester ◽  
John R. McLester ◽  
Michael R. Esco
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hispanic Females ◽  
Hispanic Adults ◽  
The Cross

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was: (1) to develop a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body volume (BV) equation with the GE-Lunar prodigy while utilising underwater weighing (UWW) as a criterion and (2) to cross-validate the novel DXA-derived BV equation (4C-DXANickerson), Wilson DXA-derived BV equation (4C-DXAWilson) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP)-derived BV (4C-ADP) in Hispanic adults. A total of 191 Hispanic adults (18–45 years) participated in the present study. The development sample consisted of 120 females and males (50 % females), whereas the cross-validation sample comprised of forty-one females and thirty males (n 71). Criterion body fat percentage (BF %) and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined using a four-compartment (4C) model with UWW as a criterion for BV (4C-UWW). 4C-DXANickerson, 4C-DXAWilson and 4C-ADP were compared against 4C-UWW in the cross-validation sample. 4C-DXANickerson, 4C-DXAWilson and 4C-ADP all produced similar validity statistics when compared with 4C-UWW in Hispanic males (all P > 0·05). 4C-DXANickerson also yielded similar BF % and FFM values as 4C-UWW when evaluating the mean differences (constant error (CE)) in Hispanic females (CE = –0·79 % and 0·38 kg; P = 0·060 and 0·174, respectively). However, 4C-DXAWilson produced significantly different BF % and FFM values (CE = 3·22 % and –2·20 kg, respectively; both P < 0·001). Additionally, 4C-DXAWilson yielded significant proportional bias when estimating BF % (P < 0·001), whereas 4C-ADP produced significant proportional bias for BF % and FFM (both P < 0·05) when evaluated in Hispanic females. The present study findings demonstrate that 4C-DXANickerson is a valid measure of BV in Hispanics and is recommended for use in clinics, where DXA is the main body composition assessment technique.

Development of a Creativity Scale for the Adjective Check List

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Smith ◽  
Charles E. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Check List ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Select Group ◽  
The Cross ◽  
And Control ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
General Creativity

Creativity scales for the Adjective Check List (ACL) were developed and cross-validated. First, through the use of item analyses, separate creativity scales were developed for each of 4 sex by specialty field groups in an initial sample of adolescents. Each of these scales successfully discriminated creative and control Ss in the cross-validation sample. Subsequently, 2 general creativity scales were formed from the data of the initial sample by selecting only those adjectives which differentiated creative and control Ss across sex and specialty field. The 2 general scales, an 8-item scale and a 27-item scale, also proved successful in discriminating creative and control Ss in the cross-validation sample. In general, the use of the ACL creativity scales developed in this study proved more effective in differentiating creative and control Ss than did a select group of currently available ACL scales. A comparison of the validity of these new creativity scales indicated that the 27-item scale appears to be most promising.

Northwestern Syntax Screening Test

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Ratusnik ◽  
Thomas M. Klee ◽  
Carol Melnick Ratusnik
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Test Items ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Total Test

The NSST was administered to 900 children aged three years to seven years, 11 months. Using a step-wise multiple regression model, the test was shortened from 20 to 11 test items receptively and expressively, while accounting for 95% of total test score variance. This shortened form, taking approximately 10 minutes to administer, was normed in six-month intervals as opposed to the one-year intervals of the original NSST. A cross validation sample of 301 children was used to demonstrate that comparable clinical decisions are made employing either form.

Development and Validation of a Regression Model to Estimate VO2peak from PACER 20-m Shuttle Run Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (s2) ◽  
pp. S34-S46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Mahar ◽  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
David A. Rowe ◽  
Dana J. Crotts ◽  
Kerry L. McIver
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background:The purpose of this study was to develop and cross-validate a regression model to estimate VO2peak from PACER performance in 12- to 14-year-old males and females.Methods:A sample of 135 participants had VO2peak measured during a maximal treadmill test and completed the PACER 20-m shuttle run. The sample was randomly split into validation (n = 90) and cross-validation (n = 45) samples. The validation sample was used to develop the regression equation to estimate VO2peak from PACER laps, gender, and body mass.Results:The multiple correlation (R) was .66 and standard error of estimate (SEE) was 6.38 ml·kg−1·min−1. Accuracy of the model was confirmed on the cross-validation sample. The regression equation developed on the total sample was: VO2peak = 47.438 + (PACER*0.142) + (Gender[m=1, f=0]*5.134) − (body mass [kg]*0.197), R = .65, SEE = 6.38 ml·kg–1·min–1.Conclusions:The model developed in this study was more accurate than the Leger et al. model and allows easy conversion of PACER laps to VO2peak.

