Scorpion Kaliotoxin Reverses Hyperkalemia, High Serum [K+ ], in Skeletal Muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Lal
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Serum

scholarly journals Relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status with skeletal muscle mass by sex and age group among Korean adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jung Ko ◽  
Sungha Yun ◽  
Kyungwon Oh ◽  
Kirang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine whether high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with high skeletal muscle mass, taking into account the effects of sex and age among the participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged 40 years or older. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the 2009 to 2010 KNHANES; a total of 8406 subjects (3671 men and 4735 women) were included. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI, kg/m2) was estimated to measure the skeletal muscle mass. Hypovitaminosis was classified when the level of serum 25(OH)D was <20 ng/ml. The general linear model adjusted for confounding factors was used to determine differences in means of ASMMI by 25(OH)D status. The mean values of ASMMI were higher for men when compared with women. Women had a greater proportion of hypovitaminosis (71·1 %) compared with men (53·2 %). After adjusting for multiple factors, men were seen to have significant differences in ASMMI based on 25(OH)D status regardless of age, showing a lower mean value of ASSMI in those with hypovitaminosis. However, there was no difference in ASMMI by 25(OH)D status among women in both younger and older age groups. In conclusion, we found that there might be a positive relationship between 25(OH)D and skeletal muscle mass in men, indicating that interventions to improve 25(OH)D levels that are aimed at increasing muscle mass could be beneficial for men with more rapid decreased rate of skeletal muscle mass.

Characterization of patients with high serum level of IL-6 in advanced pancreatic cancer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
Tomofumi Miura ◽  
Shuichi Mitsunaga ◽  
Satoshi Shimizu ◽  
Izumi Ohno ◽  
Hideaki Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Treatment Naïve

197 Background: IL-6 is a key mediator of cancer cachexia. The degree of cachexia affects serum IL-6 level in pancreatic cancer (PC) and is varied according to disease progression. The study population to characterize advanced PC patients with high IL-6 level needs the homogeneity in disease status. This study was aimed to identify IL-6-related factors in patients who were scheduled to undergo first-line chemotherapy for treatment-naïve advanced PC. Methods: Patients with treatment-naïve advanced PC were eligible for inclusion in this study. Patients with obvious infection or biliary drainage were excluded. Serum IL-6 levels and clinical parameters (e.g. symptoms, body composition) were prospectively collected. A high IL-6 level was defined as a value greater than the median value in all of the analyzed patients, and analyses were performed to identify risk factors for high IL-6 levels. Results: Eighty patients were analyzed. A multivariate analysis determined that the following parameters were associated with high IL-6: the presence of liver metastasis [Odds ratio (OR): 4.8, p < 0.01], fatigue (OR 3.4, p = 0.02), high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (OR: 6.9, p = 0.03), anemia (OR: 9.5, p = 0.01), and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (OR: 12.4, p = 0.02). A decreased skeletal muscle mass tended to be frequently observed in patients with high IL-6 levels. Conclusions: High serum IL-6 related the presence of liver metastasis, severe fatigue, high CEA, high CRP and anaemia. Additionally, skeletal muscle loss might be the IL-6 related factor.

scholarly journals Toxic Effect of Vancomycin on Viability and Functionality of Different Cells Involved in Tissue Regeneration

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Joy Braun ◽  
Stefanie Eckes ◽  
Pol Maria Rommens ◽  
Katja Schmitz ◽  
Daniela Nickel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Function

To prevent infections local delivery of antibiotics is a useful tool. Especially in bone fractures, vancomycin impregnated bone cements are often used allowing high concentrations of antibiotics at the infection side without high serum concentrations. However, besides potential pathogens, cells involved in tissue regeneration may also be affected by the drug. We investigated the effect of vancomycin on the viability and functionality on osteoblasts, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells. Our results show that the viability of all cells analyzed was reduced by vancomycin and that the observed effects were time and concentration dependent. The most pronounced toxic effect was detected on day three when even the lowest concentration of 0.01 mg/ml led to a significant decrease in proliferation compared to control. Functionality assays of osteoblasts and skeletal muscle cells revealed a sensitive reaction of the cells to the drug, indicating that vancomycin is toxic to these cells during the process of differentiation. These data suggest that the vancomycin administration is critical for cell survival and function. Therefore, the concentration of administered antibiotics needs to be carefully evaluated to find a balance between defense against pathogens and functionality of host cells and tissues.

