SUPPLEMENTAL PROTEIN NEEDS OF FINISHING STEERS FED CORN SILAGE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473
Author(s):  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
O. B. SMITH ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD ◽  
P. M. SNODDON ◽  
D. R. MCKNIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Moderate Condition ◽  
Supplemental Protein

Three experiments involving a total of 300 steers were conducted to determine the effects of duration of protein supplementation of finishing steers fed moderate to high levels of corn silage. Hereford and Hereford-cross steers were utilized in two experiments, and Holstein steers in the third study. Growth rate and feed intake suggested that protein supplementation could be withdrawn from a basal diet containing approximately 9.0% crude protein with Hereford or Hereford-cross steers initially in moderate condition after they reach approximately 400 kg liveweight. Holstein steers in thin condition at the start of the experiment appeared to require protein supplementation until a liveweight of 410–450 kg. Protein supplementation had little or no effect on carcass measurements in all three experiments.

scholarly journals High Level of Energy and Protein Supplementation Effect on Feed Intake and Liveweight Gain of Bali Bulls Fed Elephant Grass

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sulendre ◽  
Marsetyo ◽  
Takdir ◽  
Harper ◽  
Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
High Level ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Faecal Ph

This research was carried out on-farm at Malonas village, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia to examine the effect of high level supplementation of by-products formulated for high ME and CP. Feed intake, faecal pH and liveweight gain of Bali bulls was observed. The basal diet was elephant grass, and supplements were rice bran (RB), cassava (C), palm kernel meal (PKM), gliricidia (G) and urea. Fifty Bali bulls (weight 168±4.48 kg) were housed in individual pens for 18 weeks (2 introductory and 16 experimental) and allocated into five treatments: A= elephant grass (EG) ad libitum, B= EG offered at 1%W/d, plus 2.5%W/d mixed RB:G, (1:1), C = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed RB:PKM(1:1), D = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed C:G (1:1), E = EG offered at 1%W/d plus 2.5%W/d mixed C+ urea: PKM (1:1). Faecal pH was measured at weeks 3, 9 and 15. Bali bulls fed B, C, D and E, consumed supplement at the rate of 2.15, 2.19, 2.09 and 2.29 %W/d, respectively. Total feed intake was 2.47, 2.98, 2.99, 2.93, 3.13%W/d, liveweight gain was 0.30, 0.57, 0.60, 0.66, 0.69 g/d and faecal pH was 6.93, 6.76, 6.65, 6.45, 6.33 for treatment A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Supplementation increased significantly (P<0.05) total feed intake, liveweight gain, but reduced faecal pH. The highest total feed intake and liveweight gain was achieved by treatment E. It is concluded that cassava can be provided at 1.15%W/d in combination with protein supplement for high liveweight gain of Bali bulls.

Supplemental Protein Withdrawal and Monensin in Corn Silage Diets of Finishing Steers

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Dartt ◽  
J. A. Boling ◽  
N. W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Supplemental Protein

Effect of Replacement of Antibiotic with Probiotic on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Nutrient Retention in Broilers Fed with Meat Cum Bone Meal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madhuri ◽  
B. Swathi ◽  
P. Radhakrishna ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal

The effect of replacing an antibiotic growth promoter in the diet with a probiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient retention was studied in broilers (Vencobb 430) fed with and without meat cum bone meal (MBM). This experiment which lasted for 42 days consisted of six dietary treatments viz., basal diet (BD), basal diet with MBM (MBM), basal diet with antibiotic (AB), basal diet with probiotic (PB), basal diet with MBM and antibiotic (MBM+AB) and basal diet with MBM and probiotic (MBM+PB). Three-hundred, day-old chicks were randomly allotted in the beginning to these six groups. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected at 4th week of age. Overall, highest body weight gain was recorded in birds fed with AB and PB. Inclusion of probiotic in MBM also showed improved body weight gain when compared to MBM group. Highest feed intake and feed conversion ratio was recorded with AB and PB groups. Birds supplemented with MBM+PB showed improved feed intake and feed efficiency when compared to MBM+AB and MBM diet supplemented groups. Higher dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention (P less than 0.05) was observed in birds supplemented with PB or AB in diet without MBM when compared to their control. In MBM supplemented groups addition of PB or AB improved crude protein retention. Birds supplemented with PB or AB with or without MBM showed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in thigh yield and a non significant reduction in fat yield when compared to their control groups.

Feed intake and growth rate in growing and finishing steers offered a diet of silage plus concentrates with varying levels of ardacin.

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
M.G. Keane ◽  
M.P. Read
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dose Levels

Ardacin is an antibacterial glycopeptide effective against gram positive bacteria. Research elsewhere has shown that in growing calves, it increased the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and protein flow to the duodenum. In goats it reduced methane production but did not affect the site or extent of organic matter digestion. Results on its effects on feed intake are equivocal but it has been shown to increase liveweight gain in finishing cattle. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effects of Ardacin on feed intake and growth rate of growing and finishing steers.Two experiments were carried out simultaneously using the same feeds and Ardacin dose levels. In Experiment 1, 72 Friesian and Charolais x Friesian growing steers (8 months old and 240 kg initial weight) were blocked to 4 treatment groups, tied in individual stalls, and offered grass silage ad libitum plus 1 kg ground barley containing Ardacin per head daily.

