scholarly journals Computational and in vitro Investigation of miRNA-Gene Regulations in Retinoblastoma Pathogenesis: miRNA Mimics Strategy

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. BBI.S21742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini Venkatesan ◽  
Perinkulam Ravi Deepa ◽  
Vikas Khetan ◽  
Subramanian Krishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Mirna Gene ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Mirna Mimic ◽  
In Vitro Investigation

Purpose Retinoblastoma (RB), a primary pediatric intraocular tumor, arises from primitive retinal layers. Several novel molecular strategies are being developed for the clinical management of RB. miRNAs are known to regulate cancer-relevant biological processes. Here, the role of selected miRNAs, namely, miR-532-5p and miR-486-3p, has been analyzed for potential therapeutic targeting in RB. Methods A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the posttranscriptional regulators (miRNAs) of the select panel of genes [Group 1: oncogenes (HMGA2, MYCN, SYK, FASN); Group 2: cancer stem cell markers (TACSTD, ABCG2, CD133, CD44, CD24) and Group 3: cell cycle regulatory proteins (p53, MDM2)] using Microcosm, DIANALAB, miRBase v 18, and REFSEQ database, and RNA hybrid. The expressions of five miRNAs, namely, miR-146b-5p, miR-532-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-328, and miR-486-3p, were analyzed by qRT-PCR on primary RB tumor samples (n = 30; including 17 invasive RB tumors and 13 noninvasive RB tumors). Detailed complementary alignment between 5’ seed sequence of differentially expressed miRNAs and the sequence of target genes was determined. Based on minimum energy level and piCTAR scores, the gene targets were selected. Functional roles of these miRNA clusters were studied by using mimics in cultured RB (Y79, Weri Rb-1) cells in vitro. The gene targets (SYK and FASN) of the studied miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation and apoptotic studies were performed. Results Nearly 1948 miRNAs were identified in the in silico analysis, From this list, only 9 upregulated miRNAs (miR-146b-5p, miR-305, miR-663b, miR-299, miR-532-5p, miR-892b, miR-501, miR-142-5p, and miR-513b) and 10 downregulated miRNAs (miR-1254, miR-328, miR-133a, miR-1287, miR-1299, miR-375, miR-486-3p, miR-720, miR-98, and miR-122*) were found to be common with the RB serum miRNA profile. Downregulation of five miRNAs (miR-146b-5p, miR-532-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-328, and miR-486-3p) was confirmed experimentally. Predicted common oncogene targets (SYK and FASN) of miR-486-3p and miR-532-5p were evaluated for their mRNA and protein expression in these miRNA mimic-treated RB cells. Experimental overexpression of these miRNAs mediated apoptotic cell death without significantly altering the cell cycle in RB cells. Conclusion Key miRNAs in RB pathogenesis were identified by an in silico approach. Downregulation of miR-486-3p and miR-532-5p in primary retinoblastoma tissues implicates their role in tumorigenesis. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of these miRNA was established by the miRNA mimic strategy.

scholarly journals SDF-1α/MicroRNA-134 Axis Regulates Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Growth via Targeting VEGFA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Yuanjian Fang ◽  
Yunxiang Zhou ◽  
Xiaoming Guo ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

BackgroundNonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (NF-PitNET) is difficult to resect. Except for surgery, there is no effective treatment for NF-PitNET. MicroRNA-134 (miR-134) has been reported to inhibit proliferation and invasion ability of tumor cells. Herein, the mechanism underlying the effect of miR-134 on alleviating NF-PitNET tumor cells growth is explored.MethodsMouse pituitary αT3-1 cells were transfected with miR-134 mimics and inhibitor, followed by treatment with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in vitro. MiR-134 expression level: we used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of miR-134. Cell behavior level: cell viability and invasion ability were assessed using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay and Transwell invasion assay respectively. Cytomolecular level: tumor cell proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 staining; propidium iodide (PI) staining analyzed the effect of miR-134 on cell cycle arrest; western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining evaluated tumor migration and invasive ability. Additionally, we collected 27 NF-PitNET tumor specimens and related clinical data. The specimens were subjected to qRT-PCR to obtain the relative miR-134 expression level of each specimen; linear regression analysis was used to analyze the miR-134 expression level in tumor specimens and the age of the NF-PitNET population, gender, tumor invasion, prognosis, and other indicators.ResultsIn vitro experiment, miR-134 was observed to significantly inhibit αT3-1 cells proliferation characterized by inhibited cell viability and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase (P < 0.01). VEGFA was verified as a target of miR-134. Additionally, miR-134-induced inhibition of αT3-1 cell proliferation and invasion was attenuated by SDF-1α and VEGFA overexpression (P < 0.01). In primary NF-PitNET tumor analysis, miR-134 expression level was negatively correlated with tumor invasion (P = 0.003).ConclusionThe regulation of the SDF-1α/miR-134/VEGFA axis represents a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of NF-PitNETs and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NF-PitNETs.