Effects of thyroid hormones and cold exposure on turnover of norepinephrine in cardiac and skeletal muscle

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Tedesco ◽  
K. V. Flattery ◽  
E. A. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Hormonal Activity ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Treatment Groups

[3H]Norepinephrine ([3H]NE) was injected intravenously to euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid rats kept at 23 °C, acutely exposed to 4 °C and acclimated to 4 °C. The decline of specific activity in heart muscle (taken as an index of turnover) was measured at 10 min and [Formula: see text], 6, 12, and 18 h after injection. Turnover was significantly higher in each treatment group at 4 °C than at 23 °C. At 23 °C turnover in the hypothyroid group was higher than in the euthyroid, which in turn was higher than in the hyperthyroid group (half times 5, 8.3, and 10.8 h respectively (P < 0.001). After 12 h at 4 °C, the same relationship was found (half times 1.9, 3.5, and 4.3 h respectively (P < 0.001). After acclimation to 4 °C, turnover in the hypothyroid group was higher than in the euthyroid or hyperthyroid groups (P < 0.001) with half times of 2.1, 4.1, and 3.9 h. These values were not significantly different from those of the same treatment groups acutely exposed to 4 °C. The highest turnover rates were in rats with lowest serum thyroxine (T4). Nevertheless hyperthyroid rats exposed to 4 °C had increased turnover rates in spite of high serum T4 concentration. The decline in specific activity of [3H]NE is attributable to 'dilution' by newly synthesized NE and hence it is unlikely that the effect of T4 was produced by inhibition of biosynthesis. Decline of specific activity of [3H]NE in gastrocnemius–soleus muscle of euthyroid rats was measured at 10 min and 6 and 12 h after injection. Half times for animals at 23 °C, 4 °C, and acclimated to 4 °C were 35, 19, and 17 h. The latter two values (as with heart) did not differ significantly. The findings afford direct evidence that increased synthesis and secretion of NE occur in rats exposed to 4 °C and a partial reciprocal relationship exists between thyroid hormonal activity and turnover of NE.

scholarly journals McArdle Disease: New Insights into Its Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5919
Author(s):  
Llavero ◽  
Arrazola Sastre ◽  
Luque Montoro ◽  
Gálvez ◽  
Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glycogen Storage Disease Type ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Mcardle Disease ◽  
Type V

McArdle disease, also known as glycogen storage disease type V (GSDV), is characterized by exercise intolerance, the second wind phenomenon, and high serum creatine kinase activity. Here, we recapitulate PYGM mutations in the population responsible for this disease. Traditionally, McArdle disease has been considered a metabolic myopathy caused by the lack of expression of the muscle isoform of the glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM). However, recent findings challenge this view, since it has been shown that PYGM is present in other tissues than the skeletal muscle. We review the latest studies about the molecular mechanism involved in glycogen phosphorylase activity regulation. Further, we summarize the expression and functional significance of PYGM in other tissues than skeletal muscle both in health and McArdle disease. Furthermore, we examine the different animal models that have served as the knowledge base for better understanding of McArdle disease. Finally, we give an overview of the latest state-of-the-art clinical trials currently being carried out and present an updated view of the current therapies.

scholarly journals Mct8-Deficient Mice Have Increased Energy Expenditure and Reduced Fat Mass That Is Abrogated by Normalization of Serum T3 Levels

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. 4885-4895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Di Cosmo ◽  
Xiao-Hui Liao ◽  
Honggang Ye ◽  
Alfonso Massimiliano Ferrara ◽  
Roy E. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Mct8 Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Mice

Children with monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency lose weight, even when adequately nourished. Changes in serum markers of thyroid hormone (TH) action compatible with thyrotoxicosis suggested that this might be due to T3 excess in peripheral tissues. Mct8-deficient mice (Mct8KO) replicate the human thyroid phenotype and are thus suitable for metabolic studies so far unavailable in humans. In the current work, compared with wild-type (Wt) mice, Mct8KO mice were leaner due to reduced fat mass. They tended to use more carbohydrates and fewer lipids during the dark phase. Mct8KO mice had increased total energy expenditure (TEE) and food and water intake, with normal total activity, indicating hypermetabolism. To determine whether this is due to the high serum T3, we studied mice deficient in both Mct8 and deiodinase 1 (Mct8D1KO) with serum T3 similar to Wt mice and Wt mice given L-T3 to raise their serum T3 to the level of Mct8KO mice. Contrary to Mct8KO, Mct8D1KO mice had similar fat mass, TEE, and food intake as their D1KO littermates, whereas T3-treated Wt mice showed increased food intake and TEE, similar to Mct8KO mice. In skeletal muscle, Mct8KO mice had increased T3 content and TH action and increased glucose metabolism, which improved in Mct8D1KO mice. These studies indicate that the high serum T3 in MCT8 deficiency increases the TEE and fails to maintain weight despite adequate calorie intake. This is mediated by tissues that are not predominantly MCT8 dependent for TH transport, including skeletal muscle. Normalizing serum T3 level by deleting deiodinase 1 corrects body composition and the metabolic alterations caused by the MCT8 deficiency.