Effects of ardacin supplementation on food intake and growth rate of growing and finishing steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Keane ◽  
M. P. Read ◽  
A. P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractArdacin is an antibacterial glycopeptide with ruminal activity. The objective of this study was to measure its effects on food intake and growth rate of growing and finishing steers. Two experiments were carried out simultaneously using the same foods and the same ardacin supplementation levels. In experiment 1, 72 growing steers (8 months old and 240 kg initial weight) in four treatment groups were individually offered a basal diet of grass silage ad libitum. In experiment 2, 44 finishing steers (19 months old and 463 kg initial weight), also in four treatment groups were individually offered a basal diet of grass silage ad libitum plus 3 kg (5 kg for the final 28 days) concentrates per head daily. The four treatments were 0, 50, 125 and 210 mg ardacin per head daily incorporated into 1 kg ground barley. This was offered in addition to the basal diet. The duration of the experimental period was 154 days after which 48 of the growing steers were put to pasture for a 196-day grazing season. The finishing steers were slaughtered following a withdrawal period of 7 days. Mean daily silage dry-matter intakes, and mean daily total metabolizable energy intakes for the treatments as listed above were 4·91, 5·15, 5·10 and 5·03 (s.e. 0·083) kg and 63, 66, 65 and 65 (s.e. 0·7) MJ (experiment 1), and 5·63, 5·62, 5·51 and 5·54 (s.e. 0·059) kg and 108, 108, 107 and 107 (s.e. 0·4) MJ (experiment 2), respectively. In the same order, mean daily live-weight gains during the treatment period were 612, 758, 784 and 798 (s.e. 25·2) g (experiment 1) and 911, 942, 851 and 860 (s.e. 40·0) g (experiment 2). In the growing steers proportionately 0·64 of the weight response to ardacin was retained to the end of the following grazing season. It is concluded that ardacin supplementation increased live-weight gain and improved the efficiency of conversion of food to live weight in growing steers but had no significant effect on finishing steers in this study.

PSIV-1 Effect of Corn Silage Inclusion Rate on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Dry Matter, Organic Matter, and Crude Protein in Finishing Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Buckhaus ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Inclusion Rate ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Internal Marker

Abstract Maine-Anjou × Angus beef steers (n = 156; initial BW 366 ± 37.2 kg) were used in a finishing experiment at the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD. Steers were weighed on 2 consecutive days and assigned into 5 weight blocks. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial, 2 types of implants and 2 dietary treatments with 5 replicate pens for each simple effect. Dietary treatments consisted (DM basis) of 1) 15% (CS15) or 2) 30% corn silage (CS30). Other ingredients consisted of a 50:50 blend of DRC and HMC, liquid supplement and a dry supplement. Bunks were managed using a slick bunk approach and all diets contained (DM basis) 33 mg/kg monensin sodium. Feed collections occurred during the morning and afternoon feedings for two days prior to fecal collections. Each feed sample was composited in equal amounts to create a single sample for each pen. Two fecal collections from each steer occurred 7 hours apart on day 112 of the study. Feces from each steer were composited in equal amounts to create a pen sample. All samples were dried and ground through a 1-mm screen. Acid insoluble ash was used as an internal marker. Apparent total tract digestibility was calculated using the equation: 100-100 ˣ (feed marker/fecal marker) × (fecal variable/feed variable). No interaction between implant and diet was detected for any variables (P ≥ 0.08). One pen was removed from the statistical analysis due to all values being 3 standard deviations away from the mean. Intake did not differ between CS15 and CS30 (P = 0.41). Fecal output was increased 36.9% (P = 0.01) in CS30. Dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestion were decreased by feeding CS30 (11.47%, 10.83%, 16.35% respectively; P ≤ 0.03). As corn silage inclusion increases, digestibility coefficients for DM, OM, and CP are decreased.

scholarly journals The effect of corn silage quality on usage for digestion and balance of the body of sheep (first message)

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
M. Kambur ◽  
A. Zamazіi ◽  
O. Kalashnik
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Individual Particles

