SIGNIFICANCE OF PROCESSING WHEAT-GERM MEAL FOR GROWING CHICKS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. G. Cave ◽  
S. J. Slinger ◽  
J. D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Steam Processing ◽  
Fat Digestibility

The effect of steam processing on raw wheat-germ meal (WGM) was investigated with chicks; both autoclaving and steam pelleting enhanced the nutritive value of WGM.When a ration containing 33% autoclaved WGM was fed, weight gain and feed efficiency were higher than values for control groups fed raw WGM; metabolizable energy (ME) and fat digestibility were increased but nitrogen retention was unchanged.An experiment in which autoclaved WGM and methionine-supplemented soybean meal were compared at four dietary levels of protein showed that weight gains of chicks fed WGM were at least as great as those of chicks fed soybean meal.Steam-pelleted rations containing 50% WGM were compared with identical but unprocessed rations; weight gains and feed efficiency were significantly greater for chicks fed steam-pelleted rations. The metabolizable energy, fat digestibility and nitrogen retention were increased.

Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-722
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARYIndonesian Ongole and swamp buffalo bulls that had previously been given 0, 1·2, 2·4, 3·6 or 4·8 kg/head/day rice bran plus ad libitum elephant grass were slaughtered after 161 days feeding. Abdominal depot fat, full and empty reticulo-rumen and cold carcass weights were recorded. Various carcass variables were measured and the 9–10–11 rib joints were dissected into bone, muscle and fat. Carcass gross energy was calculated from rib-fat content using previously determined regression equations. Feed efficiency was expressed in terms of the ratios of live-weight gain or carcass-energy accretion to metabolizable energy available for growth.Increasing supplementation with rice bran resulted in larger abdominal fat depots, higher dressing percentages, increased carcass fatness (and hence carcass gross energy) and improved rib muscle to bone ratios. Carcass conformation was unaffected by dietary treatment. When feed efficiency was expressed per unit live-weight gain, there was a decrease with increasing rice-bran feeding. Feed efficiency, expressed per unit of carcass energy accretion, improved with rice-bran supplementation and was generally higher in buffalo than in Ongole bulls. Dietary and species differences in feed efficiency could be primarily explained by the differential energy cost of deposition of, and the availability of energy from, carcass protein and lipid.

The nutritive value for ruminants of a complete processed diet based on barley straw

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Wainman ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
J. D. Pullar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Agricultural Research Council

SUMMARYCalorimetric experiments were made with a complete extruded diet for ruminants, ‘Ruminant Diet A’ prepared by Messrs U.K. Compound Feeds Ltd. Twelve determinations of energy and nitrogen retention were made using sheep and it was found that the diet had a metabolizable energy value of 2–32 kcal/g organic matter, and the net availabilities of its metabolizable energy were 42–7 % for fattening and 68–0 % for maintenance. These values agreed well with those predicted from equations published by the Agricultural Research Council. On a dry basis the starch equivalent was 38–3 %.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RAPESEED FLOUR FOR MINK: EFFECTS ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, THYROID FUNCTION AND PELT QUALITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BELZILE ◽  
L. S. POLIQUIN ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial for testing the replacement value of rapeseed flour (RF) (blend of Brassica napus and campestris) for raw meat was conducted with growing-furring mink. The RF contained 67% crude protein and approximately 1/10 of the quantity of glucosinolates normally found in commercial meal. Forty male pastel mink were fed diets containing 0, 6.5, 13.4 and 20% RF (dry-matter basis) from the end of July to pelting. On a dry-matter basis, the diets contained approximately 41% protein and the percentages of protein as RF protein were 0, 4.3, 9 and 12.4. Initially, the animals ate significantly (P < 0.05) more feed and grew significantly (P < 0.05) faster on the 0 and 6.5% RF diets, but later, weight gain and feed consumption were the same for all groups (P > 0.05). After 70 days on trial, weight gain was less (P < 0.05) on the 20% RF diet compared with the 0 and 6.5% diets. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen, and in nitrogen retention for the mink receiving the diets containing 13.4 and 20% RF. Mink fed the 20% RF diet showed significant (P < 0.05) thyroid hypertrophy, but at slaughter serum protein-bound iodine level was the same (P > 0.05) for all groups. There was little difference among groups with respect to pelt size and pelt quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Extrusion on Nutrients Digestibility, Metabolizable Energy and Nutritional Value of Yellow Lupine Seeds for Broiler Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rutkowski ◽  
Sebastian A. Kaczmarek ◽  
Marcin Hejdysz ◽  
Dorota Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fat Digestibility

