NUTRITIVE VALUE OF AMMONIATED WHEAT STRAW FOR RUMINANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ZORRILLA-RIOS ◽  
G. W. HORN ◽  
C. A. HIBBERD ◽  
W. A. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Microbial N

Ammoniation of wheat straw increased ruminal digestion of dietary organic matter and duodenal flow of microbial nitrogen. For a growing steer (288 kg) gaining 0.45 kg daily, nitrogen in ammoniated straw replaced that provided by 0.6 kg of soybean meal. Energy supplementation improved nitrogen balance in sheep consuming ammoniated straw. Key words: Straw, ammoniation, microbial-N, protein, energy, ruminants

Cottonseed for protein and energy supplementation of high-roughage diets for beef cattle

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brosh ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Energy Supplementation

ABSTRACTThe use of cottonseed (CS) as an energy and protein supplement to high wheat-straw diets was studied in a digestion and nitrogen balance trial, and as a component in fattening diets in a feeding trial. The proportions of CS studied were 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 g/kg diet dry matter (DM). DM intake per kg M0·75 was 33, 31, 40, 31 and 29 g, respectively. The digestibility coefficient of organic matter was 415, 463, 417, 441, 350 g/kg DM and of neutral-detergent fibre was 350, 436, 411, 309, 334 g/kg DM. Nitrogen balance was –2·52, 1·1, 5·38, 5·63, 7·60 g/day respectively, for the same order of treatments. The effect of high proportions of CS in the diet in restricting DM intake and reducing its digestibility was evident. The results of the feeding trial were in agreement with those of the digestion trial and indicate the proportion of 120 g CS per kg DM as optimal and maximal.

Effect of amount of rumen degradable protein on the utilization of wheat straw by Dohne Merino wethers

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
J. van E. Nolte ◽  
A.V. Ferreirat ◽  
H.H. Köster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Degradable Protein

AbstractA 5 ✕ 5 Latin square was conducted with ruminally and duodenally cannulated Dohne Merino wethers consuming wheat straw to determine the effect of different rumen degradable protein (RDP) levels on forage intake, fermentation characteristics, nutrient flow and digestion. The wethers had ad libitum access to water and wheat straw (32 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM); 742 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) per kg DM) that was offered twice daily, immediately after intraruminal infusion of the supplements at 07:00 and 19:00 h. The supplemental RDP (calcium caseinate; 900 g CP per kg DM) levels were: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 g/day. Each period consisted of 14 days of adaptation and 6 days of sampling. Forage and total organic matter (OM) intakes increased in a linear manner (P < 0•01) with increasing supplemental RDP levels. Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) displayed a quadratic increase with elevated amounts of RDP (P < 0•01). The effects of treatments on rumen and total tract digestion, as well as fluid dilution rate were minimal. Microbial nitrogen (MN) flow to the duodenum and microbial efficiency increased quadratically (P < 0•04) with increased RDP supplementation. Rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations increased linearly (P < 0•01) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) tended to increase linearly (P = 0•07). In conclusion, RDP supplementation to Dohne Merino wethers consuming wheat straw generally enhanced rumen fermentation and forage intake. A total RDP intake (sources: calcium caseinate and wheat straw) of 3•30 g/kg M0•75 or 0•12 of DOM maximized DOMI.

scholarly journals Microbial nitrogen production, nitrogen balance and excretion of urinary purine derivatives in Corriedale ewes under water deprivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Ehsan Oskouian ◽  
Byong-Wan Kim ◽  
Bae-Hun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Il Sung
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Microbial N

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine microbial N production, and urinary excretion of PDs in Corriedale ewes under water deprivation. Nine Corriedale ewes (average BW=45±4.5 kg) were individually fed diets based on maintenance requirements in metabolic crates. Ewes were assigned to three treatment groups according to a 3×3 Latin square design for 3 periods of 21 days duration. The treatments were free access to water (FAW ), 2h water deprivation (2hWD), and 3h water deprivation (3hWD) following feeding. Daily water intake decreased linearly as water deprivation time following feeding increased. Feed intake and fecal excretion were not different among the treatment groups. Urine weight and volume were higher in FAW than water deprived groups. Nitrogen balance including urinary N, retained N, urinary N/intake N, and retained N/intake N were lower in FAW group than other treatment groups, whereas no differences were observed in intake N, fecal N, digestible N, and fecal N/intake N among the treatment groups. Allantoin concentration tended to be higher in FAW group than 2hWD and 3hWD groups while no differences were observed in uric acid, xanthine+hypoxanthine and creatinine concentrations. Microbial N production per DOMR was higher in 2hWD and 3hWD groups than FAW group whereas no differences were observed between 2hWD and 3hWD groups. Index of PDC decreased linearly with water deprivation. It is concluded that water deprivation following feeding, especially 2 h water deprivation in ewes improved microbial N production.

scholarly journals Effects of grinding, pelleting and expanding on nutritive value of barley in pig diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-469
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Grinding Method

