A Postmodern Critique of Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication Research: Contesting Essentialism, Positivist Dualism, and Eurocentricity

Author(s):  
Rueyling Chuang
2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwititi S Agung ◽  
Yatri Indah

<div>Buku ini terdiri dari dua bagian yakni bagian pertama komunikasi lintas budaya (cross cultural communication) (KLB) dan bagian kedua komunikasi antar budaya (KAB) (intercultural communication) dengan masing-masing bagian diberi pengantar. Buku ini merupakan ringkasan dari dua bagian “Handbook of International and Intercultural Communication” yang disunting oleh William B Gudykunst dari California State University. Ditulis oleh berbagai ahli komunikasi antar budaya dengan beragam budaya dengan mereview hasil penelitian dan teori-teori yang berkaitan dengan KLA dan KLB, buku ini memang dirancang untuk kelas pasca sarjana.</div><div> </div><div>Walaupun dalam judul buku ini dibedakan dua istilah komunikasi lintas budaya (cross cultural communication) dan komunikasi antar budaya (intercultural communication), tetapi seringkali pembedaan itu tidaklah tegas. Komunikasi antar budaya mencakup studi-studi yang menghubungkan komunikasi dengan budaya termasuk di dalamnya komunikasi lintas budaya. Studi KLB ini berkembang dari studi-studi mengenai antropologi budaya yang mempelajari proses-proses komunikasi dalam berbagai ragam budaya yang berbeda (karya Edward T Hall seperti “The Silent Language”, “The Hidden Dimension” dan “Beyond Culture”).</div><div> </div><div>Sebagian besar penelitian KLB bersifat komparatif yakni membandingkan berbagai budaya terutama budaya nasional, walaupun banyak juga para peneleliti yang mengartikan budaya sebagai etnis, ras, komunikasi antara generasi, able-bodied/disabled communication. KLB penting dipelajari untuk memahami KAB, oleh karena itu urutan bagian buku ini diawali dengan bagian KLB selanjutnya KAB.</div><div> </div><div>KAB merupakan bidang penelitian yang baru berkembang pada tahun 70-an. Istilah KAB berasal dari karya Edward T Hall “The Silent Language” yang dipublikasikan 1959. Dan pada tahun 1970 pengajaran dan teks KAB mulai tersebar. Teori dalam bidang ini adalah teori integratif adaptasi antarbudaya dari Young Yung Kim dalam Human Communication Research pada tahun 1977 dan volume pertama kumpulan teori KAB adalah volume VII International and Intercultural Communication yang disunting oleh WGK pada tahun 1983 dan terbit hingga volume XIX yang semakin memfokuskan pada teori. Pada tahun 1983 hanya sedikit perspektif teori KLB/KAB dan dan teori-teori formal yang digunakan, tetapi pada tahun 1995 teori KLB/KAB semakin mapan dan beragam perspektif teoritisnya. Buku ini, memberikan ringkasan state of the art dari KLB dan KAB.</div><div> </div><div>Dalam mereview penulis akan meringkas isi bab-bab dalam buku tersebut, selanjutnya akan merefleksikannya dengan menganalis isi buku dengan memetakannya ke dalam paradigma yang relevan. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk membantu para peneliti berikutnya yang mempunyai minat untuk mengembangkan teori-teori KLB dan KAB agar dapat memahami metatheori teori-teori tersebut.</div><div> </div>


Author(s):  
Nargis - ◽  
Imtihan - Hanim

The different cultures, power distance could be the obstacle in intercultural communication. The aim of this research to identify the types of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice between British and American in the Leap Year movie. The researchers attempt to reveal kinds of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice between Declan as British and Anna as American for three days. This Qualitative research method analyses data of utterances and are classified into four types of Cross-Cultural Communication Style Choice. The result shows that there are 356 utterances of Anna and Declan. for three days. Anna has 204 utterances with 44,3 % direct style and indirect 5,8 %.. Declan uses 155 utterance with 37 % and 12 % indirect style. British tend to use more indirect styles in expressing their intention to save the interlocutor’s face.Meanwhile, American use direct styles to reveal their intentions as they belong to the high culture communication.Key words: across culture communication,direct style, indirectstyle


Author(s):  
Maite Soto-Sanfiel

Despite claims that “cinema is dead” or that it only interests nostalgic old-timers, statistics indicate a global increase in theater attendance. Not only is moviegoing still one of the favorite forms of entertainment, but it especially appeals to young people. Moreover, communication research seems to have neglected cinema, but the relationship between modern-day teenagers and the silver screen needs to be observed. This chapter reports the results of a cross-cultural study based on the uses and gratifications paradigm with youngsters from eight European countries. It presents their cinematographic uses and consumption, their motivations for going to the movies, and their preferences and conceptions regarding different movie traditions. The study also performs cross-cultural contrasts to reveal more about the impact of regional, national, and global forces on the psychological relationship between today’s teenagers and cinema.


