EFFECTS OF WITHIN-ROW PLANT UNIFORMITY ON GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. MULDOON ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Selection Of

Two experiments were conducted over 3 yr to study the effects of variability in intra-row spacing on grain yield of maize; effects of non-uniformity in seedling size were also investigated. Experiment 1 consisted of single-row plots which were thinned in the seedling stage to produce stands of equivalent mean densities (i.e., the same number of plants per plot row), but with different lengths of gaps within the row; two additional treatments involved the selection of seedling plants which were either very uniform, or non-uniform, in height. Yield was unaffected by the presence of gaps up to 1 m long within the row. In general, plots of uniform seedling size outyieldcd those where seedling size was more variable. Experiment 2 involved a comparison of plots seeded to produce one, two, three or four plants per hill at an equivalent mean plant density (same number of plants per plot row). On average, yield was not depressed until the number of plants per hill exceeded two. No treatment effect on the intra-plot standard deviation of ear dry weight per plant was measured in any test. Experimental results indicate that uniformity of spacing, within the range commonly encountered with properly adjusted, commercial maize planters, is unlikely to affect yield. Uniformity of seeding depth is likely to be more crucial.

scholarly journals Spatial arrangement of maize plants aiming to maximize grain yield in the hybrid BRS-3046

2020 ◽  
pp. 1662-1669
Author(s):  
Marcus Willame Lopes Carvalho ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Junior ◽  
Carlos Antônio Ferreira de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing

The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effect of different spatial arrangements on morpho-physiological characteristics and (ii) determine the optimal spatial arrangement to maximize grain yield of the maize hybrid BRS-3046 grown in the Mid-North region of Brazil. We tested two row spacings (0.5 and 1 m) and five plant densities (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 plants m-2), which corresponded to 10 different plant spatial arrangements. Different morphophysiological variables, gas exchange rates and grain yield were measured. The increased planting density led to a linear increase in LAI, regardless of row spacing, while the net CO2 assimilation rate increased until the density of 4 and 6 plants m-2, under a row spacing of 0.5 and 1.0 m, respectively. On the other hand, we found a linear reduction in the stomatal conductance with increasing planting density. The intercellular CO2 concentration and the transpiration rate were higher in the widest row spacing. The instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation, in turn, showed a slight increase up to the density of six plants m-2, then falling, regardless of row spacing. Increasing plant density resulted in a linear increase in plant height and ear insertion height, regardless of row spacing. However, it had an opposite effect on stem diameter. Grain yield, in turn, increased up to 7.3 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 0.5 m and 8 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 1.0 m. This spatial arrangement was considered as ideal for achieving maximum yield

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINAL YIELD AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS AT FLOWERING IN INDIVIDUAL MAIZE PLANTS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. EDMEADES ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Black Layer ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Relationship

In an attempt to explain plant-to-plant variation in dry weight of maize (Zea mays L.), a computer program was developed to predict daily assimilation per plant and its distribution throughout the shoot at flowering. Inputs to the model were meteorological data, photosynthetic rate-irradiance curves, measurements of intraplant assimilate distribution at flowering, and the positions of individual leaves of plants grown in the field at three densities (50 000, 100 000 and 150 000 plants/ha). Dry weights were recorded on these same plants following black layer formation. Predicted effects of plant density on shoot growth compared favorably with available data. The correlation coefficient between predicted assimilation 1 day after anthesis and grain yield on the same plants, with treatment effects removed, was 0.67 (N = 360). The coefficient of variation of predicted assimilate flux per plant increased significantly with increasing density, and the fluxes were generally normally distributed. Results supported the concept of a threshold assimilation rate per plant below which grain would not normally form, and this appears to be the cause of the bimodal frequency distribution of grain yield per plant observed at high densities.

Effect of plant density and detopping following silking on cob growth, fodder and grain yield of maize (Zea mays)

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Roy ◽  
P. K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Stem Reserves

SUMMARYMaize was grown al the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Hathazari, Bangladesh during 1988/89 and 1989/90 to study fodder yield, cob growth and grain yield together with the contribution of pre-silking stem reserves to grain. Population densities were 33300, 44400 and 66600 plants/ha. Plants were either detopped after silking and pollen shedding, keeping 0, 2 or 3 leaves above the cob, or were left entire.The results showed that the maize crop could successfully be detopped for fodder with little or no adverse effect on grain yield. Fodder yield increased with increased plant density and among the detopping treatments the highest fodder yield was obtained when the plants were detopped just above the cob. Cob growth followed a sigmoid pattern and the highest dry weight per cob was obtained from the lowest plant density and from entire plants. The number of cobs/m2 increased with increased plant density but detopping treatments did not give any significant difference in relation to densities. The number of grains/cob was highest with 33300 plants/ha but, among the detopping treatments, plants detopped just above the cob had the lowest number of grains/cob in both years. Weight of 1000-grain decreased with increasing plant density but it was increased by detopping plants just above the cob during 1988/89, although it was decreased in 1989/90. The highest apparent translocation of pre-silking reserves was obtained using densities of 44400 plants/ha but detopping treatments did not show any consistent effect, although the highest apparent translocation (20%) and harvest index (58%) were obtained from plants detopped just above the cob.

