The rate and extent of silage nitrogen degradation in the rumen as influenced by wilting and duration of regrowth

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Makoni ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
L. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Rumen Degradation

The effect of duration of regrowth and wilting on silage crude protein fractions and rumen degradability of the crude protein were studied. The wilted silages had undergone more extensive proteolysis resulting in reduced hot water insoluble nitrogen. A large proportion of the silage crude protein was rumen degradable. The rates of degradation of the insoluble but degradable crude protein were not affected by wilting or the duration of regrowth. The results obtained indicate that wilting to only moderate dry matter appears to differ in its effect than wilting to higher DM. Key words: Silage, wilting, regrowth, nitrogen rumen, degradation

Effect of adding lignosulfonate and heat to canola screenings on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
E. Weurding ◽  
Mary Lou Swift ◽  
C. F. Wright ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of adding 5% calcium lignosulfonate (LSO3) and heat to canola screenings on in situ ruminal and intestinal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance in Holstein cows was investigated. Treatments consisted of untreated canola screenings, canola screenings that had been heated to 100 °C for 30 or 60 min and canola screenings that had 5% (wt wt−1) LSO3 added and were subsequently heated at 100 °C for 0, 30 or 60 min. Results indicate that treatment of canola screenings with 5% LSO3 and heated to 100 °C for 60 min was effective in reducing rumen degradation of DM and CP with a corresponding increase in disappearance in the lower gastrointestinal tract when compared to untreated and heat-treated canola screenings. Key words: Canola screenings, rumen by-pass protein, heat treatment, lignosulfonate

Evaluation of the nutritive value of grass hays for growing sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
Ch. Beaulieu ◽  
J. Florez ◽  
G. Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin

Data collected during 2 years on four grasses (three cultivars of timothy and one cultivar of bromegrass) harvested at four stages of growth were analyzed to identify variables that affect the nutritive value of grass hays for sheep. From 11 June, the day of the first harvest, to July 25, the percentage of crude protein (CP) decreased 0.17 unit/d (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001) and the percentage of acid detergent lignin (ADL) increased 0.06 units/d (r2 = 0.74, P < 0.001). Over this period, dry matter (DM) intake decreased at a rate of 0.41 g kg−0.75 d−1 (r2 = 0.54, P < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with fiber content (P < 0.001). Delay of harvest caused a decrease in percent digestibility of 0.39 unit/d for DM (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001), 0.38 unit/d for energy (r2 = 0.85, P < 0.001), 0.54 unit/d for CP (r2 = 0.77, P < 0.001) and 0.63 unit/d for NDF (r2 = 0.93, P < 0.001). Total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased 0.35 unit/d (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001). Date of harvest and %ADL were used to estimate energy value of hays. Digestible energy intake and TDN intake values decreased by 122.4 kJ kg−0.75 (r2 = 0.87, P < 0.001) and 6.6 g kg−0.75 (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001), respectively, for each 1% increase in ADL of the hays. Equations were developed to estimate digestible DM intake and TDN intake, using NDF and ADF as independent variables. The predictive value of the equations was good when applied to data obtained from previous experiments (r2 = 0.87–0.91, n = 11, P < 0.001). Key words: Nutritive value, forages, sheep

NUTRIENT UTILIZATION OF PELLETED AND UNPELLETED FORAGES BY PONIES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. CYMBALUK ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Made In

Two separate digestion studies using mature ponies evaluated nutrient utilization of unpelleted alfalfa, brome, slough and oat hays and pelleted alfalfa, oat and barley hays grown in Saskatchewan. Alfalfa and cereal hays provided between 2.33 and 2.58 Mcal digestible energy (DE)/kg dry matter (DM). Brome and slough hay supplied 2.13 and 1.75 Mcal DE/kg DM, respectively. Alfalfa hay had a higher digestible crude protein content than other forages tested within each trial. Calcium (Ca) availability was lower from oat hay than other unpelleted forages (P < 0.05). Ponies were in negative Ca balance when either oat or barley hay pellets were fed; this occurred through an apparent increase in urinary Ca excretion. Phosphorus (P) balances were negative when slough hay or cereal hays were fed. Oxalate and phytate determinations were made in forages and concentrations of 0.26–1.3% oxalate and 0.06–0.44% phytate were obtained. Voluntary intakes of alfalfa and brome hay by ponies were higher than oat or slough hays (P < 0.05). Pelleted alfalfa hay was eaten in larger amounts than oat or barley hay pellets (P < 0.05). Of the forages tested, alfalfa hay was considered to be the best hay for supplying nutrients for horses. Cereal hays provide a good source of energy and protein for mature equids but would require macromineral supplementation. Key words: Forages, pony, nutrient utilization

scholarly journals Rumen degradation characteristics of two tropical forages supplemented with monensin in the rumen of N’dama Steer