Nutrient digestibility and protein utilization responses ofgrowing pigs to different processes of barley were evaluated. The assayed treatments of barley were grinding methods: hammer milling (FIM) and rolling (RM), pelleting (FIP, RP), expanding (HE, RE) and their combination (HEP, REP). The study comprised a 8 x 8 Latin square designed digestibility and nitrogen balance trial with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The average grist size of HM barley was smaller and wider than that of RM. Pelleting and expanding reduced the grist size and made the distribution wider compared to untreated ones. HM compared to RM achieved improved pellet quality, but expanding had no effect on pellet durability. Only small differences were found in the proximate composition or sugar content indicating a gelatinization degree of differently processed barleys. Grinding method had no effect on organic matter (OM) digestibility, whereas RM improved protein (CP) digestibility (P

scholarly journals Animal Performance with and without Supplements in Mombaça Guinea Grass Pastures during Dry Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itânia Maria Medeiros de Araújo ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
Valéria Pacheco Batista Euclides ◽  
Denise Baptaglin Montagner ◽  
Rodrigo Da Costa Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Energy Supplementation

The objectives were to: 1) evaluate the potential of the animal performance on Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça (mombaça guinea grass) pasture during dry season, and 2) determine the effects of protein or protein-energy supplementation on liveweight gain of steers grazing guinea grass pasture. A complete randomized block design was employed with three treatments and three replicates. Treatments included non-supplemented animals (NS) and animals supplemented with protein (PS) or protein-energy (PES), provided at 0.15% or 0.6% of body weight for 115 days, during dry period. We used 36 weaned calves from initial bodyweigh (LW) of 192 kg (±5 kg) on nine plots of mombaça guinea grass (1.25 ha each). Each month, animals were weighed and pastures sampled to estimate forage characteristics. The average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P = 0.0001) for cattle fed supplement than for cattle fed no supplement (250 g steer-1), and greater for protein-energy supplement (770 g steer-1) than for protein supplement (460 g steer-1). Mombaça guinea grass pastures with 45 cm height at the end of the wet season have enough forage mass for maintenance throughout the dry season about 1.4 AU ha-1 (AU = 450 kg BW), and reasonable nutritive value (average of 8,1% of crude protein and 55,3% of in vitro organic matter digestibility) to provide small gains. Considering the nutritive value of Mombaça guinea grass during the dry period, protein and energy supplementation is required for weaned calves to optimize their performance.

Crude glycerine as an alternative energy feedstuff for beef cattle grazing tropical pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. SOCREPPA ◽  
K. A. K. MORAES ◽  
A. S. OLIVEIRA ◽  
E. D. BATISTA ◽  
L. C. A. B. DROSGHIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Crude Glycerine ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Four Levels

SUMMARYThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude glycerine (CG, 810·9 g glycerol/kg) replacing dry ground maize on intake, digestibility, microbial nitrogen (N) synthesis and N utilization in grazing beef cattle. Five Nellore bulls (332 ± 29·6 kg initial body weight (BW)) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals grazed five Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) paddocks of approximately 0·32 ha. Five supplements were evaluated: mineral supplementation (control, only ad libitum access to a mineral mixture) and 4 g of protein-energy supplementation/kg of BW with four levels of CG (0, 330, 660 and 1000 g/kg) replacing dry ground maize. Bulls that received protein-energy supplementation had greater organic matter (OM) pasture and digested OM (DOM) intakes than the control. No differences were observed among CG levels with regard to OM pasture, neutral detergent fibre and DOM intakes. However, ether extract intake increased linearly as CG levels increased. Protein-energy supplementation enhanced efficiency of microbial N synthesis, N balance and ammonia concentration, but they were not influenced by the CG levels. In conclusion, partial or total replacement of dry ground maize by CG in protein-energy supplements for grazing beef cattle exerted no changes on pasture intake, digestibility and N utilization. Therefore, the use of CG as an energy source in supplements for grazing cattle can be recommended.

INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF FABABEAN CROP RESIDUE BY SHEEP

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS ◽  
E. COXWORTH ◽  
D. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Medium Quality

Voluntary dry matter intake and digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter and energy of fababean crop residue by sheep were greater (P < 0.05) than those of wheat straw, but were not significantly different from those of medium quality alfalfa-brome hay. The results indicated that the nutritive value of fababean crop residue was greater than that of wheat straw.