Author(s):  
В.И. Казаренков ◽  
М.М. Карнелович

Проблема межкультурного взаимодействия приобретает особую актуальность в связи с процессом интернационализации высшего образования. В ситуации межличностного взаимодействия студенты — представители разных культур являются субъектами самопрезентации их этнической идентичности. В связи с высокой прикладной значимостью проблемы эффективного и толерантного взаимодействия студентов в условиях поликультурной образовательной среды была выдвинута и подвергнута эмпирической проверке гипотеза о связи этнической идентичности и самопрезентации студентов, являющихся представителями разных культурных групп — русской, белорусской, туркменской и индийской. Цель работы — эмпирически выявить специфические особенности взаимосвязи типа этнической идентичности и тактик самопрезентации у студентов разных культурных групп в межличностном взаимодействии. В исследовании определены содержание и направленность связи между типами этнической идентичности — позитивной, нигилистичной, индифферентной, фанатичной, эгоистичной — с защитными и ассертивными стратегиями самопредъявления студентов. Предлагается обзор программы тренинга самопрезентации, направленного на коррекцию неадаптивных способов самопредъявления и формирование эффективных стратегий самопрезентации студентов в межличностном взаимодействии с представителями иных культурных групп. Результаты исследования представляют интерес для специалистов в области кросс-культурной коммуникации, этнической психологии и психологии личности. The issue of intercultural communication is gaining relevance because of the process of higher education internationalization. In situations of interpersonal communication, students, representatives of different cultures, define themselves and their ethnic identity. The investigation of students’ efficient and tolerant interaction in the conditions of multicultural learning environments enables the authors of the research to put forward a hypothesis that students’ ethnic identity is closely related to their self-presentation in multicultural groups (Russian, Belorussian, Turkmen, and Indian). The aim of the research is to empirically single out some specific peculiarities of students’ ethnic identity and self-presentation strategies in interpersonal communication. The research defines the content and the interconnection between ethnic identity — positive, nihilist, indifferent, fanatical, selfish — and protective and assertive strategies of students’ self-presentation. The article presents an overview of a self-presentation training course aimed at the correction of nonadaptive means of self-presentation and the formation of efficient strategies of self-presentation in interpersonal communication with representatives of other cultural groups. The results of the research may be useful for specialists in the sphere of cross-cultural communication, ethnic psychology and personal psychology.


2014 ◽  
pp. 639-659
Author(s):  
Linda Jones

This chapter focuses on Google Wave, a new, emerging world-wide technology by Google that supports both synchronous and asynchronous communication. Research on this technology took place during two sessions of an advanced second language (L2) technology course whereby synchronous conversations in Google Wave were compared to synchronous conversations in Blackboard chat rooms. Students experienced both forms of technology while discussing cross-cultural and pedagogical discussions relevant to L2 learning. Structural comparisons in terms of message length, message turns, numbers of words, and clarification revealed that students were more patient and wrote lengthier, more complex posts when conversing in Google Wave as compared to the chat room. Students’ impressions further confirmed their awareness of writing and reflecting more within Google Wave. These results suggest that Google Wave will support flexible, innovative learning and will provide researchers with multiple opportunities for expanding our understanding of students’ interactions in synchronous environments.


Author(s):  
Marohang Limbu

This chapter explores how the concept of literacy, digital literacy, and global literacy is shifting; how technologies (YouTube, Facebook, Skype, blogs, vlogs, and Google Hangouts) and digital literacies facilitate cross-cultural and intercultural communication and global cultural understandings; how technologies engage global citizens to share, collaborate, cooperate, and create their narratives; and how people become able to address local and global socio-cultural and political issues through various global digital engagements. Finally, this chapter investigates how knowledge is produced, disseminated, and consumed across global cultures in digital contexts.


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