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of corn silage conditions on its quality, eating and digestion in the body of sheep. It is established that the ratio of individual particles of corn weight depends on the degree of ripeness of the corn mass. In the case of maize waxy degree of ripeness, the weight of stems, on average, is 27.30%, which is 5.41% more than when maize waxy degree of ripeness is used. The volume of foliage in the first version of the experiment was at the level of 40.5%, which is 1.19 times more than when using corn waxy ripeness of grain. At the same time, the weight of the grain in the silage was 1.31 times less than when it is used for silage corn of milky-wax degree of ripeness. It has been proved that increasing of the size of grinding corn with milk-waxy ripeness of grain to 2.0 - 3.0 cm and under conditions of reducing the parameters of silage weight consolidation from 400 to 600 kg / m3 is accompanied by the accumulation of oil acid from 0.13 to 3.40%. With the use of corn waxy degree of ripeness of the grain and grinding it from 2.0 to 3.0 cm and the seal from 400 to 600 kg / m3, the content of butyric acid in the silo ranged from 0.02 to 0.18%. Carotene content of corn silage of milky-waxy degree of ripeness of grain, grinding from 1.0 to 2.0 cm was 1, 68, 1.77, 1.65, 1, 46 and 2.75 times more than in corn silage of waxy ripeness of grain (p ≤ 0,01 - 0,001). The digestibility of organic and dry matter of corn silage in the body of sheep was quite high. The most significant differences we found in digestion of crude protein, namely the increase of this figure 36.24 ± 1.04% in animals of the first group to 47.26 ± 2.24% in sheep of the second group and to 44.66 ± 1.86 % in animals of the third group under conditions of feeding of silage from corn of milk – wax degree of ripeness of grain. In animals fed corn silage with a waxy degree of ripeness of grain, the digestibility of crude protein was 9.29%, 19.89% and 2.01% less than in those who fed corn silage with milky – waxy degree of ripeness of grain. In the future, these studies will allow the effective use of corn silage of milky - waxy degree of ripeness of grain in feeding sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary raw, cooked and toasted mucuna pruriens seeds (velvet bean) on the performance of Finisher broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
O. O. Emenalom ◽  
A. B. I. Udedibe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Dietary Level

A 5-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary raw, cooked and toasted Mucuna puriens seeds contained 30.3% crude protein. At 10% dietary level, raw and toasted Mucuna puriens seed meals significantly (P<0.05) depressed growth rate of broilers. At 20% dietary level, cooked Mucuna puriensseedmeal also significantly (P<0.05) depressed growth rate of the birds. Feed intake was also significantly (P<0.05) reduced at 20% and 10% dietary levels of cooked and toasted meals, respectively. The feed intake of the group on 10% raw Mucuna diet remained unexpectedly high

RESPONSE OF PIGLETS TO SUBOPTIMAL PROTEIN DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH LYSINE, METHIONINE, THREONINE AND TRYPTOPHAN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANY CINQ-MARS ◽  
G. GOULET ◽  
G. J. BRISSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

A 4-wk feeding trial was conducted with castrated piglets weaned between 18 and 21 d of age, and fed either 22, 29 or 17% crude protein isocaloric diets, adjusted to the same calculated content for total lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. Piglets fed the 22 or 19% protein diets had the same feed intake, practically the same growth rate, and the same gain/feed ratio. Those fed the 17% protein diet had the same feed intake, but gained less than those fed the 19% protein diet. Therefore, it seems possible to lower the protein content of a weanling diet from 22 to 19%, provided that lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan are adjusted to the same calculated content. Key words: Piglets, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan

Performance of growing steers fed either hay or silage supplemented with canola or fish meal

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
A-M. Christen ◽  
A. Amyot ◽  
H. V. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Supplemental Protein

One hundred and eighty-six crossbred steers (194.4 ± 1.5 kg) were used to determine the effect of protein supplementation of medium-quality grass hay or silage on performance during wintering and compensatory growth during the grazing period. All steers received the hay or the silage ad libitum during the 182-d wintering period. They were also fed fixed quantities of one of three supplements: C, a control with no supplemental protein; CM, a canola meal; and FM, a fish meal containing supplements. Daily amounts of supplementation were fixed to supply to each steer the same amount of barley (85 g 100 kg−1 BW), of dry molasses (15 g 100 kg−1 BW) and of minerals, vitamins and Bovatec (10 g 100 kg−1 BW). The protein supplements CM and FM supplied the equivalent of 95 g of crude protein daily 100 kg−1 BW compared with 15 g 100 kg−1 BW for the control. Expressed as g kg−0.75, forage DM intake was 13.3% higher when fed as hay than as silage (P < 0.0001). Protein supplementation increased forage DM intake when fed as hay (P < 0.02) but not when fed as silage. Average daily gains (ADG) tended to be 5.8% higher for steers fed hay than for those fed silage (P = 0.06). Protein supplementation markedly improved ADG (P < 0.0001). When hay was fed, no differences were found in ADG between CM and FM supplementation; however, FM supplementation produced higher ADG than CM when silage was fed (P < 0.001). Feed efficiency was not affected by the type of forage fed, but it was higher for steers receiving protein supplementation (P < 0.001), the effect being more evident when the forage was fed as silage (P < 0.001) than when fed as hay (P = 0.07). Compensatory gains were obtained when the steers were taken out to pasture in early spring; steers fed silage, which obtained smaller ADG during wintering, showed higher ADG in pasture (P < 0.01). After 62 d grazing, the effect of protein supplementation during winter on body weight had almost disappeared. Key words: Protein supplementation, forages, cattle, growth

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