USING A CELLULOLYTIC COMPLEX TO ESTIMATE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. DAVIS ◽  
R. L. McGRAW ◽  
D. A. SLEPER ◽  
P. R. BEUSELINCK
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Detergent Solution ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Digesting forages with a prepared cellulase solution (PCS) has been shown to be a rapid method of obtaining dry matter digestibility (DMD) estimates in many species. This procedure has not been previously used to obtain DMD estimates of broadleaf birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). A broad based population consisting of 19 accessions, representing 11 countries of origin, three germplasm pools, and two domesticated cultivars of birdsfoot trefoil was evaluated. The PCS was produced from culturing Trichoderma reesei Simmons culture number QM9414. Fiber and PCS determinations were compared to an in vitro rumen fermentation (IVDMD) procedure. The fiber components measured were; neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose (HEMI). The PCS procedures involved digestion using a PCS without any pre- or post-treatment (CS), acid-pepsin digestion followed by a single-stage digestion in PCS (APCS), acid detergent solution (ADS) followed by a two-stage digestion in PCS (ADSCS), and neutral detergent solution (NDS) followed by a two-stage digestion in PCS (NDSCS). All of the fiber and PCS procedures were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) correlated with IVDMD except HEMI. The CS procedure underestimated IVDMD by 199 g kg−1; however, it had the best regression coefficient (b = 0.99), had the second best correlation coefficient (r = 0.86), and required less time than the other PCS procedures. The APCS procedure provided the best estimate of IVDMD. It overestimated the IVDMD mean of birdsfoot trefoil by only 30 g kg−1 and was the most accurate (residual standard deviation (RSD) = 22 g kg−1) approach. The CS procedure is recommended when a ranking of samples is desired and actual values of DMD are not of primary interest.Key words: Fiber digestion, germplasm, in vitro dry matter digestibility, Lotus corniculatus L., Trichodenna reesei Simmons

scholarly journals Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of sugar cane oxide treated with calcium

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Romão ◽  
G.G.P. Carvalho ◽  
V.M. Leite ◽  
A.S. Santos ◽  
D.M.T. Chagas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The aim of this study was to identify the most adequate level of calcium oxide (CaO) in the treatment of sugar cane by evaluating the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. The sugar cane was homogenized with CaO levels 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3.0, 3.75 and 4.5%, in natura matter, for 24 hours. The dry matter and mineral matter increased, while the organic matter of the sugar cane decreased (P <0.05) linearly as a result of the CaO levels. The CaO had no effect on the levels of crude protein and ether extract. The phosphorus concentration remained unchanged, but there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the calcium content. The contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose decreased linearly with the levels of CaO. The average levels of indigestible dry matter and indigestible neutral detergent fiber significantly decreased with increasing levels of CaO. The results showed that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was different between fresh sugar cane and sugar cane with added levels of CaO from 1.5%. The IVDMD and nutritional value of the sugar cane was improved by adding 1.5% CaO based on fresh content.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI, KUALITAS, DAN KECERNAAN IN VITRO TANAMAN RUMPUT BENGGALA (Panicum maximum) PADA LAHAN SALIN

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Endang Dwi Purbajanti ◽  
R. Djoko Sutrisno ◽  
Eko Hanudin ◽  
Subur Priyono Sasmito Budhi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Guinea Grass

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and in vitro digestibility of Guinea grass grown on saline soil. Yield, quality, and in vitro digestibility of Guinea grass cultivated on coastal area with crop populations of 10,000,<br />20,000, and 30,000 plants per hectare. Experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design (RCBD). Higher crop population increased fresh and DM biomass production, crude protein (CP) yield, dry matter<br />(DM) content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin, and hemicellulose content, but decreased CP content, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD). The increased population had no effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro<br />dry matter digestibility (DMD). It could be concluded that guinea grass was recommended to be planted in saline coastal area by addition of fertilizer 20 tons/ha manure, 3 tons/ha gypsum, and 50 kg N (239 kg ZA/ha) as source of<br />nitrogen.</p><p><br />(Keywords: Forage, Salinity, Saline soil, Manure, Gypsum, Nitrogen source)<br /><br /></p>

A COMPARISON OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DRY MATTER DIGESTTBDLITY TECHNIQUES FOR THE EVALUATION OF FORAGE QUALITY

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. VALDES ◽  
G. E. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Standard Deviations