In Vitro Investigation on Behavior of Pyriproxyfen Binding onto Bovine Serum Albumin by Mean of Various Spectroscopic Methodologies and In Silico

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (40) ◽  
pp. 11626-11635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia‐Fei Feng ◽  
Meng Wu ◽  
Bao‐Li Wang ◽  
Song‐Bo Kou ◽  
Zhen‐Yi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
In Vitro Investigation

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Screening, ADME and Molecular Docking Studies of 2-Phenyl Quinoline-4-Carboxamide Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raghurama Shetty ◽  
G. Shivaraja ◽  
G. Krishnaswamy ◽  
K. Pruthviraj ◽  
Vivek Chandra Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Molecular Docking Studies ◽  
In Vitro Investigation

In this work, some 2-phenyl quinoline-4-carboxamide derivatives (5a-j) were synthesized via base catalyzed Pfitzinger reaction of isatin and acetophenone followed by C-N coupling reaction using POCl3 and assessed them for their in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The structure of newly synthesized compound were established by FT-IR, 1H & 13C NMR and Mass spectrometric analysis. The synthesized carboxamides were subjected to preliminary in vitro antibacterial activity as well as for antifungal activity. Results of antibacterial activity were compared with standard antibacterial (ciprofloxocin) and antifungal (fluconozole). Among the tested compounds, 5d, 5f and 5h exhibited promising activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 10 to 25 mm. Further, the anticancer activity determined using MTT assay against two cancer cell lines. Compounds 5b, 5d, 5f and 5h showed good anticancer activity among all the other derivatives. In order to correlate the in vitro results, in silico ADME and Molecular docking studies were carried out for (5a-j). ADME properties results showed that all the compounds obey rule of Five rule except 5a, 5e and 5g compound. Molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds showed good binding affinity through hydrogen bond interactions with key residues on active sites as well as neighboring residues within the active site of chosen target proteins viz. antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. Comparison of both results of in silico as well as in vitro investigation suggests that the synthesized compounds may act as potential antimicrobial as well as anticancer agents.

Drug repurposing for chronic myeloid leukemia: in silico and in vitro investigation of DrugBank database for allosteric Bcr-Abl inhibitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1833-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Hsin-Huei Chang ◽  
Ching-Chuan Kuo ◽  
Hui-Yi Shiao ◽  
Hsing-Pang Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Drugbank Database

NCI in vitro and in silico anticancer screen, cell cycle pertubation and apoptosis-inducing potential of new acylated, benzylidene and isopropylidene derivatives of andrographolide

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charng Choon Wong ◽  
Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu ◽  
Shariful Hasan Sumon ◽  
Shiran Mohamad Sidik ◽  
Roger Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Isopropylidene Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Evaluation of 2-Thioxoimadazolidin-4-One Derivatives as Potent Anti-Cancer Agents through Apoptosis Induction and Antioxidant Activation: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Nafie ◽  
Ahmed I. Khodair ◽  
Hebat Allah Y. Hassan ◽  
Noha M. Abd El-Fadeal ◽  
Hanin A. Bogari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ic50 Values

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most widespread malignancies and is reported as the fourth most prevalent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the probable mechanistic cytotoxic effect of the promising 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivative on liver cancer cells using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The compounds were tested for the in vitro cytotoxic activity using MTT assay, and the promising compound was tested in colony forming unit assay, flow cytometric analysis, RT-PCR, Western blotting, in vivo using SEC-carcinoma and in silico to highlight the virtual mechanism of action. Both compounds 4 and 2 performed cytotoxic effects against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 0.017 and 0.18 μM, respectively, compared to Staurosporine and 5-Fu as reference drugs with IC50 values of 5.07 and 5.18 µM, respectively. Compound 4 treatment revealed apoptosis induction by 19.35-fold (11.42% compared to 0.59% in control), arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Moreover, studying gene expression that plays critical roles in cell cycle and apoptosis by RT-PCR demonstrated that compound 4 enhances the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes p53, PUMA, and Caspase 3, 8, and 9, and impedes the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene in the HepG2 cells. It can also inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway at both gene and protein levels, which was reinforced by the in silico predictions of the molecular docking simulations towards the PI3K/AKT proteins. Finally, in vivo study verified that compound 4 has a promising anti-cancer activity through activating antioxidant levels (CAT, SOD and GSH) and ameliorating hematological, biochemical, and histopathological findings.

scholarly journals Adenovirus infection promotes the formation of glioma stem cells by glioblastoma cells through the TLR9/NEAT1/STAT3 pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zang ◽  
Min-hua Zheng ◽  
Xiu-li Cao ◽  
Yi-zhe Zhang ◽  
Yu-fei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Glioma Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Stat3 Signaling

