Periodontal heath in first trimester of pregnancy and birth weight outcomes

ABSTRACTTo assess whether treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, or major congenital anomalies, we conducted chart reviews and an analysis of electronic data from a cohort of women delivering at an urban New York State hospital. Of 2,829 singleton/mother pairs, 922 (32.6%) mothers were treated with metronidazole for clinical indications, 348 (12.3%) during the first trimester of pregnancy and 553 (19.5%) in the second or third trimester. There were 333 (11.8%) preterm births, 262 (9.3%) infants of low birth weight, and 52 infants (1.8%) with congenital anomalies. In multivariable analysis, no association was found between metronidazole treatment and preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.32]), low birth weight (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.43]), or treatment in the first trimester and congenital anomalies (OR, 0.86 [0.30 to 2.45]). We found no association between metronidazole treatment during the first or later trimesters of pregnancy and preterm birth, low birth weight, or congenital anomalies.

Download Full-text

Gestational metabolic syndrome and neonatal anthropometric indices: a prospective cohort study

British Journal of Midwifery ◽

10.12968/bjom.2021.29.7.386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 386-391

Author(s):

Zeinab Hatamian ◽

Lida Moghaddam-Banaem ◽

Samira Mokhlesi ◽

Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

First Trimester ◽

P Value ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Background and aim There is limited knowledge about the effect of maternal metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the anthropometric parameters of newborns. Therefore, the authors aimed to evaluate the association between MetS in the first trimester of pregnancy with weight and height of the newborn. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted on 455 pregnant women in Tehran during their first trimester of pregnancy. MetS was defined as the coexistence of three or more of the following criteria: fasting blood sugar (FBS) level ≥92 mg/dl, blood pressure ≥130.85 mm/hg, triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein ≤50 mg/dl, and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. All participants were followed up to childbirth. After birth, the baby's weight and height data were collected from the birth certificate. Results Linear regression analysis showed FBS (ß: 0.100, p-value: 0.038), BMI (ß: 0.139, p-value: 0.004), and MetS (ß: -0.122, p-value: 0.015) were significantly associated with birth weight but no statistically significant results were found for birth height. Conclusion MetS and some of its components in pregnancy can affect birth weight of neonates.

Download Full-text

Dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy353 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 729S-756S ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ramkripa Raghavan ◽

Carol Dreibelbis ◽

Brittany L Kingshipp ◽

Yat Ping Wong ◽

Barbara Abrams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽

Weight Outcomes ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

ABSTRACTBackgroundMaternal diet before and during pregnancy could influence fetal growth and birth outcomes.ObjectiveTwo systematic reviews aimed to assess the relationships between dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and 1) gestational age at birth and 2) gestational age- and sex-specific birth weight.MethodsLiterature was searched from January, 1980 to January, 2017 in 9 databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Two analysts independently screened articles using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from included articles and risk of bias was assessed. Data were synthesized qualitatively, a conclusion statement was drafted for each question, and evidence supporting each conclusion was graded.ResultsOf the 9103 studies identified, 11 [representing 7 cohorts and 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT)] were included for gestational age and 21 (representing 19 cohorts and 2 RCTs) were included for birth weight. Limited but consistent evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with a lower risk of preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth. These protective dietary patterns are higher in vegetables; fruits; whole grains; nuts, legumes, and seeds; and seafood (preterm birth, only), and lower in red and processed meats, and fried foods. Most of the research was conducted in healthy Caucasian women with access to health care. No conclusion can be drawn on the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight outcomes. Although research is available, the ability to draw a conclusion is restricted by inconsistency in study findings, inadequate adjustment of birth weight for gestational age and sex, and variation in study design, dietary assessment methodology, and adjustment for key confounding factors. Insufficient evidence exists regarding dietary patterns before pregnancy for both outcomes.ConclusionsMaternal dietary patterns may be associated with a lower preterm and spontaneous preterm birth risk. The association is unclear for birth weight outcomes.

Download Full-text

LABOR COURSE AND CONDITION OF NEWBORNS IN WOMEN WITH PLACENTAL DYSFUNCTION DUE TO GESTATIONAL ENDOTHELIOPATHY

World Science ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30092019/6704 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (9(49)) ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

V. V. Lazurenko ◽

I. B. Borzenko ◽

D. Yu. Tertyshnik

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

First Trimester ◽

Control Group ◽

Perinatal Complications ◽

Placental Dysfunction ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of placental dysfunction caused by gestational endotheliopathy on the course of labor and the condition of the newborn. The first group consisted of 70 patients with placental dysfunction with gestational endotheliopathy confirmed by laboratory-instrumental findings in the first trimester of pregnancy. The control group included 30 pregnant women with physiological gestational course. PD secondary to GE leads to preterm birth, fetal distress, increases the percentage of caesarean section, contributes to the delay of fetal growth and birth weight, poor infant status and perinatal complications.