A two-stage cellulase-pepsin technique (CS) was compared with the two-stage rumen inoculum-pepsin (IVDMD) method to predict in vivo dry matter digestibility (in vivo DMD) in grasses (n = 30) and legumes (n = 25). Comparisons of CS with IVDMD in whole-plant corn (n = 186) were also conducted. There were significant correlations (P < 0.01) between CS and in vivo DMD and between CS and IVDMD in all forages. The coefficients of determination (r2) and residual standard deviations for the prediction of IVDMD by CS varied between 0.76 and 0.90 and 2.5 and 3.4, respectively. Key words: Digestibility (in vitro), digestibility (in vivo), fungal cellulases, forage

scholarly journals Fermentative profile and nutritional value of olive bagasse silage with feed additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neliton Flores Kasper ◽  
Gabriela Ceratti Hoch ◽  
Othon Dalla Colletta Altermann ◽  
Fabiane Quevedo Da Rosa ◽  
Leonardo Ereno Tadielo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The aim of this study was to measure the chemical composition, microbiological profile, fermentative characteristics and the aerobic stability of the olive bagasse silages in natura and added with corn bran, soybean and rice bran in different times of sampling. The was completely randomized design in arrangement of plots subdivided in 4x3 time, with five replications. In the plots were allocated the main treatments, and in the subplots the sampling times were allocated. The fermentative characteristics was studied by determination of the dry matter (DM) content, pH and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), the microbiological by determining the populations of filamentous fungi, Clostridia, lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria. In the nutrient profile study, the contents of mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, nitrogen bound to acid detergent fiber (NIDA), nitrogen bound to neutral detergent fiber (NIDN), carbohydrate and total digestible nutrient (TDN). At the ensilage moment, it also has been determined in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM). The use of corn and rice bran provided a better fermentative profile in the studied ensilage. The pH of the silages added corn and rice bran has presented in 4.00 and 4.06 after 112 storage days, consequently. The adding of soybean bran provided the greatest CP values and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) after the fermentative period, been it 131.55 g kg-1 of DM for CP and 176.28 g kg-1 of DM for NFC. The treatments without bran adding and rice bran added have demonstrated IVDOM levels of 581.12 g ka-1 od DM and 604.51 g kg-1 of DM, consequently. The studied meals improve the nutritional profile of the studied silages and are potentially usable as additives in olive bagasse silages.

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF NEAR INFRARED CALIBRATIONS FOR ESTIMATING IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN WHOLE-PLANT CORN HYBRIDS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. VALDES ◽  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
G. E. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant

A comparison of two near infrared (NIRA) calibrations (C1 and C2) for the prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDM) in whole-plant corn (WPC) was conducted. C1 consisted of 40 WPC samples collected from four locations across Ontario (Brucefield, London, Guelph and Elora). C2 consisted of 90 samples and included the above locations plus Pakenham and Winchester. Nine wavelengths were used in both equations but only three were common in C1 and C2 equations. These wavelengths were 2139 nm, 2100 nm, and 1445 nm, respectively. The predictions of IVDM utilizing both C1 and C2 were good. Coefficients of determination (r2) and standard error of the estimate (SEE) for calibration and prediction sets were 0.91, 1.7; 0.85, 1.7 for C1 and 0.88, 1.6; 0.77, 1.6 for C2 respectively. Regression analysis within location, however, showed low r2 values for the prediction of IVDM for Pakenham and Winchester in both calibrations. The more mature stage of harvest at these locations might be the cause of the poorer predictions. Key words: In vitro digestibility, whole-plant corn, near infrared reflectance

scholarly journals Production and quality of Tifton 85 pastures overseeded with black oat: effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2071
Author(s):  
João De Assis Farias Filho ◽  
Fabiana Luiza Matielo de Paula ◽  
Adalberto Luiz de Paula ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Fabrício Ghinzelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dead Material

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the bromatological quality, forage production, and botanical and structural composition of Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) pastures overseeded with black oat (Avena strigosa). Four treatments were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (irrigated and non-irrigated × fertilized and non-fertilized), with three replicates, in a completely randomized design. In irrigated paddocks, the irrigation system was activated when the soil matric potential reached a value equal to, or higher than, 10 kPa and 135 kg N ha-1 was applied to fertilized paddocks, divided into four applications. The forage mass pre- and post-grazing, total forage production, and the botanical, structural, and bromatological composition of the pastures were evaluated. No interaction was observed between the irrigation and nitrogen fertilization factors for any of the variables and no significant differences were observed in forage mass between pre- and post-grazing or in Tifton leaf and stem percentages. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on forage production, which was 2626.41 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1 higher in fertilized pastures than in unfertilized pastures. In addition, fertilization resulted in a lower percentage of dead material (6.66%), higher percentage of oat leaves (30.84%), higher leaf:stem ratio (1:45), higher crude protein content (24.13%), lower levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (64.57%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (32.86%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.01%) than in unfertilized pastures. The use of irrigation did not influence total forage production, however, it resulted in pastures with lower NDF (65.97%) and ADF (33.54%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.48%) than unirrigated pastures. Nitrogen fertilization produced improvements in pasture structure, associated with higher dry matter yield and bromatological quality, while irrigation only produced pastures with lower fiber content and greater digestibility.

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