Abstract BackgroundGlioma stem cells (GSCs) are glioma cells with stemness and are responsible for a variety of malignant behaviors of glioma. Evidence has shown that signals from tumor microenvironment (TME) enhance stemness of glioma cells, but the identity of the signaling molecules and underlying mechanisms have been incompletely elucidated.MethodsHuman samples and glioma cell lines were cultured in vitro to determine the effects of viral infection by sphere formation, qRT-PCR, Western blot, FACS and immunofluorescence; for in vivo analysis, mice subcutaneous tumor model was carried; while bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR were applied for further mechanistic studies.ResultsIn this study, we show that infection of patient-derived glioma cells with adenovirus (ADV) increases the formation of tumor spheres. ADV infection upregulated stem cell markers, and the resultant tumor spheres held the capacities of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation, and had stronger potential to form xenograft tumors in immune-compromised mice. ADV promoted GSC formation likely via TLR9, because TLR9 was upregulated after ADV infection, and knockdown of TLR9 reduced ADV-induced GSCs. Consistently, MYD88, as well as total STAT3 and phosphorylated (p-)STAT3, were also upregulated in ADV-induced GSCs. Knockdown of MYD88 or pharmaceutical inhibition of STAT3 attenuated stemness of ADV-induced GSCs. Moreover, we found that ADV infection upregulated lncRNA NEAT1, which is downstream to TLRs and play important roles in cancer stem cells via multiple mechanisms including strengthening STAT3 signaling. Indeed, knockdown of NEAT1 impaired stemness of ADV-induced GSCs. Lastly, we show that HMGB1, a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that also triggers TLR signaling, upregulated stemness markers in glioma cells.ConclusionsIn summary, our data indicate that ADV, which has been developed as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic virus, promotes the formation of GSCs via TLR9/NEAT1/STAT3 signaling.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Senna velutina Roots: Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Effects, and B16F10-Nex2 Melanoma Cell Death Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tsuyoshi Hiramatsu Castro ◽  
Jaqueline Ferreira Campos ◽  
Marcio José Damião ◽  
Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato ◽  
Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Cycle Arrest

Cutaneous melanoma is among the most aggressive types of cancer, and its rate of occurrence increases every year. Current pharmacological treatments for melanoma are not completely effective, requiring the identification of new drugs. As an alternative, plant-derived natural compounds are described as promising sources of new anticancer drugs. In this context, the objectives of this study were to identify the chemical composition of the ethanolic extract of Senna velutina roots (ESVR), to assess its in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects on melanoma cells, and to characterize its mechanisms of action. For these purposes, the chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The in vitro activity of the extract was assessed in the B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cell line using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and based on the apoptotic cell count; DNA fragmentation; necrostatin-1 inhibition; intracellular calcium, pan-caspase, and caspase-3 activation; reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and cell cycle arrest. The in vivo activity of the extract was assessed in models of tumor volume progression and pulmonary nodule formation in C57Bl/6 mice. The chemical composition results showed that ESVR contains flavonoid derivatives of the catechin, anthraquinone, and piceatannol groups. The extract reduced B16F10-Nex2 cell viability and promoted apoptotic cell death as well as caspase-3 activation, with increased intracellular calcium and ROS levels as well as cell cycle arrest at the sub-G0/G1 phase. In vivo, the tumor volume progression and pulmonary metastasis of ESVR-treated mice decreased over 50%. Combined, these results show that ESVR had in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects, predominantly by apoptosis, thus demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of melanoma and other types of cancer.

In Silico and In Vitro Investigation of the Antifungal Activity of Isoeugenol against Penicillium citrinum

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (25) ◽  
pp. 2186-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sávio Benvindo Ferreira ◽  
Tassiana Barbosa Dantas ◽  
Daniele de Figuerêdo Silva ◽  
Paula Benvindo Ferreira ◽  
Thamara Rodrigues de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Pass Online

Introduction: This increase in the prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens occurs at a time when the discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents occur slowly. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of isoeugenol, a phenylpropanoid, by in vitro and in silico assays against Penicillium citrinum strains. Material and Method: For in silico analysis, the software PASS online, Molinspiration and Osíris were used. For the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentration (MFC) of isoeugenol and voriconazole were carried out using the broth microdilution technique. PASS online has shown that isoeugenol has the opportunity to present antiseptic, antifungal, antibacterial, antimycobacterial activities. Molinspiration showed that the phytoconstituent has good potential for oral bioavailability. Conclusion: In the analysis with the Osiris program, it was demonstrated that isoeugenol has low irritant and tumorigenic risk. The MIC of isoeugenol varied between 256 and 32 µg/mL, MIC50 of 64 µg/mL and MIC90 was 128 µg/mL. The MFC50, MFC90 and MFC of the isoeugenol for P. citrinum species were 64, 256 and 518 μg/mL, respectively. After analysis, it was verified that the isoeugenol have bactericidal effect against the strains of P. citrinum. After these results, it is important to discover the mechanism of action involved in the antifungal action of the compound, as well as in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests.

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