scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Flax Cultivars in Their Oil, Fatty Acids Protein and Amino Acids and Correlations

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdullah Bakhashwain Ahmed Abdullah Bakhashwain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
King Abdulaziz University

This study was carried out in the Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University to evaluate 7 flax genotypes from different geographical regions concerning their composition from oil and protein contents, fatty acids and amino acids, besides, calculate the correlation coefficients between the fatty acids and also between the amino acids.The main results showed that Verum cv. had the highest oil content and linolenic acid (Omega-3) while Hiera cv. was the highest in meal protein content and most amino acids. The highest amino acid concentration was proline and it ranged from 27.15% to 30.21%. Linolenic acid (Omega-3) negatively and significantly correlated with Oleic and Linoleic (Omega-6) fatty acids. Lysine amino acid positively and significantly correlated with the amino acids of Glutamine, Aspartic, Leucine, Serine and Isoleucine.

scholarly journals Overconsumption of Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) versus Deficiency of Omega-3 PUFAs in Modern-Day Diets: The Disturbing Factor for Their “Balanced Antagonistic Metabolic Functions” in the Human Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abeba Haile Mariamenatu ◽  
Emebet Mohammed Abdu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contain ≥2 double-bond desaturations within the acyl chain. Omega-3 (n-3) and Omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs are the two known important families in human health and nutrition. In both Omega families, many forms of PUFAs exist: α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the n-3 family and linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from the n-6 family are the important PUFAs for human health. Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs are competitively metabolized by the same set of desaturation, elongation, and oxygenase enzymes. The lipid mediators produced from their oxidative metabolism perform opposing (antagonistic) functions in the human body. Except for DGLA, n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators enhance inflammation, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction, while those of n-3 inhibit inflammation and platelet aggregation and enhance vasodilation. Overconsumption of n-6 PUFAs with low intake of n-3 PUFAs is highly associated with the pathogenesis of many modern diet-related chronic diseases. The volume of n-6 PUFAs is largely exceeding the volume of n-3PUFAs. The current n-6/n-3 ratio is 20-50/1. Due to higher ratios of n-6/n-3 in modern diets, larger quantities of LA- and AA-derived lipid mediators are produced, becoming the main causes of the formation of thrombus and atheroma, the allergic and inflammatory disorders, and the proliferation of cells, as well as the hyperactive endocannabinoid system. Therefore, in order to reduce all of these risks which are due to overconsumption of n-6 PUFAs, individuals are required to take both PUFAs in the highly recommended n-6/n-3 ratio which is 4-5/1.

Characterization of fatty acids and nutrient composition of SAU Perilla-1 [(Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton] seeds grown with agro climatic conditions in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 2307-2314
Author(s):  
M. A. K. Mojumdar ◽  
H. M. M. T. Hossain ◽  
A. F. M. J. Uddin ◽  
Meherunnessa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Crop Variety

SAU Perilla-1 (Golden perilla BD) is a newly edible oil seed crop variety introduced by Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University in Bangladesh. Its seed oil is a rich source of unsaturated fatty acid (91%), of which more than 50% is α-linolenic acid (type of omega-3 fatty acid). The estimated ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was found 1: 2.26: 8.95. Moreover, the α-linolenic acid was detected (50.52%) as the most dominating polyunsaturated fatty acid, which was 4-four times higher than monounsaturated fatty acids in the oil of the crop variety. Fatty acid analysis of oil revealed a ratio (1:2.22) of Omega 6 to Omega 3 fatty acids, which lies within a healthy range as documented by the global scientific community. Compared to other plant seed oils, SAU Perilla-1 oil consists of Linoleic acid (Omega 6 fatty acid, 22.71%) – a component associated with obesity, which is far below the regular oils from soybean, sunflower and corn. Therefore, our findings indicated that SAU Perilla-1 seed is one of the best edible sources of plant oils rich in essential fatty acids conducive to human health.

scholarly journals Domestic chicken omega 3 – a product for promoting human health

