Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) mushroom: Molecular identification, in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and cytotoxicity assessment

Several efforts have been made to discover new anticancer agents based on natural ingredients. Meanwhile, previous studies have shown that different Pine genus species exhibit cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cells. This plant is rich in phenolic compounds, especially procyanidins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Pinus merkusii needles extract on HeLa cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity assessment was measured using MTT assay and expressed as IC50 value. The results showed that the ethanolic extract poses a dose and time-dependent cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 542.5 µg/ml at 48 hours of incubation. Based on this result, Pinus merkusii needles’ ethanolic extract has the potential of a novel candidate for an anticancer agent.

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Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

I Gede Swibawa I Gede ◽

YUYUN FITRIANA ◽

SOLIKHIN ◽

RADIX SUHARJO ◽

F.X. SUSILO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Greenhouse Test ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Fungal Parasites

Abstract. Swibawa IG, Fitriana Y, Solikhin, Suharjo R, Susilo FX, Rani E, Haryani MS, Wardana RA. 2020. Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1108-1115. This study aimed to obtain and discover the identity of the species of fungal egg parasites of root-knot nematodes (RKN), which have a high pathogenic ability causing major losses in vegetable crops. The exploration of the fungi was carried out in 2016 and 2018 from Crystal guava plantations in East Lampung, Central Lampung, Tanggamus, and NirAma, a commercial product that has been used for controlling Meloidogyne sp. in Indonesia. Identification was carried out based on morphological characteristics and molecular-based gene sequential analysis of Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 4. A pathogenicity test was carried out in vitro and in a greenhouse using tomato plants as indicator plants. In the in vitro test, observations were made on the percentage of infected RKN eggs. The observations in the greenhouse test were carried out on RKN populations in the soil and roots of tomato plants, root damage (root knots), and damage intensity due to RKN infection. The exploration resulted in five isolates of fungal egg parasites of RKN from the guava plantations in East Lampung (2), Central Lampung (1), Tanggamus (1), and from the isolation results of commercial products (1). The isolates were given codes as B4120X (PT GGP PG1), B3010 (PT GGP PG4), B412G (PT GGP PG 4), B01TG (Tanggamus), and BioP (Commercial products). Based on their morphological characteristics, the isolates were classified into the genus of Paecilomyces. The results of molecular identification showed that the discovered fungi were Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) Luangsa Ard. (Syn. Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson.). Based on the in vitro tests, the five fungal isolates were able to parasitize RKN eggs at 86.4-100%. In the greenhouse test, all isolates significantly suppressed nematode populations in the soil and tomato roots, inhibited the formation of root knots, and produced lower damage intensity compared to controls. Among all the isolates tested, B01TG had the best ability to infect nematode eggs (99.5%), suppressing the formation of root knots, nematode population in the soil and the roots of tomato plants, and the damage intensity compared to other isolates.

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Repurposing celecoxib analogues as leads for antibiotics

Future Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.4155/fmc-2021-0030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Baowei Yang ◽

Yicheng Mei ◽

Qianhui Li ◽

Mengyuan Zhang ◽

Huiling Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Enzyme Inhibition ◽

Mild Improvement ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Cytotoxicity Assessment ◽

Improvement In Survival ◽

In Vivo Cytotoxicity ◽

Further Development

There is an urgent need for new antibiotics and alternative strategies to combat bacterial pathogens. Molecular docking, antibacterial evaluation in vitro and in vivo, cytotoxicity assessment and enzyme inhibition analyses were performed. Compound 12 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 4 μg/ml), various clinically isolated strains of MRSA (MIC: 4–16 μg/ml) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC: 4 μg/ml) when combined with subinhibitory concentrations of colistin B. Compound 12 (20 mg/kg) yielded mild improvement in survival of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected mice. Additionally, enzyme inhibition tests showed that compound 12 exhibited inhibitory effects against S. aureus dihydrofolate reductase (105.1 μg/ml) and DNA gyrase (122.8 μg/ml). Compound 12 is a promising antibacterial candidate for further development.

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ANTIOXIDANT, CYTOTOXICITY, AND STABILITY EVALUATION OF GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT-BASED MICROEMULSIONS FOR ENHANCED THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.19537 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manisha Singh ◽

Surya Pratap Singh ◽

Rachana R

Keyword(s):

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Chromatography Analysis ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Cytotoxicity Assessment

