Long-Term Effects of Childhood Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Health During Adulthood

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Norwegian health department Background The evidence of the long-term effects of multiple lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk is uncertain. We aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Methods Eligible trials investigated the impact of lifestyle intervention versus usual care with minimum 24 months follow-up, reporting more than one major cardiovascular risk factor. A literature search updated April 15, 2020 identified 12 eligible studies. The results from individual trials were combined using fixed and random effect models, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) to estimate effect sizes. Small-study effect was evaluated, and heterogeneity between studies examined by subgroup and meta-regression analyses considering patient- and study-level variables. Results Small-study effect was not identified. Lifestyle intervention reduced systolic blood pressure modestly with an estimated SMD of -0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.21 to -0.04, with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 59%), corresponding to a mean difference of approximately 2 mmHg (MD = -1.86, 95% CI: -3.14 to -0.57, p = 0.0046). This effect disappeared in the subgroup of trials judged at low risk of bias (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.11). For the outcome total cholesterol SMD was -0.06, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.00, with no heterogeneity (I² = 0%), indicating no effect of the intervention. Conclusion Lifestyle intervention resulted in only a modest effect on systolic blood pressure and no effect on total cholesterol after 24 months. Further lifestyle trials should consider the challenge of maintaining larger long-term benefits to ensure impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

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Long-Term Effects of Dietary .ALPHA.-Linolenic Acid from Perilla Oil on Serum Fatty Acids Composition and on the Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Japanese Elderly Subjects.

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ◽

10.3177/jnsv.45.759 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 759-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Osamu EZAKI ◽

Mayumi TAKAHASHI ◽

Takashi SHIGEMATSU ◽

Kyoko SHIMAMURA ◽

Junji KIMURA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Fatty Acids Composition ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Japanese Elderly

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The long-term effects of modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors of stroke

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 4626

Author(s):

Khaled M. Hassan ◽

Asala M. Wafa ◽

Manea S. Alosaimi ◽

Kawthar A. Bokari ◽

Mosab A. Alsobhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Arabian Peninsula ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

The Third ◽

The World

Stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease causes high mortality and morbidity in people around the world. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability. The largest country in the middle East, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has been occupying approximately four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 28 million. Stroke is getting to be a quickly expanding issue and is the leading cause of illness and deaths in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that researches and studies regarding the incidence, prevalence and their sociodemographic properties of stroke is still incomplete due to lack of present studies being conducted in these specified areas. This article aims to discuss the aspect of stroke in Saudi Arabia beside the effects of modifiable and the non-modifiable risk factors from the literature published.

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Long-Term Effects of Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemic Patients with NIDDM and Additional Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-2007-979948 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 27 (05) ◽

pp. 239-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. Kazumi ◽

G. Yoshino ◽

A. Ohki ◽

K. Matsuba ◽

T. Ino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

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Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Korean Americans: A Systematic Review

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773818793602 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 84-96

Author(s):

Cha-Nam Shin ◽

Colleen Keller ◽

Jeongha Sim ◽

Eun-Ok Im ◽

Michael Belyea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Korean Americans ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Future Research ◽

Long Term Effects

This systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature that described the cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of interventions aimed at cardiovascular risk reduction in Korean Americans. We searched multiple electronic databases for studies published between January 2000 and August 2017 and identified 14 eligible research reports. All reviewed studies targeted first-generation Korean American adults. Most of the reviewed studies incorporated components of surface structure, and leveraged deep structure in those interventions. Significant changes in cardiovascular health outcomes were reported in most of the reviewed studies; however, the role of cultural factors in the outcomes was rarely evaluated, and few reported long-term effects. Future research needs to consider long-term effects. Deploying cultural factors and evaluating their contributions to the target outcomes will enhance the research on cardiovascular health disparities.

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The obese patient (metabolic syndrome)

10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0168 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Maarit Korkeila ◽

Bengt Lindholm ◽

Peter Stenvinkel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Reverse Epidemiology ◽

Increased Risk

Overweight and obesity cause pathophysiological changes in renal function and increase the risk for chronic kidney disease in otherwise healthy subjects. This should not be a surprise as the risk factors for metabolic syndrome largely overlap with those for chronic kidney disease. Intentional weight loss has beneficial effects on risk factors, but long term effects are less clear. Bariatric surgery does seem to achieve rapid benefits on blood pressure and proteinuria as well as on other aspects of metabolic syndrome, but its long term implications for kidney function are less clear cut as there may be an increased risk of nephrolithiasis, and possibly AKI and other complications.Obesity in haemodialysis patients is one of those paradoxical examples of reverse epidemiology where a factor associated with negative outcomes in the general population is associated with better outcomes in dialysis patients. The same is true for high blood cholesterol values. Interpretation is complicated by complex competing outcomes and confounders.

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