Download Full-text

Association of the Common Cold in the First Trimester of Pregnancy With Birth Defects

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.92.4.559 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 559-563

Author(s):

Jun Zhang ◽

Wen-wei Cai

Keyword(s):

Birth Defects ◽

Common Cold ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

First Trimester ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Increased Risk ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

The Common ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

Objective. To examine the association between the common cold with or without fever in the first 3 months of pregnancy and birth defects in offspring. Design. A case-control study. Setting. Data are from the Shanghai Birth Defects Monitoring Program, conducted in 29 hospitals in Shanghai, China from October 1, 1986 to September 30, 1987. Subjects. A total of 986 birth defects cases, 990 frequency-matched live birth controls, and 159 stillbirth controls. Results. Modestly elevated risk of birth defects was identified among women who reported having a cold with or without fever in the first trimester of pregnancy. Notably increased relative risks were observed for anencephalus (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 7.7), spina bifida (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.7 to 9.7), hydrocephalus (OR = 2.3, 95 % CI = 1.1 to 5.1), cleft lip (OR = 2.2, 95 % CI = 1.4 to 3.4), and undescended testicle (OR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.0 to 3.0). Our study further found that the overall relative risks were consistent by using two different control groups, suggesting that this association was unlikely to be due to recall or report bias. Conclusion. Common cold in the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of birth defects in offspring. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Download Full-text

Aspirin Responsiveness at a Dose of 80 mg and Its Impact on Birth Weight when Used in Twin Pregnancies: The GAP Pilot Randomized Trial

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727215 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Carpentier ◽

Paul Guerby ◽

Bruno Camiré ◽

Sylvie Tapp ◽

Amélie Boutin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

First Trimester ◽

Multiple Gestation ◽

Double Blind ◽

Daily Dose ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

The Impact ◽

Twin Pregnancies

Objective Daily aspirin, started in the first trimester of pregnancy, is commonly used for the prevention of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in multiple gestation. However, the optimal dose remains controversial and the evidence for the use of aspirin in multiple pregnancies is scarce. We aimed to estimate the impact of 80 mg of aspirin in twin pregnancies. Study Design We performed a pilot double-blind randomized trial of women with twin pregnancies recruited between 8 and 14 weeks of gestation. Fifty participants (25 in each group) were randomized to 80 mg of aspirin daily at bedtime or a placebo from randomization until 36 weeks of gestation. Primary and secondary outcomes included the birth weight of live infants, preeclampsia, and aspirin responsiveness evaluated by a platelet aggregation test (platelet function assay [PFA]-100). Results All participants were followed until birth, including 48 and 47 live newborns in the aspirin and the placebo groups, respectively. The mean birth weight difference between the aspirin (2,385 ± 529 g) and placebo (2,224 ± 706 g) groups was of 179 g (95% confidence interval [CI]: −172–531 g, p = 0.32). We observed two (8%) cases of preeclampsia in the aspirin group and no case with placebo (p = 0.49). Most importantly,16 of 24 participants who received aspirin (67%; 95% CI: 45–84%) had a normal PFA-100 test at 22 to 23 weeks, including the two cases of preeclampsia, suggesting that the majority of the participants were nonresponsive to 80 mg of aspirin. Conclusion Our results suggest that the majority of women with twin pregnancies showed a lack of response to a daily dose of 80 mg of aspirin according to the PFA-100 test, compared with the expected 29% of nonresponsiveness in singleton pregnancies. A daily dose of 80 mg of aspirin is likely to be insufficient for the prevention of preeclampsia and other placenta-mediated complications in twin pregnancies. Key Points

Download Full-text

Ramadan fasting and newborn's birth weight in pregnant Muslim women in The Netherlands

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514002219 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (9) ◽

pp. 1503-1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ary I. Savitri ◽

Nasim Yadegari ◽

Julia Bakker ◽

Reyn J. G. van Ewijk ◽

Diederick E. Grobbee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Medical Records ◽