scholarly journals Productivity and quality of grains of tritikale varieties at various quantities of mineral nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352
Author(s):  
Dragana Lalevic ◽  
Milan Biberdzic ◽  
Zoran Ilic ◽  
Lidija Milenkovic ◽  
Jelena Stojiljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
The North ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the influence of varieties and different doses of applied nitrogen on grain yield and protein content of triticale. The experiment was set in the period from 2010 to 2012 in the north of Montenegro, in the vicinity of Bijelo Polje. The research included 5 varieties of winter triticale (Odyssey, Kg-20, Triumph, Rtanj and Tango) originating from different breeding houses and the following varieties of fertilization: control (without fertilization), only nitrogen in the amount of 60 kg ha-1 and nitrogen in the amount of 60 and 90 kg ha-1 in combination with the same amount of phosphorus and potassium (80 kg ha-1). The results of the study showed that the lowest average grain yield was obtained in the non-fertilizing variant - control. The use of fertilizers in all tested varieties has led to a very significant increase in yield in all variants compared to control. The Kg-20 variety had the lowest average yield, and the Tango variety had the highest. The highest average protein content was achieved in the fertilizer variant where only nitrogen was used in the amount of 60 kg ha-1. Among the researched varieties, the Triumph variety had the highest protein content in the grains. The data on the achieved yields and the content of protein in grains, depending on the variety and the used doses of fertilizer, indicate the characteristics of individual varieties and can serve as a criterion for the selection of the most suitable variety for certain agroecological conditions. This is particularly important for cattle-oriented farms, where the main priority is to ensure a sufficient amount of quality food.

scholarly journals Sowing Systems as a Factor of Grain Yield in Sunflower Production

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Anamarija Banaj ◽  
Đuro Banaj ◽  
Davor Petrović ◽  
Bojan Stipešević ◽  
Vjekoslav Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Sowing Machine

The paper presents the results of a triennial study of the sowing system influence on the yied, grain weight per head, plant set per ha and of the grain moisture of a medium-early sunflower hybrid . Standard sowing was performed with the PSK OLT sowing machine at a row spacing amounting to 70 cm, while a twin row sowing was performed with the MaterMacc Twin Row-2 sowing machine at a row spacing of 22*48 cm. Both sowing machines were adjusted according to the ISO standard 7256/1 and 7256/2, with a high QFI index (PSK OLT: 96.32 %; MaterMacc Twin Row-2: 93.93 %). The research was conducted at the Gorjani Experimental Field on psudogley bearing the textured markings of a silty loam, with a weak acid reaction and a small amount of humus. An analysis of variance determined a statistical significance of the sowing system on the grain yield and the grain mass per sunflower head. Sowing in twin rows achieved the higher yields for all three research years : 19.59% in 2017, 19.11% in 2018, and 18.45% in 2019. Plant density was not statistically significantly affected by the sowing systems and vegetation year, but the grain moisture was statistically significantly different between the analyzed research years .

scholarly journals Effect of reduced spacing on relationship of physiological, morphological and productive traits of corn yield

2020 ◽  
pp. 1202-1208
Author(s):  
Luan de Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Josimar Batista Ferreira ◽  
Gleisson de Oliveira Nascimento ◽  
Vanderley Borges dos Santos ◽  
Clemeson Silva de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Relationship Of

