scholarly journals The effect of corn silage quality on usage for digestion and balance of the body of sheep (first message)

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
M. Kambur ◽  
A. Zamazіi ◽  
O. Kalashnik
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Individual Particles

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of corn silage conditions on its quality, eating and digestion in the body of sheep. It is established that the ratio of individual particles of corn weight depends on the degree of ripeness of the corn mass. In the case of maize waxy degree of ripeness, the weight of stems, on average, is 27.30%, which is 5.41% more than when maize waxy degree of ripeness is used. The volume of foliage in the first version of the experiment was at the level of 40.5%, which is 1.19 times more than when using corn waxy ripeness of grain. At the same time, the weight of the grain in the silage was 1.31 times less than when it is used for silage corn of milky-wax degree of ripeness. It has been proved that increasing of the size of grinding corn with milk-waxy ripeness of grain to 2.0 - 3.0 cm and under conditions of reducing the parameters of silage weight consolidation from 400 to 600 kg / m3 is accompanied by the accumulation of oil acid from 0.13 to 3.40%. With the use of corn waxy degree of ripeness of the grain and grinding it from 2.0 to 3.0 cm and the seal from 400 to 600 kg / m3, the content of butyric acid in the silo ranged from 0.02 to 0.18%. Carotene content of corn silage of milky-waxy degree of ripeness of grain, grinding from 1.0 to 2.0 cm was 1, 68, 1.77, 1.65, 1, 46 and 2.75 times more than in corn silage of waxy ripeness of grain (p ≤ 0,01 - 0,001). The digestibility of organic and dry matter of corn silage in the body of sheep was quite high. The most significant differences we found in digestion of crude protein, namely the increase of this figure 36.24 ± 1.04% in animals of the first group to 47.26 ± 2.24% in sheep of the second group and to 44.66 ± 1.86 % in animals of the third group under conditions of feeding of silage from corn of milk – wax degree of ripeness of grain. In animals fed corn silage with a waxy degree of ripeness of grain, the digestibility of crude protein was 9.29%, 19.89% and 2.01% less than in those who fed corn silage with milky – waxy degree of ripeness of grain. In the future, these studies will allow the effective use of corn silage of milky - waxy degree of ripeness of grain in feeding sheep.

scholarly journals Determination of the Use ofLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium freudenreichiiApplication on Fermentation Profile and Chemical Composition of Corn Silage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norafizah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mohd Ridzwan Abd Halim ◽  
Noraniza Mahawi ◽  
Hazira Hasnudin ◽  
Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Better Than

Corn was inoculated withLactobacillus plantarumandPropionibacterium freudenreichiisubsp.shermaniieither independently or as a mixture at ensiling, in order to determine the effect of bacterial additives on corn silage quality. Grain corn was harvested at 32–37% of dry matter and ensiled in a 4 L laboratory silo. Forage was treated as follows: bacterial types: B0 (without bacteria-control), B1(L. plantarum), B2 (P. freudenreichiisubsp.shermanii), and B3 (combination ofL. plantarumandP. freudenreichiisubsp.shermanii). Each 2 kg of chopped forage was treated with 10 mL of bacterial culture and allowed to ferment for 27 days. The first experiment determined the most suitable wavelength for detection of bacteria (490 nm and 419 nm for B1 and B2, resp.) and the preferable inoculation size (1 × 105 cfu/g). The second experiment analysed the effect of B1 and B2 applied singly or as a mixture on the fermentation characteristics and quality of corn silage.L. plantarumalone increased crude protein (CP) and reduced pH rapidly. In a mixture withP. freudenreichii, the final pH was the lowest compared to other treatments. As a mixture, inclusion of bacteria resulted in silage with lower digestibility than control. Corn silage treated withL. plantarumorP. freudenreichiieither alone or mixed together produced desirable silage properties; however, this was not significantly better than untreated silage.

scholarly journals Experimental substantiation of new criteria for silage quality evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
M. F. Kulyk ◽  
V. P. Zhukov ◽  
Y. V. Obertiukh ◽  
I. O. Vyhovska ◽  
L. O. Honchar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
New Criteria