The Effect of Internal Corporate Social Responsibility on Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study on Jordanian Pharmaceutical Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Sura Altheeb ◽  
Kholoud Sudqi Al-Louzi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results

The current research investigates the impact of internal corporate social responsibility on job satisfaction in Jordanian pharmaceutical companies. Quantitative research design and regression analysis were applied on a total of 302 valid returns that were obtained in a questionnaire based survey from 14 pharmaceutical companies among employees, supervisors and managers. The results showed that internal corporate social responsibility was significantly related to job satisfaction and three of its dimensions, namely working conditions, work life balance and empowerment contributed significantly to job satisfaction, whereas employment stability and skills development had no contribution. This study implies that Jordanian pharmaceutical companies have to try their best to promote and facilitate internal corporate social responsibility among their employees in an effort to improve their job satisfaction, which will eventually yield positive results for the company as a whole. In light of these results, the research presented many recommendations for future research; the most important ones were the application of this study in other sectors, cultures, and countries, and using of multi method for collecting data.

scholarly journals Ant Colony-Based Hyperparameter Optimisation in Total Variation Reconstruction in X-ray Computed Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Manasavee Lohvithee ◽  
Wenjuan Sun ◽  
Stephane Chretien ◽  
Manuchehr Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Hyperparameter Selection ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Optimal Set

In this paper, a computer-aided training method for hyperparameter selection of limited data X-ray computed tomography (XCT) reconstruction was proposed. The proposed method employed the ant colony optimisation (ACO) approach to assist in hyperparameter selection for the adaptive-weighted projection-controlled steepest descent (AwPCSD) algorithm, which is a total-variation (TV) based regularisation algorithm. During the implementation, there was a colony of artificial ants that swarm through the AwPCSD algorithm. Each ant chose a set of hyperparameters required for its iterative CT reconstruction and the correlation coefficient (CC) score was given for reconstructed images compared to the reference image. A colony of ants in one generation left a pheromone through its chosen path representing a choice of hyperparameters. Higher score means stronger pheromones/probabilities to attract more ants in the next generations. At the end of the implementation, the hyperparameter configuration with the highest score was chosen as an optimal set of hyperparameters. In the experimental results section, the reconstruction using hyperparameters from the proposed method was compared with results from three other cases: the conjugate gradient least square (CGLS), the AwPCSD algorithm using the set of arbitrary hyperparameters and the cross-validation method.The experiments showed that the results from the proposed method were superior to those of the CGLS algorithm and the AwPCSD algorithm using the set of arbitrary hyperparameters. Although the results of the ACO algorithm were slightly inferior to those of the cross-validation method as measured by the quantitative metrics, the ACO algorithm was over 10 times faster than cross—Validation. The optimal set of hyperparameters from the proposed method was also robust against an increase of noise in the data and can be applicable to different imaging samples with similar context. The ACO approach in the proposed method was able to identify optimal values of hyperparameters for a dataset and, as a result, produced a good quality reconstructed image from limited number of projection data. The proposed method in this work successfully solves a problem of hyperparameters selection, which is a major challenge in an implementation of TV based reconstruction algorithms.

More on The Structure of Male Role Norms

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann R. Fischer ◽  
David M. Tokar ◽  
Glenn E. Good ◽  
Andrea F. Snell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Masculinity Ideology ◽  
Male Role Norms ◽  
Role Norms ◽  
Best Fit

This study assessed the structure of a widely used measure of masculinity ideology, the Male Role Norms Scale (Thompson & Pleck, 1986), using data from four samples of male college students (total N= 656) at two large, public universities (one Midwestern, one Eastern-Central). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor model best fit the data in the exploratory sample (sample 1; N = 210). The four factors were Status/Rationality, Antifemininity, Tough Image, and Violent Toughness. A series of confirmatory factor analyses on a validation sample (samples 2, 3, and 4; N = 446), tested four models based on theory (i.e., Brannon, 1976) and previous research (i.e., Thompson & Pleck, 1986). Results from Study 1, our exploratory analysis, indicated that the four-factor model derived from the exploratory sample in Study 1 provided the best fit for the validation sample data of all models tested and also provided a good fit in absolute terms, according to several model–data fit indices. Implications for the assessment of masculinity ideology and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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