scholarly journals South American Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus spp.) Envenomation in Dogs in the Semiarid Region of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizael Machado ◽  
Clarice Ricardo De Macêdo Pessoa ◽  
André Flávio Almeida Pessoa ◽  
Rodrigo De Souza Mendes ◽  
Rosane Maria Trindade de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
South American ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Crotalus Durissus

Background:  South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus spp.) envenomation is rarely reported in small animals and livestock in Brazil. Minor swelling at the snakebite site, skeletal muscle, and renal damage, and severe neurological signs characterize the crotalic envenomation. This case report aims to present epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data of two cases of Crotalus durissus spp envenomation in dogs in the Northeast of Brazil.Cases: Envenomation by Crotalus durissus spp. was recorded in two dogs in Patos, State of Paraíba, Brazil. In Case 1, the dog presented flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, a deficit of cranial nerves, epistaxis, and gingival hemorrhages. Laboratory assay showed proteinuria, myoglobinuria, regenerative thrombocytopenia, and increased serum activities of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The dog was medicated with crotalic antivenom and wholly recovered from local and systemic clinical signs. In Case 2, the dog died and was detected fang marks at the ventral region of the left mandible (two small parallel perforations spaced 2.0 cm apart) at the snakebite site. Cyanosis of the oral cavity, congestion, and hemorrhages in several organs were observed at necropsy. Tubular nephrosis, muscular necrosis, hepatocytes swelling were observed. The owners witnessed snakebites, and the rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus spp.) identified by the rattle at the end portion of the tail in both cases. Discussion: Natural South American rattlesnake envenomation presents complex clinical signs that makes diagnosis a challenge for veterinary practitioners. The criteria for the correct diagnosis and observed in the two dogs include witness of the snakebite, identification of the snake, detection of fang marks, clinical-pathological findings, and therapeutic response to treatment with specific anti-venom. The dog’s owners did not identify the subspecies of rattlesnakes; however, Crotalus durissus cascavella and Crotalus durissus collilineatus are the only species found in the Northeast region of Brazil. Crotoxin is the primary toxic component of South American rattlesnake, which induces neuromuscular blockage, and neurological signs (skeletal muscle flaccid paralysis, apathy, hyporeflexia, cranial nerve deficits). These clinical signs are similar to those observed in the two dogs. Respiratory distress, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage are secondary to respiratory muscle paralysis and also detected in a dog (Case 2) with crotalic envenomation. Minor local swelling at the snakebite site,  myotoxicity observed in both dogs (high serum activities of CK and AST - Case 1), degeneration and necrosis of muscle fibers - Case 2), and fang marks observed in Case 2, strengthen the diagnosis of Crotalus durissus envenomation. Nephrotoxicity was also detected in both dogs (increased specific gravity of urine - Case 1 and myoglobin deposition and degeneration of renal epithelial tubular cells - Case 2). Coagulative disorders and hepatotoxicity are infrequently in domestic animals and humans with crotalic envenomation. High serum activities of ALP and ALT in Case 1, and swelling of hepatocytes in Case 2, suggest liver damage associated with the crotalic envenomation. The differential diagnosis of South American rattlesnake envenomation should be included in dogs with acute neuromuscular flaccid paralysis, associated or not with bleeding disorders, myoglobinuria, and acute kidney injury.

scholarly journals High serum concentrations of growth differentiation factor-15 in male Crohn’s disease patients with low skeletal muscle index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Fuminao Takeshima ◽  
Masafumi Haraguchi ◽  
Kayoko Matsushima ◽  
Moto Kitayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Sarcopenia is defined as low skeletal muscle index (SMI) in addition to low muscle strength (MS) or low physical function, and many biomarkers have been reported. In Crohn's disease (CD), low SMI is associated with predictors and complications of intestinal resection. Therefore, in many reports of CD, sarcopenia was defined only by SMI. However, there have been no reports of MS in Japan. Our study aimed to investigate the frequency of sarcopenia by assessing both SMI and MS in Japanese patients with CD and biomarkers predicting low SMI. We evaluated SMI using bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, and blood tests, including CRP, ALB, IL-6, TNFα, GDF-8, and GDF-15 as biomarker candidates for 78 CD patients in our hospital. Sarcopenia and low SMI were 8% and 42.3%, respectively. Each candidate biomarker and SMI were negatively correlated with GDF-15 (Pearson's r=-0.414, P = 0.0031) in males and positively correlated with ALB (r = 0.377, P = 0.048), and negatively correlated with IL-6 (r=-0.484, P = 0.012) in females. Multivariate analysis adjusted for these items, age, and BMI showed a significant difference in male GDF-15 (P = 0.011, OR: 7.86, 95% CI: 1.09–56.58). Therefore, GDF-15 in male patients is considered a biomarker of low SMI.

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