Increasing corn grain production without devastating new forest areas is a viable alternative to controlling deforestation. However, increasing plant density in the area may alter plant morphophysiological and productive traits. The objective of this study was to characterize relationships between physiological, morphological and yield traits of corn plants, as well as the cause, effect and relationship of the traits on grain yield. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The corn hybrids (2B655PW, AG7088PRO3 and P4285YHR) were grown with row spacing of 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 95 cm. The evaluated traits physiological were: net photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular concentration of CO2 (Ci), leaf transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE) and carboxylation efficiency (CE). The morphological were: plant height (PH) and ear insertion height (EIH), stem diameter (SD), and leaf area (LA) and the productive traits were the total number of ear per hectare (NE), number of grains per ear (NGE), grain mass per ear (GME), 100 grain weight (100GW) and grain yield (GY). The characteristics of maize hybrids cultivated in environment with reduced spacing (40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 95cm) of the 2016/2017 crop were investigated through the multicollinearity path analysis. The physiological, morphological and productive traits are considered sources of variation of cause and effect of corn yield in reduced spaced. This traits are essential for observations in maize breeding programs to obtain high yielding varieties in reduced spacing. In conclusion, the physiological (PN, CE, WUE, Ci, Gs), morphological (EIH, SD, LA) and productive (NE, GME) traits provide gains in maize grain yield via indirect selection when the crop is subjected to 40 cm row spacing.

scholarly journals Effect of seed rate and row spacing on grain yield of sorghum

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
MR Gondal ◽  
A Hussain ◽  
S Yasin ◽  
M Musa ◽  
HS Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment to investigate the effect of seed rate (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 kg ha-1) and row spacing (30, 45 and 60cm) on agronomic characteristics of plants including stem densitym-2, plant height, stem diameter, number of heads m-2, number of heads per plant, number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight and grain yield was conducted using the cultivar “Sorghum 2011” for two years 2016 and 2017. Seed rates and row spacing had significant effect on plant height, plant density m-2, number of heads m-2, number of grains per head and grain yield. Row spacing had non-significant effect on stem diameter, number of heads per plant and 1000-grain weight. Row spacing at 30 cm produced the highest number of plants m-2 and plant height. Plant height increased with increase in seed rate in all the row spacing. Stem diameter decreased with increase in the seed rate and row spacing. Narrow row spacing (30 cm) and low seeding rate (5 kg ha-1) produced the maximum grain yield consistently during both years. Lower yields were recorded in the treatments having greater row spacing (60 cm) and higher seed rates (7.5, 10, 12.5 & 15 kg ha-1). Higher seed rates and wider row spacing induced morphological changes rendering plants to lodging.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 81-91 (2017)

Glyphosate Application Timings in Twin- and Single-row Corn and Soybean Spacings

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Corn Grain

Field research was conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine the effect of twin- and single-row spacing and POST glyphosate application timing on light interception, weed control, and grain yield of glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean. Row spacing did not affect light interception measured 10 to 11 wk after planting. Corn grain yield in 2002 was 1.0 Mg/ha higher in single rows compared with twin rows when averaged over glyphosate timing, but was unaffected by row spacing in 2003. Soybean grain yield was similar in 19- and 38-cm single rows, and single-row grain yield was 0.2 to 0.4 Mg/ha higher than the twin-row spacing. Corn grain yields were similar to the weed-free control when glyphosate was applied to weeds 10 to 15 cm tall in 2002 and 10 cm tall in 2003. Soybean yield was maximized by application of glyphosate to weeds 15 to 30 cm tall in 2002 and 60 cm tall in 2003.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing technology on the yield and harvest grain moisture content of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with different genotypes

2016 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Eszter Murányi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Significant Difference

From the aspect of the efficiency of maize production harvest grain moisture content shall be considered beside the amount of harvested grain yield. Hybrids with different genotypes and vegetation period length lose their moisture content different that is affected by row spacing and plant density – among agrotechnical production factors – depending on the given crop year. In the present research work three crop years with different weather conditions were studied (2013, 2014, and 2015). The small-plot field experiment was set up at the Látókép Field Research Centre of the University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural Sciences with four replications on a chernozem soil type. The effect of three factors was analysed in the experiment on yield amount and its moisture content. Factors were row spacing (45 and 76 cm), plant density (50, 70 and 90 thousand plants ha-1), while hybrids were of very early (Sarolta: FAO 290), early (DKC 4014: FAO 320, P 9175: FAO 330, P 9494: FAO 390) and medium (SY Afinity: FAO 470) ripening. In the crop year of 2013 the highest yield was produced – regarding the average of the hybrids – by the application of a row spacing of 45 cm (4.5%, 673 kg ha-1), however there was no significant difference between the yield of the populations of different row spacings. Significant difference (14.9%, 1751 kg ha-1; 6.3%, 583 kg ha-1) could be found in case of yield between different row spacing applications in 2014 and 2015. The effect of insufficiently distributed low amount of precipitation and lasting heat days in 2015 could be revealed in yield amounts and harvest grain yield moisture content results that were lower than in the previous years. In 2015 grain yield moisture content varied between 10.3 and 13.9% in case of a row spacing of 45 cm, while by 76 cm between 11.0 and 13.9%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document