Effects of Ca2+- and Mg2+-enriched germination media on germination and sugar leakage of Ca-deficient soybean seed

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Keiser ◽  
R. E. Mullen ◽  
P. N. Hinz
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Inadequate seed Ca concentrations are associated with reduced seed quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Standard germination and sugar leakage tests were conducted to determine the effect of seed Ca content and exogenous Ca2+ or Mg2+ on seed quality and seed leakage. Soybean seeds containing different Ca levels were germinated in rolled towels that had been soaked in distilled water, 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2, or 0.01 M Mg(NO3)2. Sugar leakage was measured by soaking seed containing 1.10, 1.72 or 2.36 mg g−1 Ca in distilled water, 0.01 M Ca (NO3)2, 0.01 M Mg(NO3)2 or polyethylene glycol (PEG). An aliquot of the bathing solution was analyzed for sugar content after 6, 12 and 24 h of soaking, by using high-performance liquid chromatography. As seed Ca content decreased from 2.36 to 1.10 mg g−1, germination in distilled water decreased from 87 to 56%. Addition of either Ca(NO3)2 or Mg(NO3)2 to the medium resulted in increased germination of low-Ca seed, but Ca(NO3)2 was more effective in improving germination of low-Ca seed than Mg(NO3)2. Total sugar leakage was significantly greater in low-Ca seed than in high-Ca seed. Bathing solutions of Ca(NO3)2 or Mg(NO3)2 significantly decreased sugar leakage, compared with distilled water or PEG. These results suggest that the role of Ca in seed germination may involve membrane stabilization. They also indicate that the addition of Ca(NO3)2 or Mg(NO3)2 to the germination medium may improve germination of Ca-deficient seed. Key words: Soybean, germination, calcium, magnesium, sugar leakage, membrane integrity

scholarly journals Length polymorphisms of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in assisted selection for lipoxygenase-free in soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIA CARPENTIERI-PIPOLO ◽  
Thales Pereira Barreto ◽  
Daiana Alves Silva ◽  
Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor ◽  
Silvana Rockenbach Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Glycine Max L

Beany flavor of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is caused by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by the action of three lipoxygenases (LOX1, LOX2 and LOX3) present in mature seeds. The unpleasant flavor restricts human consumption of soybean products. This problem could be solved through genetic elimination of alleles that code these enzymes. Parental cultivars and two hybrid population were selected and analyzed using genetic markers for alleles locus, encoding Lox1, Lox2 and Lox3 free. The SSR marker Satt212 confirmed the presence of the homozygous null-allele Lx3 in the cultivar BRS 213, which were used for hybridization with BR 36. Heterozygote F1 hybrid plants and homozygous Lx3 lines in F2 segregating populations were successfully identified.  The SSR markers Sat090 and Sat417 was the most effective diagnostic marker among the all SSR markers tested. Satt090 and Satt417 confirmed the presence of the homozygous Lx2 null-allele in the parental cultivar BRS 213 by flanking Lx2 loci at 3,00 and 2,77 cM, respectively. The presence of Lx2 null allele in The F2 segregating populations between BRS 213 and BRS 155 were successfully identified with a selection efficiency of 98% and have great potential for further application in the Brazilian breeding program aimed at improving soybean seed quality.

scholarly journals Soybean Industrial Seed Treatment: Effect on Physiological Quality During Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
C. R. Bork ◽  
A. S. Almeida ◽  
C. S. Castellano ◽  
G. Zimmer ◽  
T. D. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Spray Volume

The aim of this study was to analyze soybean seed physiological quality after being subjected to various mixtures of pesticides via industrial seed treatment. The experiment was performed at the seed laboratory of the company BioGrow, located at São Paulo-SP, using soybean seeds cultivar NS 6700 IPRO which were subjected to 11 different treatments. Seed treatment was carried out using a treater Momesso, model L5-K, calibrated to apply a spray volume of 0.5 L 100 kg-1 of seeds in which the volume of each treatment was adjusted using distilled water. After treatment, seeds were spread over plastic strays for drying for a period of 24 hours under environmental conditions. Once dry, seeds were packed in paper bags and stored for 0 (control), 45, 90, 135 and 180 days, under uncontrolled conditions of temperature and relative humidity, when seed physiological quality was evaluated using the following tests: germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence, speed of emergence index and speed of emergence. Soybean industrial seed treatment before storage for up to 180 days is practicable using the mixtures of pesticides tested for storing seeds under environmental conditions. All treatments tested contribute to the maintenance of seed quality throughout storage.

