scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella isolates in a tertiary healthcare center

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Madhavan ◽  
Sobha Balakrishnan ◽  
Jayalakshmi Vasudevapanicker
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Stool Samples

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shigellosis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published data in the study area on the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and prevalence of Shigella species among diarrheagenic cases. Therefore, a retrospective analysis was done to find the Shigella serotypes, common age group affected, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shigella isolates in South Kerala METHODS: Stool samples collected from cases of dysentery and diarrhea from January 2011 to December 2016 were processed. Standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate, identify, and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Shigella isolates. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. RESULTS: Among 1585 stool samples, 48(3%) yielded Shigella . The most common serogroup isolated was Shigella sonnei (62.5%) followed by Shigella flexneri. Of 48 isolates, 44(91.6%) isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Over the 5-year period, the isolates show 100% resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole. Eight isolates were found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. The presence of Extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) was phenotypically confirmed in five isolates. CONCLUSION: Even though S. flexneri is the most common Shigella-causing diarrhea, S. sonnei was found to be the most important species responsible in our study. Multidrug resistance was common (91.6%) and the most common multidrug resistance profile was ampicillin-nalidixic acid-cotrimoxazole-ciprofloxacin. Regular monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility pattern including detection of beta lactamases should be done in all microbiology laboratories. Guidelines for therapy should be monitored and modified based on regional susceptibility reports.

Epidemiological fectors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella spp

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Alpa Patel ◽  
Nirmal Choraria
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Periodic Evaluation ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

serovars Typhi and Paratyphi are known to cause enteric fever. Multidrug resistance in and has emerged as a cause of concern. To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi () and obtained from blood culture.: All isolates obtained from blood cultures of clinically suspected cases of enteric fever coming to microbiology laboratory, Nirmal hospital, from January 2015 to September 2017 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using commercial antimicrobial disks chloramphenicol (30 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), azithromycin (15 μg), cotrimoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and ceftriaxone (30 μg). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines of respective year by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method.: Total 330 isolates of salmonella are there out of that 298 is . 32 are Salmonella para A, while 1 is of Salmonella para B. Enteric fever cases pick month are April, May, June and July. Sensitivity to first line drugs are > 80%, Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella (NARS) are 79%, while Multi drug resistant (resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole all three)Salmonella are 3%.: Periodic evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility pattern is necessary to see changing pattern of antibiotics. Evaluation of Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella and periodic evaluation of multi drug resistant Salmonella is also important as emergence of MDR strain is observed in our study.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella Isolates in Shree Birendra Hospital Chhauni

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Kunwar ◽  
Sabita Bhatta ◽  
Raina Chaudhary ◽  
Komal Raj Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Culture Positive

Objectives: This study was aimed to know the prevalence of Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: A total of 4619 febrile patients suspecting the cases of typhoid fever by clinician, attending at Shree Birendra hospital during May- November 2013 were subjected to culture. Blood sample (5ml) was collected from the suspected cases and inoculated immediately into 45ml of Brain heart infusion broth (BHI) and further processed for the identification of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates were determined by the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 4619 blood sample, 8.7% (n= 403) sample were culture positive. Among culture positive, 66.3%(n=267) cases were S. Typhi, 26.1% (n=105) cases were S. Paratyphi and 7.7% (n=31) were other than Salmonella isolates respectively. Out of 372 Salmonella isolates, most of the S. Typhi isolates i.e. 95.51%(n=255) and S. Paratyphi isolates i.e. 97.14%(n=102) are highly resistant to nalidixic acid. Most of these isolates were also found resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.Conclusion: Therefore, screening of nalidixic acid susceptibility might be done prior to prescribe the drug for the treatment of enteric fever.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Yersinia enterocolitica

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. RESTAINO ◽  
W. M. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns for Yersinia enterocolitica strains involving 10 different serotypes were analyzed and compared. All Y. enterocolitica were susceptible to colistin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin and doxycycline, whereas all isolates displayed resistance to penicillin G, methicillin (derivative of penicillin), novobiocin, and clindamycin. The antibiograms for the Y. enterocolitica isolates were in some instances related to the somatic serotypes, especially serotype 0:8 for which the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern displayed the greatest disparity. By eliminating the antibiograms for the four serotype 0:8 strains, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for atypical and typical strains were similar.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella in Selected Export Abattoirs, East Shewa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayneh Alemu ◽  
Fikru Regassa ◽  
Nigatu Kebede ◽  
Rozina Ambachew ◽  
Musse Girma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Stool

