Root and shoot dry matter partitioning in near-isogenic wheat lines differing in height

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
J. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Wheat Lines

Increased wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in most major cereal growing areas of the world have been associated with shorter cultivars which incorporate the Rht1 or Rht2 height-reducing alleles. Considerable uncertainty still exists, however, concerning the growth of vegetative tissues, especially roots, of these shorter genotypes. The objective of this study was to determine how dry matter (DM) partitioning, in vegetative shoot and root tissues, is related to plant height as determined by the number of Rht alleles present (tall (no Rht alleles), semidwarf (Rht1 or Rht2), dwarf (Rht1 and Rht2) within a common genetic background. Tall, semidwarf, and dwarf near-isogenic lines were studied within each of four diverse genetic backgrounds. Six controlled-environment experiments were carried out in which plants were grown in sand (nutrients applied hydroponically) and harvested following anthesis. Stem and shoot (total aboveground tissue) DM plant−1 increased with plant height. However, there was no relationship between plant height and root DM plant−1. Root/shoot ratios tended to be negatively correlated with plant height. Leaf blades and head DM plant−1 were not consistently related to plant height. In the absence of selection pressure, genotypes containing Rht alleles should have root DM comparable to their tall counterparts, and root/shoot ratios equal to, or greater than, their tall counterparts. The Rht alleles also decreased individual leaf blade areas, primarily through effects on leaf length, and increased stomatal frequencies of early leaves; effects on the flag and penultimate leaves were ambiguous, suggesting that the gibberellic acid (GA3) intensitive Rht alleles exert greater control during earlier growth stages. Key words: Height-reducing alleles, plant height, tall, semidwarf, dwarf

scholarly journals Growth and dry matter partitioning response in cereal-legume intercropping under full and limited irrigation regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Farhan Khalil ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Winter Crops

AbstractThe dry matter partitioning is the product of the flow of assimilates from the source organs (leaves and stems) along the transport route to the storage organs (grains). A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the agronomy research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015–2016 (Y1) to 2016–2017 (Y2) having semiarid climate. Four summer crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were grown under two irrigation regimes (full vs. limited irrigation) with the pattern of growing each crop either alone as sole crop or in combination of two crops in each intercropping system under both winter and summer seasons. The result showed that under full irrigated condition (no water stress), all crops had higher crop growth rate (CGR), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and spike/head dry weight (S/H/PDW) at both anthesis and physiological maturity (PM) than limited irrigated condition (water stress). In winter crops, both wheat and barley grown as sole crop or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Among summer crops, sorghum intercropped either with pigeon pea or with mungbean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at both growth stages. Sole mungbean and pigeon pea or pigeon pea and mungbean intercropping had higher CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than millet and sorghum intercropping. On the other hand, wheat and barley grown as sole crops or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Fababean grown as sole crop or intercropped with wheat produced higher CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at PM than intercropped with barley or rapeseed. From the results it was concluded that cereal plus legume intercropping particularly wheat/fababean in winter and sorghum/pigeon pea or sorgum/mungbean in summer are the most productive intercropping systems under both low and high moisture regimes.

scholarly journals Development, growth and dry matter partitioning in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) as influenced by photoperiod and shading

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BRINK
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Environment Study

A semi-controlled environment study was conducted from May to September 1996 in Wageningen, The Netherlands, to investigate the interaction between growth and development in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) and the influence of photoperiod on dry matter partitioning. The experimental design was a split-plot with four photoperiods (10·5, 11·8, 13·2 and 14·5 h/d) and two light treatments: unshaded and shaded (42% light reduction). The selection used was ‘DipC94’ from Botswana. The dates of 50% flowering and 50% podding were determined, and samples of plants were harvested at 22, 36, 50, 64, 78, 92, 106 and 120 days after sowing. Total dry matter production was 41% lower in the shaded treatment than in the unshaded treatment, but the rates of progress from sowing to flowering and flowering to podding decreased by only 3 and 12% respectively. This suggests that growth and development in bambara groundnut are largely independent. Photoperiod influenced dry matter partitioning indirectly, through its influence on the onset of podding. There were, however, no strong direct photoperiod effects on dry matter partitioning, either before or after the onset of podding.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Partitioning, Carbohydrate Composition, Protein Reserves, and Fruiting in ‘Autumn Bliss’ Red Raspberry Vary in Response to Pruning Date and Cane Density

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Brás de Oliveira ◽  
Maria José Silva ◽  
Ricardo B. Ferreira ◽  
Cristina M. Oliveira ◽  
António A. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration

In a 2-year experiment (1994 and 1995), plants of primocane-fruiting red raspberry cultivar ‘Autumn Bliss’ grown in a plastic greenhouse were destructively harvested at different growth stages to determine the effect of pruning date and cane density on dry matter distribution, carbohydrate concentration, and soluble protein concentration in different plant parts. Three summer-pruning dates (early, mid, and late July) and four cane densities (8, 16, 24, and 32 canes/m row) were imposed. Relative root biomass decreased from pruning to first flower stage and remained constant thereafter for all pruning dates. Earlier pruning dates corresponded to earlier fruit production, but yield was significantly reduced on later pruning dates and higher cane densities. Sucrose concentration was higher in fine roots than in suberized roots and had a slight decrease during flowering and the beginning of harvest. Soluble protein concentrations did not differ significantly between pruning dates. Reserve carbohydrates in the root system were unaffected by pruning and cane density, and were rapidly used during active vegetative growth, began to recover just after bloom, and were fully recovered at the end of the season. Our experiment suggested that in red raspberry plants grown under poor environmental conditions, current yield is reduced but there is enough carbohydrate accumulation to support next year's growth.

scholarly journals Dry Matter Partitioning and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as Influenced by Sowing Thermal Regimes and Bio-regulators

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Hansa Lakhran ◽  
O. P. Sharma ◽  
Rohitash Bajiya ◽  
H. P. Verma ◽  
Meena Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Control Water ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was carried out during the rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Agronomy Farm, S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan, to evaluate the effect of sowing at different thermal regimes and foliar sprays of bio-regulators on growth and yield of wheat. The treatments comprised three sowings (22ºC, 20ºC and 18ºC) and eight bio-regulators (control, water spray, SA @ 100 ppm, SA @ 200 ppm, TSA @ 100 ppm, TSA @ 200 ppm, TGA @ 100 ppm and TGA @ 200 ppm). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with 4 replications. Wheat sown at 20ºC showed superior performance in respect of dry-matter partitioning and yield parameters, i.e. grain, straw biological and yields as compared to sowing at 22ºC and 18ºC. Amongst the bio-regulators options, an application of SA @ 200 ppm resulted in better performance, being comparable with those of TSA @ 200 ppm and TGA @ 200 ppm. Crop sown at 20ºC along with SA @ 200 ppm was found to be a better option for maximum dry matter accumulation and productivity of wheat under heat stress.

scholarly journals Residual impact of wellgrow formulation and npk on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
VS Meena ◽  
BR Maurya ◽  
RS Meena
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Matter Production

Effect of concentrate organic manure (wellgrow grain and wellgrow soil) and NPK improved the growth and yield of wheat. Significant improvement in terms of growth parameters like plant height, tillers, dry matter production and productive tillers with application of 120 : 60 : 60 NPK + 300 kg wellgrow soil/ha and at par with application of 120 : 60 : 60 NPK + 300 kg wellgrow grain/ha, treatment receiving 100% NPK + 300 kg wellgrow soil/ha resulted maximum grain yield (4545 kg /ha). Treatment of 100% NPK + 300 kg wellgrow grain/ha maintained higher straw yield (5715 kg/ha) and test weight (44.10 g) due to application of 100 % NPK along with 200 kg wellgrow soil/ha whereas it was at par with application of 75 and 100% NPK with both levels of wellgrow formulation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22738 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 143-146, 2015 (March)

scholarly journals Effect of Magnesium Fertilization Systems on Grain Yield Formation by Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the Grain-Filling Period

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Jarosław Potarzycki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Yield Formation

The application of magnesium significantly affects the components of the wheat yield and the dry matter partitioning in the grain-filling period (GFP). This hypothesis was tested in 2013, 2014, and 2015. A two-factorial experiment with three rates of magnesium (0, 25, 50 kg ha−1) and four stages of Mg foliar fertilization (without, BBCH 30, 49/50, two-stage) was carried out. Plant material collected at BBCH: 58, 79, 89 was divided into leaves, stems, ears, chaff, and grain. The wheat yield increased by 0.5 and 0.7 t ha−1 in response to the soil and foliar Mg application. The interaction of both systems gave + 0.9 t ha−1. The Mg application affected the grain yield by increasing grain density (GD), wheat biomass at the onset of wheat flowering, durability of leaves in GFP, and share of remobilized dry matter (REQ) in the grain yield. The current photosynthesis accounted for 66% and the REQ for 34%. The soil-applied Mg increased the REQ share in the grain yield to over 50% in 2014 and 2015. The highest yield is possible, but provided a sufficiently high GD, and a balanced share of both assimilate sources in the grain yield during the maturation phase of wheat growth.

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