scholarly journals Yield and chemical composition of soybean seed under different irrigation regimes in the Vojvodina region  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kresović Branka ◽  
Gajic Bosko Andrija ◽  
Tapanarova Angelina ◽  
Dugalić Goran
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

The goal of the present research is to determine an effective sprinkler irrigation strategy for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in temperate climate conditions, in order to maximize yields and seed quality. A three-year field experiment with four different irrigation treatments was conducted on Calcic Chernozem in the Vojvodina region of Serbia. The irrigation regimes included: no irrigation; full irrigation (I<sub>100</sub>); and two deficit irrigation treatments – 65% of I<sub>100</sub> (I<sub>65</sub>) and 40% of I<sub>100</sub>. The irrigation treatments generally had a statistically significant effect on the increase of soybean yield and protein content. Irrigation did not have a significant effect on the oil content. In general, irrigation increased K, P, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B concentrations and decreased Ca and Fe concentrations in soybean seed. The results show that irrigation with the largest amount of water (treatment I<sub>100</sub>) provided no potential benefit in terms of soybean yield and chemical composition. Treatment I<sub>65</sub>, which exhibited the most favourable watering conditions, is the best choice to maximize yield and ensure a good chemical composition of soybean under these agroecological conditions.  

scholarly journals Use of chlrophyll fluorescence sorting to improve soybean seed quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Moure Cicero ◽  
Rob Van Der Schoor ◽  
Henk Jalink
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Sorting Technique ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Sorting Process

The occurrence of green seeded soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is a problem closely related to unfavorable climatic conditions, mainly drought, that occurs during the final stages of seed maturation. This problem causes serious losses to soybean seed quality in Brazil. In these seeds, chlorophyll is not properly degraded during maturation, drastically reducing seed quality. Using the chlorophyll fluorescence technique, it is possible to remove green seeds from the seed lot, improving seed quality in several species in which the occurrence of green seeds is also a problem. The objective of this research was to study the use of the chlorophyll fluorescence technique in sorting green seeds from soybean seed samples and its effects on quality. Five seed samples of soybean, cultivar TMG 113 RR, with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of green seeds were used in this study. Seeds from each sample were sorted into two fractions based on the chlorophyll fluorescence signals and then compared to the control (non-sorted seeds). The sorting process showed great differences between the low and high chlorophyll fluorescence fractions. It was concluded that: green seeds of soybeans present high chlorophyll fluorescence and that this characteristic affects the quality of the seeds; it is possible to improve the quality of soybean seed by removing green seeds using the chlorophyll fluorescence sorting technique.

scholarly journals Autofluorescence-spectral imaging as an innovative method for rapid, non-destructive and reliable assessing of soybean seed quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clíssia Barboza da Silva ◽  
Nielsen Moreira Oliveira ◽  
Marcia Eugenia Amaral de Carvalho ◽  
André Dantas de Medeiros ◽  
Marina de Lima Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractIn the agricultural industry, advances in optical imaging technologies based on rapid and non-destructive approaches have contributed to increase food production for the growing population. The present study employed autofluorescence-spectral imaging and machine learning algorithms to develop distinct models for classification of soybean seeds differing in physiological quality after artificial aging. Autofluorescence signals from the 365/400 nm excitation-emission combination (that exhibited a perfect correlation with the total phenols in the embryo) were efficiently able to segregate treatments. Furthermore, it was also possible to demonstrate a strong correlation between autofluorescence-spectral data and several quality indicators, such as early germination and seed tolerance to stressful conditions. The machine learning models developed based on artificial neural network, support vector machine or linear discriminant analysis showed high performance (0.99 accuracy) for classifying seeds with different quality levels. Taken together, our study shows that the physiological potential of soybean seeds is reduced accompanied by changes in the concentration and, probably in the structure of autofluorescent compounds. In addition, altering the autofluorescent properties in seeds impact the photosynthesis apparatus in seedlings. From the practical point of view, autofluorescence-based imaging can be used to check modifications in the optical properties of soybean seed tissues and to consistently discriminate high-and low-vigor seeds.