Muslim Women ◽

First Trimester ◽

Strict Adherence ◽

Ramadan Fasting ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Many Muslim women worldwide are pregnant during Ramadan and adhere to Ramadan fasting during pregnancy. In the present study, we determined whether maternal adherence to Ramadan fasting during pregnancy has an impact on the birth weight of the newborn, and whether the effects differed according to trimester in which Ramadan fasting took place. A prospective cohort study was conducted in 130 pregnant Muslim women who attended antenatal care in Amsterdam and Zaanstad, The Netherlands. Data on adherence to Ramadan fasting during pregnancy and demographics were self-reported by pregnant women, and the outcome of the newborn was retrieved from medical records after delivery. The results showed that half of all the women adhered to Ramadan fasting. With strict adherence to Ramadan fasting in pregnancy, the birth weight of newborns tended to be lower than that of newborns of non-fasting mothers, although this was not statistically significant ( − 198 g, 95 % CI − 447, 51, P= 0·12). Children of mothers who fasted in the first trimester of pregnancy were lighter at birth than those whose mothers had not fasted ( − 272 g, 95 % CI − 547, 3, P= 0·05). There were no differences in birth weight between children whose mothers had or had not fasted if Ramadan fasting had taken place later in pregnancy. Ramadan fasting during early pregnancy may lead to lower birth weight of newborns. These findings call for further confirmation in larger studies that should also investigate potential implications for perinatal and long-term morbidity and mortality.

Download Full-text

Household Air Pollution, Levels of Micronutrients and Heavy Metals in Cord and Maternal Blood, and Pregnancy Outcomes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15122891 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2891 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ganiyu Arinola ◽

Anindita Dutta ◽

Oluwafemi Oluwole ◽

Christopher Olopade

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

First Trimester ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Cooking with kerosene emits toxic pollutants that may impact pregnancy outcomes. Sixty-eight women in their first trimester of pregnancy, kerosene users (n = 42) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) users (n = 26), were followed until birth. Maternal and cord blood were collected immediately after birth. Levels of micronutrients and heavy metals were quantified. Pregnancy outcomes (gestation age (GA), birth weight (BW), and chest and head circumference) were also measured. Mean (± standard deviation (SD)) age of mothers in kerosene and LNG groups were similar (p = 0.734). Mean (±SD) BW of newborns of LNG users was significantly higher compared to newborns of kerosene users (3.43 ± 0.32 vs. 3.02 ± 0.43, p < 0.001). Mean GA (in weeks) was similar between the two groups (p = 0.532). Women in the kerosene group had significantly higher cord blood levels of zinc, lead, mercury, iodine and vitamin B6 and lower levels of folic acid compared to LNG users (p < 0.05). Newborns of kerosene users had reduced levels of zinc, lead, mercury, iodine, vitamins B6 and B12, folic acid, and homocysteine compared with LNG users (p < 0.05). Also, cooking with kerosene was significantly associated with reduced birth weight after adjusting for potential confounders (β ± standard error (SE) = −0.326 ± 0.155; p = 0.040). Smoke from kerosene stove was associated with reduced birth weight and micronutrients imbalance in mothers and newborns.

Download Full-text

OP38.01: Correlation of first trimester fetal crown-rump length and outcome of pregnancy and birth weight

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.8282 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (S1) ◽

pp. 161-161

Author(s):

H. Vafaei ◽

A. Hosseini ◽

Z. Zolghadri ◽

A. Samsami

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

First Trimester ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

Download Full-text

Particulate Air Pollution, Blood Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, and Telomere Length in Mothers in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Effects on Fetal Growth

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/5162905 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Iodice ◽

M. Hoxha ◽

L. Ferrari ◽

I. F. Carbone ◽

C. Anceschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Copy Number ◽

First Trimester ◽

Dna Copy Number ◽

Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Growing evidences have shown that particulate matter (PM) exposures during pregnancy are associated with impaired fetal development and adverse birth outcomes, possibly as a result of an exaggerated systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Telomere length (TL) is strongly linked to biological age and is impacted by oxidative stress. We hypothesized that PM exposure during different time windows in the first trimester of pregnancy influences both mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), an established biomarker for oxidative stress, and TL. Maternal blood TL and mtDNAcn were analysed in 199 healthy pregnant women recruited at the 11th week of pregnancy by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also examined whether maternal mtDNAcn and TL were associated with fetal growth outcomes measured at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy (fetal heart rate, FHR; crown-rump length, CRL; and nuchal translucency, NT) and at delivery (birth weight, length, head circumference). The possible modifying effect of prepregnancy maternal body mass index was evaluated. PM10 exposure during the first pregnancy trimester was associated with an increased maternal mtDNAcn and a reduced TL. As regards ultrasound fetal outcomes, both FHR and CRL were positively associated with PM2.5, whereas the association with FHR was confirmed only when examining PM10 exposure. PM10 was also associated with a reduced birth weight. While no association was found between mtDNAcn and CRL, we found a negative relationship between mtDNAcn and fetal CRL only in overweight women, whereas normal-weight women exhibited a positive, albeit nonsignificant, association. As abnormalities of growth in utero have been associated with postnatal childhood and adulthood onset diseases and as PM is a widespread pollutant relevant to the large majority of the human population and obesity a rising risk factor, our results, if confirmed in a larger population, might represent an important contribution towards the development of more targeted public health strategies.

Download Full-text