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant (AO) potential, cytotoxicity, and stability of preformulated Ginkgo biloba standard extractmicroemulsion (GBME), to investigate if, it retains the therapeutic potential of EGB761 and remains safe and stable for a longer period.Method and Results: GBME has shown enhanced AO (85.2±0.78%, IC50=31.3±0.45 μg/ml) in comparison to EGB761 (74.1±0.51%,IC50=49.4±0.05 μg/ml) using 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay. Similarly, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate(DPPH) assay has also shown that AO for GBME (94.6±0.04%, IC50=11.4±1.03 μg/ml) was higher than EGB761 (78.6±1.20%, IC50=34.6±0.81 μg/ml).Further, IC50 value of antiradical unit of GBME was much lesser (ABTS=14.3±1.05 μg/ml and DPPH=17.03±1.8 μg/ml) in comparison to EGB761(ABTS=34.1±1.62 μg/ml and DPPH=37.5±0.08 μg/ml). Equivalently, both, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and nitric oxide activity wereappreciably higher for GBME than the pure extract. The in vitro cytotoxicity assessment showed that GBME is quite safe (98.68±0.76% cell viability) incomparison to EGB761 (83.29±1.02%). Thereafter, these samples were tested for stability by evaluating their AO activity along with high-performanceliquid chromatography analysis, for the major phytocompounds, after 1 year, and results suggested that AO of GBME remained stable while comparingwith the freshly prepared GBME, whereas AO of EGB761 reduced significantly as compared to freshly taken EGB761 extract implying the degradationof phytocompounds supporting decrease in AO activity.Conclusion: Therefore, the observed results suggest that GBME maintained AO and scavenging activity along with enhanced shelf life with no observedtoxicity, which can be explored further for its potential therapeutic implications in various oxidative stress-induced central nervous system disorders.

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The Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxic Activity Assessment and Structure–Activity Relationship of 4-Aryl-6-(2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl)-2-methoxypyridine-3-carbonitriles

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24224072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (22) ◽

pp. 4072

Author(s):

Al-Refai ◽

Ibrahim ◽

Azmi ◽

Osman ◽

Bakar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Basic Medium ◽

Condensation Process ◽

Cytotoxicity Activities ◽

Cytotoxicity Assessment ◽

Relationship Of

A series of 2-methoxypyridine-3-carbonitrile (5a–i)-bearing aryl substituents were successfully synthesized in good yields by the condensation of chalcones (4a–i) with malononitrile in basic medium. The condensation process, in most cases, offers a route to a variety of methoxypyridine derivatives (6a–g) as side products in poor yields. All new compounds were fully characterized using different spectroscopic methods. Mass ESI-HMRS measurements were also performed. Furthermore, these compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity activities against three cancer cell lines; namely, those of the liver (line HepG2), prostate (line DU145) and breast (line MBA-MB-231). The cytotoxicity assessment revealed that compounds 5d, 5g, 5h and 5i exhibit promising antiproliferative effects (IC50 1–5 µM) against those three cancer cell lines.

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PCR-based identification of Mycobacterium murphy causing Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome in Niterói, southeast Brazil - case report

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-10079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1699-1702

Author(s):

M.A.A. Pereira ◽

V. Nowosh ◽

P.N. Suffys ◽

G.B. Queiroz ◽

K.M.O. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Hsp65 Gene ◽

Janeiro State

ABSTRACT Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome (CLGS), also known as canine leprosy, is a cutaneous nodular infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium sp.. Despite being reported worldwide, it is still quite unknown and underdiagnosed. Diagnosis may be achieved by cytopathology or histopathology of skin lesions, but identification of the infectious agent is complex, since bacterial in vitro growth is not possible, relying upon molecular techniques such as PCR to confirm Mycobacterium DNA in the sample. We report a CLGS case in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, diagnosed by cytopathology and submitted to molecular identification of the agent. PCR amplification of hsp65 gene was performed and revealed 100% genetic homology to M. murphy strain. This is the first CLGS report with molecular identification in Rio de Janeiro state, and this finding should raise awareness about CLGS as a differential diagnosis among granulomatous skin diseases in this region.

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The Effect of Ca on In Vitro Behavior of Biodegradable Zn-Fe Alloy in Simulated Physiological Environments

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10121624 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1624

Author(s):

Orit Avior ◽

Noa Ben Ghedalia-Peled ◽

Tomer Ron ◽

Razi Vago ◽

Eli Aghion

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Electrochemical Analysis ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Hardness Tests ◽

Fe Alloys ◽

Cytotoxicity Assessment

The growing interest in Zn based alloys as structural materials for biodegradable implants is mainly attributed to the excellent biocompatibility of Zn and its important role in many physiological reactions. In addition, Zn based implants do not tend to produce hydrogen gas in in vivo conditions and hence do not promote the danger of gas embolism. However, Zn based implants can provoke encapsulation processes that, practically, may isolate the implant from its surrounding media, which limits its capability of performing as an acceptable biodegradable material. To overcome this problem, previous research carried out by the authors has paved the way for the development of Zn-Fe based alloys that have a relatively increased corrosion rate compared to pure Zn. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of 0.3–1.6% Ca on the in vitro behavior of Zn-Fe alloys and thus to further address the encapsulation problem. The in vitro assessment included immersion tests and electrochemical analysis in terms of open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and impedance spectroscopy in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at 37 °C. The mechanical properties of the examined alloys were evaluated by tension and hardness tests while cytotoxicity properties were examined using indirect cell metabolic activity analysis. The obtained results indicated that Ca additions increased the corrosion rate of Zn-Fe alloys and in parallel increased their strength and hardness. This was mainly attributed to the formation of a Ca-rich phase in the form CaZn13. Cytotoxicity assessment showed that the cells’ metabolic activity on the tested alloys was adequate at over 90%, which was comparable to the cells’ metabolic activity on an inert reference alloy Ti-6Al-4V.

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