Abstract Background Salmonella is one of the major causes of zoonotic foodborne pathogens in the world, with increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains. In Ethiopia, the burden of Salmonella is still scarce in abattoirs. Objectives To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella in selected export abattoirs, East Shewa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to October 2020. A total of 345 samples were systematically included and out of which 150 carcass swabs (100 from goats and 50 from sheep carcass), 60 goat skin swabs, 60 knife swabs, and 75 human stool samples. The isolates were identified and characterized following standard bacteriological procedures and further confirmed by using Salmonella genus-specific primer by polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility for 14 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed using STATA version 14. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess significant differences among the abattoirs and type of samples. P-value < 0.05 was considered as indicative of a statistical significance difference. Results Out of 345 total samples, 21(6.08%) were positive for Salmonella. The specific prevalence of Salmonella in carcass, skin, and knife swabs were 10(6.67%), 7(11.67%), and 4(6.67%) respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence of Salmonella among export abattoirs, and types of samples (P > 0.05). Salmonella was not isolated from sheep carcass and human stool samples. Among the 21 molecular confirmed Salmonella isolates, 7(33.3%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent and 2(9.04%) of isolates were resistant to two antibiotics, tetracycline, and streptomycin. All the isolates were 100% susceptible to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, cephalothin, gentamycin, and ceftriaxone. Conclusion Samples harbored Salmonella have significant public health impacts and hinder export performance. Thus, hygienic standards throughout the food chain process, surveillance systems, and one health approach are essential methods to minimize risks associated with the consumption of contaminated carcasses. Surveillance programs of antimicrobial usage in animals and animal products are important to ensure consumer safety.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in paediatric diarrhoeal patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Shimu Saha ◽  
Sanya Tahmina Jhora ◽  
Tanjila Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Stool Samples

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) mediated infantile diarrhoea among children is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of EPEC strains isolated from children under 5 years of age was studied. Stool samples from 272 patients with diarrhoea were collected from two tertiary care hospitals. Out of 272 stool samples, 20 (7.35%) isolates were identified as EPEC on the basis of presence of bfpA gene detected by polymerase chain reaction and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on these EPEC strains by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the EPEC isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), nalidixic acid (95%) and tetracycline (95%) and were sensitive to ceftazidime (95%), cefotaxime (90%), ceftriaxone (95%), imipenem (100%) and levofloxacin (85%). Isolation of EPEC is of great importance since they are responsible for acute diarrhoeal diseases in large number of children under the age of five years. The high antimicrobial resistance observed in our study indicates indiscriminate or improper use of antimicrobials, besides the risks of self-medication.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2014; 8(1): 12-16

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella spp. Isolated from Patients Suspected of Acute Gastroenteritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bishal Basnet ◽  
Dhirendra Niroula ◽  
Jyoti Acharya ◽  
Shaila Basnyat
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Shigella Species

Shigellosis, an intestinal infection caused by Shigella species, is manifested by bloody diarrhea. Due to the surge in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella species, the control of shigellosis has been a big challenge. This study aims to determine the prevalence and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella species. During our study period of five months from April 2014 to August 2014 at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, a total of 653 stool samples were collected from the patients suspected of acute gastroenteritis. The standard microbiological procedure was followed for the isolation and identification of Shigella species. Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Shigella species was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. The study found 25(3.82%) cases were Shigella positive. Among them, 18(72%) were S. flexneri, 6(24%) were S. dysenteriae, and 1(4%) was S. sonnei. The patients in the age group 16-45 years were highly susceptible to infection as the higher proportion 16(64%) of Shigella species were isolated from this age group (p> 0.05). Shigella species were found to be highly susceptible to Cefotaxime (100%), a third-generation cephalosporin. Nalidixic acid, on the other hand, was the least effective antibiotic as 20(80%) of the Shigella isolates were resistant, followed by Ampicillin 18(72%), Cotrimoxazole 13(52%), and Ciprofloxacin 9(36%). A higher proportion of [10(40%)] of our study isolates were MDR. Our results show that Nalidixic acid, Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, and Ofloxacin cannot be used as empirical therapy for the treatment of Shigella infection as Shigella species were highly resistant to these antibiotics. So, for the MDR Shigella infection, we suggest third-generation cephalosporin as an option.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among clinically suspected children attending at Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A prospective study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adugna Fenta ◽  
Mulat Dagnew ◽  
Teshome Belachew ◽  
Setegn Eshetie
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Abstract Background Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. Understanding the characteristics of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a particular setting can provide evidence for appropriate management of cases. The aim of this study was to assess the bacterial profile of urinary tract infection, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors among clinically suspected children attending at Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February-April, 2019. A systematic sampling technique was employed. A mid-stream urine sample was inoculated on cystine lactose electrolyte deficient media and incubated for 24-48 hours.Sub culturing was done on Mac-Conkey and blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on Muller-Hinton agar. A binary logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent and independent factors.A p-value<0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 16.7% (95% CI 12.4-21.1). Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates were recovered with the rate of 44/50 (88%) and 6 (12%) respectively. Among Gram-negative isolates, E.coli (56%) was the predominant while S. saprophyticus(6%) wasprevalent among Gram-positive bacterial isolates.Overall, a high level of resistance to ampicillin, Augmentin, and tetracycline was observed with the rate of 100%, 68.16%, 65.91% respectively. About 66% of multidrug resistance was observed (95% CI 52-78). Having a history of urinary tract infection (P-0.003, AOR 1.86-22.15) and male uncircumcision(p-0.00, AOR 5.5-65.35) were the independent variables that associate for urinary tract infections. Conclusion The prevalence of urinary tract infection among children was high and considerably a high proportion of multidrug resistance was observed in the present study. This result will have a significant impact on selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