Abstract The aim of investigations was the estimation of nutritional value of currently cultivated yellow lupine cultivars in raw and extruded form, and their usefulness for broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted with male Ross 308 chickens. In a digestibility trial 60 fifteen-day-old birds were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (20 replications in each). Birds were kept in individual pens. Digestibility was calculated using the difference method. From day 16 to 21, diets contained lupine meal in raw or extruded form and the basal diet in the ratio 20:80. Subsequently, the total digestibility of dry matter and crude fat, also apparent nitrogen retention and AMEN value of lupine seeds were determined on chickens fed different forms of lupine. The ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids of lupine seeds was also analyzed. In the second experiment the one-day-old birds were randomly assigned to ten dietary treatments (10 replications in each) and were fed diets with increasing amounts of raw or extruded lupine from 10 to 30%. The chickens in control treatments were fed a diet without lupine. Extruded yellow lupine meal was characterized by lower phytic P content in comparison to raw yellow lupine meal. The content of remaining ingredients and antinutritional substances was similar. Yellow lupine seeds post extrusion were characterized by better total crude fat digestibility, nitrogen retention and AMEN values, compared to raw seeds. Higher ileal digestibility was confirmed in numerous amino acids, except lysine, threonine and valine (P≤0.05). By feeding the broilers with diets consisting of 10 to 30% of lupine seeds post extrusion (experiment II), improved apparent fat digestibility, apparent nitrogen retention and AMEN values were achieved in young chickens (P<0.01). Using 10 and 20% of lupine in the diets showed significant positive effects of extrusion on body weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion rate. The performance indices of chickens were drastically decreased by use of 25% ratio of both raw and extruded yellow lupine in the diet. This effect was heightened by a 30% share in feed mixtures.

Beef production from formic acid-treated and wilted silages

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
I. E. Edwards ◽  
A. R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Live Weight Gain

SUMMARY1. Herbage was ensiled, fresh at 17% DM or wilted to 32% DM, with and without the addition of formic acid (19·2 kg/tonne DM). The silages were fed individually ad libitum to 36 fifteen-month-old British Friesian steers of about 280 kg initial live weight (nine animals per treatment).2. Wilting and the application of formic acid both inhibited fermentation, resulting in silages with higher levels of water-soluble carbohydrates, lower concentrations of volatile nitrogen and lower organic acid contents.3. There were no significant dry matter × formic acid interactions in dry-matter intake or daily live-weight gain.4. Treatment with formic acid did not enhance significantly either dry-matter intake or daily live-weight gain. Furthermore, it had little effect on digestibility, nitrogen retention or metabolizable energy (ME) concentration.5. Wilting before ensiling increased dry-matter intake from 5·0 to 8·3 kg/head per day with consequent marked increases in ME intake, nitrogen retention and live-weight gain. Wilting, however, had little effect on digestibility, ME concentration, or the efficiency with which dietary nitrogen intake was retained.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF A PURIFIED SOURCE OF CELLULOSE ON THE GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF GROWING PIGS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Cunningham ◽  
D. W. Friend ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Basal Ration

One hundred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the nutritive value of a purified source of cellulose (solka-floc) and its effect on body composition and iodine number of the loin fat. In each experiment one group of pigs received a basal ration ad libitum while levels of 10 and 40 per cent solka floe were added to the basal ration of two groups at 62 and 162 pounds liveweight, respectively. The pigs given solka-floc were fed ad libitum and the amounts of basal ration consumed were pair-fed to two respective control groups. There was a significant decrease (P <.01) in dressing percentage of pigs fed solka-floc. Feed efficiency, based on total feed (less solka-floc) per pound of gain, was better in the pair-fed controls reaching statistical significance (P <.05) in one experiment. There was no significant difference in the protein or fat content of the carcasses but the iodine number of the loin fat was significantly higher (P <.01) in pigs fed solka-floc. It was concluded that in growing pigs there is no net gain in energy from the consumption of cellulose.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GROWING GUINEA FOWLS (NUMIDA MELEAGRIS) TO DIETARY L-LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
T. OGUNTONA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Protein Diets

In two experiments, the performance of growing (day 1-6 weeks) guinea fowls, given 20 and 22.5% dietary protein supplemented with graded levels of lysine, was compared with control (25% protein birds). Weight gain, feed conversion and nitrogen retention were significantly (P.05) better in the control than other treatments at both 4 and 6 weeks of age. There was no growth response to 0.05% lysine supplementation in any of the diets. Supplementation of the 20% protein diets with 0.5% lysine produced significant (P.05) weight gains at both 4 and 6 weeks of age. However, supplementation of 22.5% protein diet with 0.5% lysine produced significant (P.05) weight gains, only, at 6 weeks. Best performances were obtained when total dietary lysine level was between 1.6% and 1.8% of the diet.