Seed quality response of soybean to weed control timing using glyphosate

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213-1219
Author(s):  
S. Y. C. Essah ◽  
U. R. Bishnoi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Quality Response

Field and laboratory studies were conducted during 1997 and 1998 in the southeast United States to determine the influence of timing of glyphosate application on seed germination (standard germination and germination index) and vigor (cold test emergence, accelerated aged emergence, and seed conductivity) of three glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars that belong to different maturity groups (MG). The soybean cultivars used were H4994 (MG IV — early maturing), H5164 (MG V — medium maturing) and H6686 (MG VI — late maturing). Weeds were controlled by glyphosate applied at 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1 at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 wk after soybean emergence (WAE). Using glyphosate to control weeds at 5 WAE or later in the early- and medium-maturing cultivars (H4994 and H5164) results in soybean plants able to produce seeds with more vigor and germinability than when weeds are removed earlier. For late-maturing cultivar H6686, weed control at 4 WAE produces seeds with higher germination and vigor than when weeds are removed later. Key words: Glyphosate, weed control timing, soybean, seed germination and vigor, weed dry weight

scholarly journals Sugar Variation in Soybean Seed Assessed with a Rapid Extraction and Quantification Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hou ◽  
P. Chen ◽  
A. Shi ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
Y.-J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Rapid Extraction ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Sugar content in soybean [Glycine max(L) Merr.] seed is an important quality attribute for soyfood and feed. Rapid extraction and quantification of soluble sugars in soybean seed are essential for large-scale breeding selections. In this study, using water as extractant combined with a high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) system, variability and repeatability of sugar content were tested in 20 diverse soybean genotypes. Individual sugars were clearly resolved and identified, including sucrose, stachyose, raffinose, glucose, fructose, and verbascose. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a highly reproducible estimation of sucrose, stachyose, and raffinose. PI 243545 was confirmed as a unique germplasm with the highest sucrose (105.48 mg/g) and total sugar (148.76 mg/g) content. Two low-oligosaccharide accessions, PI 200508 and 03CB-14, were confirmed with extremely low concentrations of raffinose and stachyose. PI 417559 was identified as a high glucose and fructose germplasm. The identified germplasm with unique sugar profiles will be valuable in breeding specialty soybeans for improved sugar content. The sugar testing method will facilitate the screening of seed sugar profiles in a large-scale soybean breeding program.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

Two Short Tests Fail to Detect Vigilance Decrements

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Botella ◽  
María José Contreras ◽  
Pei-Chun Shih ◽  
Víctor Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Job Selection ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Summary: Deterioration in performance associated with decreased ability to sustain attention may be found in long and tedious task sessions. The necessity for assessing a number of psychological dimensions in a single session often demands “short” tests capable of assessing individual differences in abilities such as vigilance and maintenance of high performance levels. In the present paper two tasks were selected as candidates for playing this role, the Abbreviated Vigilance Task (AVT) by Temple, Warm, Dember, LaGrange and Matthews (1996) and the Continuous Attention Test (CAT) by Tiplady (1992) . However, when applied to a sample of 829 candidates in a job-selection process for air-traffic controllers, neither of them showed discriminative capacity. In a second study, an extended version of the CAT was applied to a similar sample of 667 subjects, but also proved incapable of properly detecting individual differences. In short, at least in a selection context such as that studied here, neither of the tasks appeared appropriate for playing the role of a “short” test for discriminating individual differences in performance deterioration in sustained attention.

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