The Bacterial Profile And Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern Among Patients With Suspected Blood Stream Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Jilwatun-Noor ◽  
Golam Rob Mahmud ◽  
Firoza Sultana ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Mohsina Khatoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Blood Samples

Background: Blood stream infection cause by bacterial pathogens are common in Bangladesh and are often treated empirically. Knowledge of local antimicrobial activity profiles of the most common bacteria causing such infections are of great importance and may play a positive role in healthcare management.The aim of the study was to identify the bacterial pathogens causing bacteraemiaamong the patients of SylhetWomens Medical College,Bangladesh and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Method:This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to January 2020. A total of 2085 blood samples were studied for the etiological and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern .The blood cultures positive isolates were identified by Versa TREK automated blood culture machine. Further identification of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed using standard microbiological procedures. Result: Overall, 19.4% of the culture blood samples were positive and Gram positive bacteria were predominant throughout the study period. Staphylococci aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (55%) followed by Escherichia Coli (21%) and a high percentage of these isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Conclusion:This study reveals a significant prevalence of bacterial isolates in blood with multi drug resistance and it highlights the need for periodic surveillance of etiologic agent and antibiotic susceptibility to prevent further emergence and spread of resistant bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica, blood-stream isolates, among febrile children: a prospective study from Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyatam Khadka ◽  
Januka Thapaliya ◽  
Shovana Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
First Line ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract Background Still, in developing the children are being treated empirically and irrationally with accessible antibiotic without susceptibility testing and minimal lethal dose calculations, defying the probable MDR (multi-drug resistance) isolates. This study was undertaken in the febrile children to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica against commonly prescribed antibiotics. Method All isolates were identified by biotyping and serotyping standard protocols then tested against antibiotics by modified Kirby disk-diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of isolates were determined by agar dilution method and compared with disk diffusion results and on nalidixic-acid sensitive/resistant strains. Result Among 1815 enteric-fever-suspects, 90(4.9%) isolates of Salmonella enterica [serovar: 62(68.8%) Salmonella Typhi and 28 (31.1%) Salmonella Paratyphi A] were recovered. The incidence of infection was higher among male, age group 5 to 9, and patient from the out-patient department (OPD). On disk-diffusion test most isolates, were sensitive against first-line drugs, cephalosporins, and macrolides. However, against quinolone, a huge percentile i.e. 93.3%, of isolates were resistant [including 58 Typhi and 26 Paratyphi serovar], and nearly 14% against fluoroquinolones. When MIC breakpoint was adjusted 4µg/ml for azithromycin, ≥1 µg/ml for ciprofloxacin, 2µg/ml for ofloxacin, 8µg/ml for nalidixic acid, 1µg/ml for cefixime, higher sensitivity and specificity achieved while screening decreased susceptibility. Among tested antibiotics, low rate of resistant strain observed on MIC of azithromycin. Also, higher resistance against fluoroquinolones observed on NARS strain. Conclusion Higher susceptibility of Salmonella enterica to first-line drugs (the conventional antityphoidal drugs), third-generation cephalosporins, and azithromycin; advocates for its reconsideration in the implicated therapy. However, lower susceptibility against fluoroquinolones among nalidixic-acid resistant Salmonella (NARS) strain negates its empirical use in children. Keywords Enteric fever, Nepal, children, Salmonella enterica

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