Purpose. To substantiate new criteria for evaluation of corn silage quality with bio-preservatives. Methods. Zootechnical method to determine feed digestibility in animal experiments. It is incorporated in amphorae of 1.8 tons of corn silage mass of the beginning of wax ripeness. The first amphora was without preservative, the second was with bio preservative No. 1 and the third one was with bio preservative No. 2. The silo of 3 amphorae according to the standard was evaluated. In all 3 amphorae, the silo was of good quality, but the digestibility of dry matter in the balance experiments on the rams was different. Results. The most commonly accepted criteria for evaluating silo quality are its pH value and the solids content. The high quality silo has a pH of water extract in the range of 3.6—3.9. Such pH values are created by the high content of lactic acid and low ammonia content. Under these conditions, the nutrient retention in the silage feed is the highest compared to other acidity parameters. Thus, under pH higher than 4.4 and dry matter content of 30 %, the fermentation in the silo process takes place by the proteolytic type and, as a result, butyric acid, amines and ammonia, not lactic acid, are formed. Due to the fact that butyric acid is much weaker than lactic acid and thus has a low preservative capacity, the silo is of poor quality. Therefore, high levels of ammonia, amines and butyric acid cause poor quality of the silo. High quality silo contains up to 20 % free acids (2/3 – lactic acid and 1/3 acetic acid). Our research has shown that silage packed with bio-preservatives based on lactic and propionic acid bacteria has a higher digestibility of nutrients than the same starting mass (raw material), which is ensiled without a bio-preservative. Lactic acid bacteria synthesize B vitamins (B1, B2, B5 and B7) and essential amino acids, and propionic bacteria further synthesize vitamin B12, forming mucus and giving the silage a specific, pleasant taste, providing better feed for animals, e.g. cows, substances, which is a consequence of the higher productive action of the feed. Digestibility of dry matter of silage, which was incorporated without a biological preservative, was at the rate of 53.9 %, and it was 8.8 % higher with bio-preservative No. 1. Studies conducted with an air-dry matter of 3 silos to obtain a suspension have provided the basis for evaluating bacterial preservatives for their ability to stimulate the growth of microbial protein in the silage. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches new criteria for evaluation of corn silage quality were experimentally substantiated. Indicators of high-quality silage, namely, pH, total acidity, lactic, content of acetic and butyric acids and ammonia, include the digestibility of dry matter in animals, and the determination of bacterial protein as an important factor in the influence of lactic and propionic acid bacteria of bio-preservatives on the biological value of feed protein, which is a criterion for evaluating biological preservatives for the ability to stimulate bacterial protein gain in silage.

scholarly journals Study of the Soil—Plant (Carrot)—Animal Cycle of Nutritive and Hazardous Minerals in a Rabbit Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bersényi ◽  
S. Fekete ◽  
I. Hullár ◽  
I. Kádár ◽  
M. Szilágyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelements differed in their rate of accumulation in the organs examined: Mo and Cd accumulated in the kidneys, Pb in the kidneys, liver, bones and lungs, Hg in the kidneys and liver, while Se in the liver, kidneys and heart. The proportions of microelements eliminated from the body either via the faeces and urine (Mo 80.18% and Se 47.41%) or via the faeces (Cd 37.86%, Pb 66.39%, Hg 64.65%) were determined. Pathohistological examination revealed that the rate of spermatogenesis was reduced in the Mo, Cd, Pb and Hg groups compared to the control. Lead, Cd and Hg intake resulted in a considerable decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and in an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity because of damages to the kidneys and bones. All experimental treatments decreased the activity of cholinesterase (CHE) because of lesions in the liver.

EFFECTS OF LYSINE INFUSION PER ABOMASUM OF STEERS FED CONTINUOUSLY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms

Four dairy steers were allotted to four lysine infusion levels in a 4 × 4 latin square design and fed an 11.5% crude protein (90% dry matter (DM)) diet continuously (10-min intervals every 24 hr). Lysine hydrochloride equivalent to 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 g lysine per day was infused per abomasum. When 9 g lysine were infused per day, the percent of absorbed nitrogen (N) retained was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced; urinary N excretion as a percentage of N intake and plasma-free lysine were increased significantly compared with the other three infusion treatments. The infusion of 9 g lysine per day apparently exceeded the body tissue requirements for this amino acid and the excess N was excreted in the urine. A possibility of lysine being limiting (0.28% lysine of a 100% DM diet) was apparently offset by the synthesis of lysine by rumen microorganisms, which increased the dietary lysine two- to threefold. Increased levels of infused lysine did not result in a linear increase of lysine in the abomasum. With 3 g per day lysine infusion rumen ammonia and N retentions were high. However, a smaller amount of N reached the abomasum with steers on this treatment.

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

scholarly journals Automatically monitoring of dietary effects on rumination and activity of finishing heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
E. Giaretta ◽  
A. L. Mordenti ◽  
G. Canestrari ◽  
A. Palmonari ◽  
A. Formigoni
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ash Residue

Rumination and activity behaviours are important welfare indexes in beef-cattle housing. The main objective of the present study was to assess whether the automatic collars are able to reliably assess the rumination and activity patterns of beef heifers. For this purpose, individual rumination time and activity (RT and AT respectively) were continuously recorded using an automatic neck-collar system (Hr-Tag, SCR Engineers Ltd, Israel) on the three trials performed. For Experiment 1, 60 Italian crossbred heifers were randomly assigned to one of two experimental diets for 9 months: the corn–silage diet (CS), which included 50% forage on a dry-matter (DM) basis (43% corn–silage, 7% wheat straw) and the hay diet (HAY), with 57% forage on DM basis (28.5% grass hay, 28.5% alfalfa hay). Heifers consuming HAY diet showed greater (P &lt; 0.05) RT (min/day) and AT (bits/day) than did those on CS diet. Rumination time per kilogram of dry matter and per kilogram of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash residue (aNDFom) intake were similar in the two experimental groups, while RT per kilogram of physical effective NDF (peNDF) intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the CS group than in the HAY one. Daily rumination and activity patterns (min/2 h and bits/2 h respectively) were significantly different between CS and HAY groups. In the second experiment, 32 beef heifers were randomly allocated in two homogeneous pens, each containing eight animals, and two non-homogeneous ones, in which animals were added at different periods. The AT of non-homogeneous pens was significantly higher than that of the homogeneous ones, suggesting a distress condition for values higher than 309 bits/day AT. In the third experiment, RT and AT of three animals with respiratory disease were collected using the automatic collar system and compared with AT and RT of the healthy animals. Sick animals presented a significantly lower RT and higher AT than did the healthy ones. The cut-off to distinguish sick from healthy heifers was set to 537 bits/day AT and 381 min/day RT. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that automatic collars can reliably monitor different rumination and activity behaviours of beef animals in various management conditions and different health statuses.