Naked oats in grower and finisher diets for male chicken roasters and female turkey broilers

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MacLean ◽  
A. B. Webster ◽  
D. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Male Chicken ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Finisher Diets

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate naked oats as a feedstuff for male chicken roaster and female turkey broilers. In exp. 1, grower and finisher roaster diets were formulated to contain 18, 36, 54, or 72% naked oats (Avena nuda L. 'Tibor'). The starter diet contained no naked oats. Two trials were conducted utilizing 1344 birds. Treatment diets were fed to four pens of roasters each, from 21 to 64 d of age. In exp. 2, grower and finisher turkey diets were formulated to contain 0, 22, 44, or 66% naked oats. The starter diet contained no naked oats. Two trials involving 964 birds were conducted. Treatment diets were fed to four pens of turkeys each, beginning at 21 d of age. Level of naked oats did not affect weight gain, feed efficiency or mortality of the roasters. The turkey poults consuming the 66% naked oats diet had significantly heavier 10-wk body weights and greater weight gains from 3 to 10 wk of age than those fed the other diets. In Trial 1, treatment had no significant effect on weight gains or feed efficiency for the finishing period (10–16 wk). In Trial 2, birds fed the 66% naked oats diet consumed significantly less feed than those fed the other diets, and had significantly heavier 12-wk body weights than birds fed the 22 and 44% naked oats diets. Treatment had no significant effect on weight gain or feed efficiency for the finishing period (10–12 wk). It appears that naked oats were a suitable feedstuff for the birds in this study. Key words: Naked oats, chicken roaster, turkey broiler, growth

Effects of isolation, confinement and competition for feed on the energy exchanges of growing lambs

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Webster ◽  
J. S. Smith ◽  
J. M. Brockway
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Energy Exchanges ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Balance Trials

SUMMARY1. Calorimetric evaluation of the nutritive value of feeds for ruminants has, of necessity, involved using mature sheep isolated in respiration chambers. This experiment was designed to examine how such information relates to growing lambs reared in different ways.2. Lambs were either completely isolated, individually fed, or fed in groups. Two lambs in each group were fed to gain 100 g/day (medium) and two to gain 200 g/day (high). Calorimetric measurements were made on individuals or groups at intervals over 20 weeks.3. All lambs fed to gain 100 g/day consumed their entire ration, isolated lambs gained on average 123 g/day and the others 160 g/day. On the ‘high’ ration isolated lambs ate less than the others and gained 178 as against 228 g/day.4. Metabolizable energy intake, heat production and thus energy retention were similar in all groups offered the ‘medium’ ration. Differences in energy retention on the ‘high’ ration were related to differences in intake.5. The net availability for weight gain of the diet (kf) estimated from energy balance trials conducted throughout the growth period (0·61) agreed well with that predicted from its content of metabolizable energy (0·63).6. Estimates of the caloric density of the weight gain suggested that on the ‘medium’ ration the isolated lambs retained substantially more energy as fat than those reared in groups. These observations are discussed in relation to the design and interpretation of calorimetric experiments to predict the nutritive value of feeds for growing lambs.

Soaking of complete fattening rations high in poor roughage 1. The effect of moisture content and spontaneous fermentation on nutritional value

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy ◽  
H. Tagari ◽  
R. Volcani
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARYThe effect of three moisture concentrations (10, 50 and 75%) and of four fermentation conditions (none, 24 hr aerobic, and 24 and 48 hr anaerobic) on the nutritive value of two complete fattening diets containing 25 and 45% poor roughage, was examined in three digestion and nitrogen balance trials, each of Latin square design, in cattle.Fermentation increased the lactic acid and volatile fatty acid concentrations of the feed, decreased its pH and the crude fibre content, and caused losses of dry matter.There were non-significant differences in voluntary intake between the dry and soaked diets. The apparent digestibility of dry and organic matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract and crude fibre was non-significantly improved by added moisture. There were no consistent differences in nitrogen retention.The average metabolizable energy values (ME) observed for both diets were 6% higher than those calculated. There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of gross energy or in ME value between treatments of different moisture content.The fluctuations in pH of rumen liquor during the day differed markedly when the animals received different levels of roughage. These differences were greater when the feed was allowed to ferment. Soaking of feed resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of propionic acid in the rumen liquor, and a non-significant decrease in that of acetic acid. Consequently the C2/C3ratio was significantly lower on the moist feed treatments.There were no consistent differences in concentration of ammonia in the rumen liquor, or of urea in the blood.

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