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
Dragan Sefer ◽  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Dejan Peric ◽  
Matija Sefer ◽  
Lazar Makivic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Literature data show that the relationship between two groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet, omega 3 acids, whose basic representative is a-linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3), and omega 6 acids, whose basic representative is linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6), has a significant role in development of cardiovascular diseases in humans. The optimal ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids is around 4:1. In monogastric animals, the fatty acids in feed are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract largely unchanged. This means the fatty acid profile of the animal’s diet directly reflects the fatty acid profile of the tissue. The daily intake of unsaturated fatty acids can be increased by an adequate animal nutrition strategy. Flaxseed contains ten times more unsaturated (32.26%) than saturated (3.66%) fatty acids. The largest amount of unsaturated fatty acids (about 70%) is a-linolenic acid (ALA), which is a precursor of the entire omega 3 series of fatty acids, and which makes flaxseed an ideal raw material for the production of a wide range of omega 3 enriched products. In order to obtain chicken meat rich in omega 3, an experiment was organized with a specific diet for broilers at fattening. Thanks to the designed animal feed, it was possible to get products (meat, breast, drumstick, liver, subcutaneous fat) with significantly higher amounts of omega 3 fatty acids compared to the same products obtained from broilers fed with conventional mixtures, or with almost the ideal ratio between omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids.

scholarly journals Wholemeal Spelt Bread Enriched with Green Spelt as a Source of Valuable Nutrients

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Urszula Gawlik-Dziki ◽  
Dariusz Dziki ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Almost All

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of wholemeal bread prepared from the flour of spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) that was enriched by the addition of freeze-dried spelt grain (at proportions of 4%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, in relation to the flour weight). The spelt grain used in the study was harvested at the milk dough stage (the so-called green grain). Green spelt grain was characterized by a significantly higher content of minerals namely P, Mg, Ca and Zn compared to ripe spelt grain. Additionally, it contained significantly higher amounts of amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Gly, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys), lipids, as well as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and omega-3 and omega-9 acids. However, it had a lower content of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and omega-6 acids. The results showed that the nutritional value of bread was improved by the green spelt grain, however the ω6/ω3 ratio in bread enriched with green spelt grain was slightly less favorable than in control bread. Among all the products tested, bread enriched with a 12% proportion of green spelt grain was characterized by the highest content of almost all the amino acids (except for Pro, Cys, and Met), as well as in Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe. In addition, overall acceptability of this bread was the highest. Bread enriched with 8% of green grain contained the highest amount of P, Ca, Pro, linoleic acid, PUFA, and ω 6 acids, while bread enriched with 4% of green spelt grain had the highest content of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Nutritional Characterization of Sea Bass Processing By-Products

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo E. S. Munekata ◽  
Mirian Pateiro ◽  
Rubén Domínguez ◽  
Jianjun Zhou ◽  
Francisco J. Barba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
By Products

The consumption of functional foods and nutraceuticals is gaining more importance in modern society. The exploration of alternative sources and the utilization of by-products coming from the food industry are gaining more importance. The present study aimed to characterize the nutritional value and potential use of sea bass by-products as a source of high-added-value compounds for the development of supplements. The chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents) and profiles of amino acids (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a scanning fluorescence detector), fatty acids (gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector), and minerals (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy) were determined for sea bass fillet and its by-products (skin, guts, gills, liver, head, and fish bones). The chemical composition assays revealed that by-products were rich sources of proteins (skin; 25.27 g/100 g), fat (guts and liver; 53.12 and 37.25 g/100 g, respectively), and minerals (gills, head, and fish bones; 5.81, 10.11, and 7.51 g/100 g, respectively). Regarding the amino-acid profile, the skin and liver were the main sources of essential amino acids with an essential amino-acid index of 208.22 and 208.07, respectively. In the case of the fatty-acid profile, all by-products displayed high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly monounsaturated (from 43.46 to 49.33 g/100 g fatty acids) and omega-3 fatty acids (in the range 10.85–14.10 g/100 g fatty acids). Finally, the evaluation of mineral profile indicated high contents of calcium and phosphorus in gills (1382.62 and 742.60 mg/100 g, respectively), head (2507.15 and 1277.01 mg/100 g, respectively), and fish bone (2093.26 and 1166.36 mg/100 g, respectively). Therefore, the main sources of monounsaturated, unsaturated, and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids were guts and liver. The most relevant source of minerals, particularly calcium, phosphorus, and manganese, were head, fish bones, and gills. The most promising source of proteins and amino acids was the skin of sea bass.

scholarly journals Protein synthesis and degradation in isolated muscle. Effect of ω3 and ω6 fatty acids

1987 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Palmer ◽  
K W J Wahle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