scholarly journals SILAGE QUALITY OF CORN AND SORGHUM ADDED WITH FORAGE PEANUTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALKÍRIA GUIMARÃES CARVALHO ◽  
KÁTIA APARECIDA DE PINHO COSTA ◽  
PATRÍCIA SOARES EPIFANIO ◽  
ROZANA CASTRO PERIM ◽  
DANIEL AUGUSTO ALVES TEIXEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Sorghum Silage

ABSTRACT: Corn and sorghum are standard silage crops because of their fermentative characteristics. While corn and sorghum silages have lower crude protein (CP) contents than other crops, intercropping with legumes can increase CP content. Furthermore, one way to increase CP content is the addition of legumes to silage. Consequently, the research objective was to evaluate the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silages added with forage peanuts (Arachis pintoi). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments consisted of corn silage, sorghum silage, forage peanut silage, corn silage with 30% forage peanut, and sorghum silage with 30% forage peanut. The results showed that the corn and sorghum added with peanut helped to improve the silage fermentative and bromatological characteristics, proving to be an efficient technique for silage quality. The forage peanut silage had lower fermentative characteristics than the corn and sorghum silages. However, the forage peanut silage had a greater CP content, which increased the protein contents of the corn and sorghum silages when intercropped with forage peanuts.

scholarly journals Intake and performance of confined bovine fed fresh or ensilaged sugar cane based diets and corn silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Chamon de Castro Menezes ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Felipe Antunes Magalhães ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares ◽  
Laura Franco Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
And Performance

It was evaluated intake, total apparent digestibility, performance and feeding behavior of bovine fed diets constituted of corn silage, crushed sugar cane given fresh or crushed and given 72 hours after storage, ensilaged sugar cane with or without 1% of calcium oxide and concentrate at the proportion of 1% of the body weight. It was used 35 bovines, distributed in a random block design, with 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The animals were housed in collective stalls with troughs individualized by electronic gates. The animals fed diet with corn silage presented greater intake of all nutrients and greater total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, as well as greater weight gain and subcutaneous fat thickness. Animals fed diet with fresh sugar cane presented greater nutrient intake as well as better dry matter digestibility, ether extract and TDN content and a superior performance in relation to animals fed ensilaged sugar cane diets. Animals fed silage of sugar cane with calcium oxide presented greater digestibility of organic matter, NFC and content of TDN but they did not differ on performance in relation to the use of silage of sugar cane without calcium oxide. Intake and performance of animals did not change with or without storage of sugar cane. It was concluded that animals fed diets with corn silage present performances superior to the ones which are fed sugar cane based diets, and animals fed fresh sugar diet are superior to the animals fed diets with sugar cane silage.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition and aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages stored under different environmental conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Marcos Rogério Oliveira ◽  
Antônio Vinícius Iank Bueno ◽  
Guilherme Fernando Mattos Leão ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Transgenic Corn ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Profile

We aimed to evaluate nutritional quality, fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and dry matter losses in corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum 'BRS Umbu') silages. Treatments included uninoculated and inoculated (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, 1.0 × 105 UFC g-1) wheat silage, corn silage from a conventional hybrid and a transgenic hybrid. Nutritional quality and fermentation profile variables were tested in a completely randomized design. Means were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance. An aerobic stability trial was conducted in a factorial design with two silages (wheat × inoculated wheat; conventional hybrid corn × transgenic hybrid corn) and two temperatures (ambient temperature × controlled temperature at 24°C). Data were submitted to ANOVA and means were analyzed by the F test at 5% probability. Inoculation of wheat silage increased dry matter, organic matter, and total carbohydrates, but reduced crude protein by a dilution effect. Regarding the fermentation profile, inoculation reduced acetic acid and butyric acid content, whereas it increased propionic acid in wheat silage. Bt corn hybrid silage showed higher dry matter and lower neutral detergent fiber, whereas transgenic corn silage showed lower content of acetic acid, propionic acid, alcohol, and ammonia. Conversely, Bt hybrid silage showed higher butyric acid. Transgenic corn silage showed higher temperature than the conventional hybrid silage during aerobic exposure. Inoculated wheat silage experienced larger deterioration and dry matter losses during the aerobic stability trial. Temperature control worsened aerobic stability in all treatments, increasing dry matter losses and heating.

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