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
R. Y. Aderinboye
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Reduction Effect

Rumen degradation characteristics of Panicum maximum and Gmelina arborea forages in response to monensin supplementation were studied in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment using an Ndama fistulated steer. Monensin had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the soluble fraction 'a' of nutrients but showed reductions (P<0.05) in the degradable fractions b' of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM supplementation levels relative to the control. These reductions were within the range of 45.76 - 49.52, 37.88 - 43.57, 44.60 - 45.31 and 45.18 - 46.85% for DM, CP, NDF and ADF, respectively. The potenti al degradation 'p' of DM, NDF, and ADF reduced (P<0.05) at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM while p' for CP reduced at 45 mg/kg DM. Forage type had significant effect (P<0.05) on nutrient degradation with Panicum maximum having lower nutrient degradation characteristics values than those of Gmelina arborea. While monens resulted in reduced nutrient degradation from Panicum maximum at 30 and 45 mg/kg DM, reduction in nutrients degradation from Gmelina arborea was observed only at 45 mg/kg DM. Comparatively, at similar levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg of monensin/kg DM, Panicum maximum had lower (P<0.05) degradation values to those observed for Gmelina arborea. The reduction effect of monensin on nutrient degradation from both forages suggests an inhibition of microbial digestion. This could increase rumen fill, reduce ruminal outflow rate and possibly increase the proportion of un-degradable proteins leaving the rumen for the lower tract. The particular level of monensin supplementation at which such reductions would occur depends on forage type  Keywords: , , .

scholarly journals KONSUMSI DAN KECERNAAN JERAMI JAGUNG MANADO KUNING DAN JERAMI JAGUNG HIBRIDA JAYA 3 PADA SAPI PO

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Nancy W.H. Tuwaidan ◽  
M. R. Waani ◽  
Rustandi - ◽  
S. S. Malalantang
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yellow Corn

ABSTRACT INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF YELLOW MANADO AND JAYA 3 HYBRID CORN SRAWS FOR ONGOLE GRADE CATTLE. Experiment was conducted to determine the intake capacity and digestibility of Manado yellow corn straw (MYCS) and Jaya 3 hybrid corn straw (J3HCS) as single feed for Ongole grade cattle (OGC). Five female OGC were used in this experiment, applied into two periods. The animals were fed with MYCS in the first stage and J3HCS in the second stage. The measured variables were including dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), digestibility of crude protein (DCP) and digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (DNDF). The data were analyzed by T test. The results showed that treatment significantly affected (p <0.05) the DMI, DMD, DCP and DNDF. It can be concluded DMI, DMD, DCP and DNDF of MYCS were higher than those of J3HCS.   Key words: Dry matter Intake, Digestibility, Corn straw, Ongole grade cattle.  

scholarly journals Komposisi Nutrien dan Mineral Silase Sabut Kelapa Muda pada Berbagai Level Penambahan Dedak Padi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Emilia Martha Narek ◽  
Floriana Petrosa Un ◽  
Bernadete Barek Koten ◽  
Redempta Wea ◽  
Aholiab Aoetpah
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Coconut Husk