The ability of derivatives of the essential fatty acids linoleic acid (C18:2, omega 6) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, omega 3) to stimulate rates of protein synthesis and degradation was investigated in isolated intact muscles from fasted rabbits. Both omega 6 derivatives examined, arachidonic acid (C20:4, omega 6) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C20:3, omega 6), when added at concentrations up to 1 microM, stimulated the rate of protein synthesis and the release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Metabolites of the omega 6 series, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, omega 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, omega 3), were without effect on the rate of protein synthesis and resulted in a decrease in the release of PGF2 alpha. None of the fatty acids had a significant effect on the rate of protein degradation. Although insulin (100 mu units/ml) also stimulated rates of protein synthesis when added alone, none of the omega 3 or omega 6 fatty acids, when added with insulin at concentrations of 0.2 microM, potentiated the effect of the hormone.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON FATTY ACID FINGERPRINT FROM TOTAL LIPIDS AND PHYTOSTEROL ESTERS OF SOME EDIBLE PLANT OILS

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Dulf ◽  
C. Bele ◽  
Sonia Spinean ◽  
Veronica C. Chedea ◽  
G. Zegrean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Phytosterol Esters ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Hemp Oil

The aim of our study was the identification of two categories of bioactive molecules, characteristic to functional oils: sunflower, soybean, rapeseed, linseed, and hempseed oil, processed from seeds in Romania. Two separation and purification techniques, column chromatography and thin layer chromatography, were applied and the profiles of fatty acids from total lipids and phytosterol esters fraction was determined by GC-FID. Transesterification procedures were used for derivatization of fatty acids for GC analysis. The main fatty acids from the studied oil samples were: oleic, linoleic and palmitic fatty acids. Hemp oil is one of the few seed oils that contains both of omega-6 and omega-3, gamma-linolenic acid being one of relatively rare fatty acids. A 3.07% content of -linolenic acid was found. Hemp oil proved to be the most rich in phytosterols, been recommended as a functional food.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK ASAM AMINO DAN ASAM LEMAK BEKASAM KERANG BULU (Anadara antiquate) DI DESA BENAN KABUPATEN LINGGA

Marinade ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
M. Desra Hari Putra ◽  
R. Marwita Sari Putri ◽  
Yulia Oktavia ◽  
Aidil Fadli Ilhamdy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Acid Yield

Formation of feather shells (Anadara antiquata) which has been carried out the characteristics of amino acids and fatty acids obtained the highest amino acid yield is Arginine 10293.28, and the lowest histidine is 136.91. The highest saturated fatty acid is palmitic which is 1.20 and the lowest lauric acid is 0.09, the highest monounsaturated fatty acid is glutamic acid 17257.96, and the lowest is alanine 312.56, the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid is linoleic 0.58, linolenic acid 0.58, and the lowest arachidonic acid 0.29.

Profiles of colour, minerals, amino acids and fatty acids in Asha, the triple cross (Ghungroo x Hampshire x Duroc) fattener pig variety

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Thomas ◽  
S Banik ◽  
K Barman ◽  
N H Mohan ◽  
D K Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Omega 6

Carcass composition and meat quality were evaluated for Asha, a triple cross pig (Ghungroo x Hampshire x Duroc, G25H25D50), which was developed and released by ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig as a fattener pig variety. A total of 14 gilts and 20 barrows from triple cross pigs were slaughtered at the age of 10 months for evaluating the different parameters. Instrumental colour measurement indicated that the coordinates were in the following range: lightness (L*), 38.91 – 53.75; redness (a*, red ± green), 6.83 – 11.96; and yellowness (b*, yellow ± blue), 11.38 – 18.49. The mineral contents in the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum were in the following range: potassium, 268 - 334 mg/100g; zinc, 0.59 - 0.83 mg/100g; copper, 0.04 – 0.1 mg/100g; manganese, 0.01 - 0.06 mg/100g and magnesium, 4.53 - 7.74 mg/100g. Significant (P>0.05) differences were not observed in the concentration of any of the estimated amino acids between the sexes. Fatty acid profiling of M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum indicated that saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were in the range of 31.14% - 38.65% and 60.27% - 69.49%, respectively. Results further indicated a concentration of 0.91% – 1.70% omega-3 fatty acids; 15.87% - 22.13% omega-6 fatty acids and 15.66% - 24.17% essential fatty acids in the muscle tissues.

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