The nutritive value of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.) and soft brome grass (Bromus mollis L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PER Ridley ◽  
HL Davies ◽  
IN Southey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Brome Grass

Medium Peppin Merino wethers were fed, ad libitum, subterranean clover (cv. Woogenellup), rose clover (cv. Kondinin) and soft brome grass cut in September (spring), November (late spring) and January-February (summer). The nitrogen contents of the subterranean clover ranged from 1.89 to 3.13%, of the rose clover from 1.62 to 2.84% and of the soft brome from 0.42 to 2.86%. Mean daily organic matter intakes (kg) in spring, late spring and summer were respectively: for subterranean clover 0.78, 1.09 and 0.42; for rose clover 0.60, 0.87 and 0.62; for soft brome grass 0.87, 0.81 and 0.20. Organic matter digestibilities in spring, late spring and summer were, respectively: for subterranean clover 0.82 ,0.69 and 0.61; for rose lover 0.80, 0.62 and 0.54; for soft brome 0.83, 0.72 and 0.58. There were highly significant differences ( P < 0.001) in nitrogen balance between seasons. The estimated digestible energy intakes (MJ/day) in spring, late spring and summer were, respectively: for subterranean clover 12.7, 14.5 and 4.9; for rose clover, 9.2, 9.9 and 6.9; for soft brome, 13.6, 10.1 and 2.1. Within seasons there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in nitrogen balance between species. There were significant differences between species in mean retention time in the alimentary tract in late spring (P<0.001) and summer (P<0.001) but not in spring. There was a highly significant negative relationship between acid-detergent fibre content and both organic matter and fibre digestibilities. The superior digestible energy intakes of the 2 clovers explain at least some of the superior performance of sheep grazing clover compared with those grazing grass pastures.

The nutritive value of citrus pulp ensiled with wheat straw and poultry litter for sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Migwi ◽  
J. R. Gallagher ◽  
R. J. van Barneveld
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

In experiment 1, 4 treatments were prepared consisting of a mixture of chopped wheat straw in different proportions, a fixed proportion of poultry litter and 0, 15, 30 and 45% citrus pulp on a dry matter basis. The mixtures were ensiled for 60 days at room temperature in polythene bags. Ensiling (time effect) resulted in an increase (P<0.001) in titrable acidity level and a decrease in pH in the silage. In titrable acidity, there was an interaction effect (P<0.001) between the levels of citrus pulp and the ensiling time, such that there was an increase (P<0.001) in titrable acidity and a decrease (P<0.001) in pH in the 4 treatments both before and after fermentation. However, compared with the premix, there was a large increase in titrable acidity in silage following fermentation. Ensiling resulted in complete elimination of all coliforms in spite of their presence in large numbers in the mixtures before ensiling. Although the total nitrogen content was not affected, ensiling resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in the proportion of soluble nitrogen. The potential degradability of the silage dry matter ranged from 487 to 582 g/kg and increased (P<0.05) with the level of citrus pulp. In experiment 2, the daily intake of dry matter, organic matter, digestible organic matter and the digestibility of organic matter increased significantly with levels of citrus pulp in the basal silage diet, but there was no difference (P>0.05) in dry matter intake between diets containing 0, 76 and 167 g/kg citrus pulp when the intake was expressed on the basis of metabolic body weight. However, there was a decrease (P<0.001) in intake of silage and diet dry matter, organic matter and digestible organic matter when the level of citrus pulp in the basal silage diet increased from 167 to 272 g/kg. Only animals on the basal silage diet containing 167 g/kg citrus pulp had a higher (P<0.05) and positive nitrogen balance of 1.0 g/day. It is concluded that wheat straw and poultry litter can be ensiled successfully with citrus pulp to produce silage that is safe and of high fermentation quality. This silage has a medium to high feeding value in sheep, provided that the level of citrus pulp in the diet is in the range of 150–200 g/kg.

Utilisation of forage rape (Brassica napus) and Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) diets by sheep: effects on whole tract digestibility and rumen parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaur ◽  
S. C. Garcia ◽  
W. J. Fulkerson ◽  
I. Barchia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Forage Rape ◽  
Microbial N

This study investigated the effect of increasing the proportion of forage rape or Persian clover in the diet on dry matter intake (DMI), whole tract digestibility and rumen function. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously; each in a 3 by 3 Latin square design with rumen-fistulated sheep fed either increasing amounts (10, 25 or 40% DM of the diet) of forage rape (experiment 1) or Persian clover (experiment 2). The remaining diet comprised short-rotation ryegrass, cereal-based pellets and maize silage, formulated to give similar metabolisable energy (MJ/kg DM), neutral detergent fibre and protein values between treatments. Purine derivatives excreted in the urine were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis. The study found similar DMI within forage rape and Persian clover treatments, although total DMI was 16% higher for the latter (29 v. 25 g/kg liveweight.day, respectively). The in vivo DM (mean = 0.75) and neutral detergent fibre (mean = 0.65) digestibility coefficients were similar (P > 0.05) within and between experiments. The mean (±s.e.) rumen pH in sheep fed forage rape-based diets (6.17 ± 0.10) was higher than for Persian clover-based diets (5.70 ± 0.09). The efficiency of microbial N supply expressed as microbial N (g/day) per kg of digestible organic matter fermented in the rumen was also similar (P > 0.05) within and between forage rape and Persian clover treatments (mean = 23.4 g microbial N/kg digestible organic matter fermented). The results indicate that increasing the proportion of high nutritive value forage rape or Persian clover within the diet of sheep did not affect the efficiency of feed utilisation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document