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate minerals and nutrient composition of young coconut husk silage fermented with rice bran at different concentrations. The study was conducted for seven months in the Laboratory of Feed Technology of State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang. A completely randomised design was employed with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments were young coconut husk without rice bran (P0) or the husk plus 4% (P1), 8% (P2) or 12% (P3) of rice bran out of the silage total weight. Variables measured were dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre, Calcium, Potassium and Phosphorus. Analysis of variance showed that rice bran significantly (P<0.01) affects all variables measured. The Duncan’s range multiple test showed that 12% and 4% were the best rice bran concentrations to increase nutrient content and minerals of the silage, respectively. It can be concluded that adding 12% of rice bran to young coconut husk silage increased dry matter, ash, crude protein and crude lipid but reduced Calcium and Potassium. Crude fibre and Phosphorus increased at the inclusion of 8% rice bran.  Key words: Nutrient; Minerals; Rice bran; Silage; Young coconut husk.   Abstrak Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi komposisi nutrien dan mineral silase sabut kelapa muda pada berbagai level penambahan dedak padi, telah dilaksanakan selama 7 bulan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang, dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan yang terdiri dari P0 : sabut kelapa muda tanpa dedak padi, P1 : sabut kelapa muda + 4% dedak padi, P2 : sabut kelapa muda + 8% dedak padi, P3 : sabut kelapa muda + 12% dedak padi dengan 5 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diukur adalah kadar bahan kering (BK), kadar abu, kadar protein kasar (PK), kadar lemak kasar (LK), kadar serat kasar (SK), kadar kalsium (Ca), kadar kalium, dan kadar fosfor. Analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa level dedak padi yang berbeda berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kadar BK, kadar abu, kadar PK, kadar LK, kadar SK, kadar Ca, kadar K, dan kadar P. Uji Duncan memperlihatkan level dedak 12% menghasilkan nutrien terbaik dan level 4% menghasilkan kadar mineral terbaik. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan level dedak padi hingga 12% dapat meningkatkan kadar BK, kadar abu, kadar PK, dan kadar LK. tetapi menurunkan kadar Ca dan kadar K. Kadar SK  dan P meningkat hingga penambahan level dedak padi 8%. Kata kunci : Dedak padi; Kadar nutrient; Kadar mineral; Silase; Sabut kelapa muda.  

scholarly journals A MODIFIED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF IN SITU RUMEN DEGRADATION OF FEEDSTUFFS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. DE BOER ◽  
J. J. MURPHY ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Polyester Mesh ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Mesh Bag

In situ rumen dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance of various feed-stuffs was studied in Holstein cows. Comparisons of nylon bag size, method of containment within the rumen, and washing technique were made to develop a system which would reduce labor and improve precision among and within laboratories. Bags (7.0 × 11.0 cm) were suspended individually in the rumen by fishing line, or placed in a polyester mesh bag before being put in the rumen. No differences were observed between method of suspension in the rumen. The polyester mesh bag was then used to contain two nylon bag types (3.5 × 5.5 cm, 1-g sample (BT1); 7.0 × 11.0 cm; 5-g sample (BT2)) for incubation in the rumen. Small bags (BT1) were heat-sealed. Dry matter and CP disappearances from BT1 were lower than from BT2. These differences were attributed to washing technique as the larger bag (BT2) was washed more vigorously. A mechanical washing wheel was designed and built to reduce variability due to washing by hand. Bags washed by machine followed by hand washing had slightly higher DM and CP disappearances than bags washed by machine only; however, these differences did not significantly influence effective degradability. Feedstuffs were reincubated in small bags and large bags, and bags were mechanically washed. Dry matter and CP disappearance and effective rumen degradabilities of DM- and CP, assuming a constant rate of outflow, were not significantly different between bag types. Use of heat-sealed small bags (3.5 × 5.5 cm), containing 1-g samples incubated in the rumen within a polyester mesh bag, and a mechanical washer, provides a system for measuring in situ DM and CP disappearance from nylon bags which reduces labor input, can potentially improve consistency among and within laboratories, and facilitates high sample throughput. Key words: In situ, rumen, degradability, mechanical washer, Holstein cows

ULTRAFILTRATED WHEY PERMEATE PRODUCTS FOR GROWING-FINISHING STEERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1309-1314
Author(s):  
D. J. SCHINGOETHE ◽  
D. P. CASPER ◽  
W. J. COSTELLO ◽  
D. G. ROLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Whey Permeate ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Additional Processing

A 119-d field study with 50 Holstein steers weighing 408 ± 16 kg at the start evaluated feeding ultrafiltrated permeate of whey or three products made from additional processing of the permeate. Liquid permeates provided more than 17% of total dry matter intake while concentrated, ammoniated permeates provided more than 26% of crude protein intake. All whey permeate products tested were utilized well as indicated by weight gains, feed consumption, and carcass quality. Key words: Whey, whey products, cattle

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