scholarly journals Length of orbital margins of dry skulls in a local Pakistani population

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1470-1473
Author(s):  
Ammara Rasheed ◽  
Mohtasham Hina ◽  
Raafea Tafweez Kuraishi
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Orbital Margin ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Human Skulls

Orbit is an important bony cavity which lodges eyeball and associated  structures for our fundamental sense of vision. Knowledge regarding  accurate morphometric measurements of its margins and depth will help in diagnosis and treatment plans of various optic functions. Previous studies showed racial differences in different populations we want to collect data in local population of Asian region as we are lacking data in this region. This study was carried out on 64 bony orbits of 32 dry Asian human skulls. Measurements from right and left bony orbits were taken by digital vernier calipers in millimeters and entered in SPSS 18.0 for calculation of mean and standard deviation.Results were obtained from different orbital margins. Right superior, inferior, medial and lateral orbital margins showed results as 31.30 ± 2.329 mm, 33.59 ± 3.35 mm, 29.57 ± 2.28 mm and 28.37 ± 2.023 mm respectively. While left superior, inferior, medial and lateral orbital margins were 30.944 ± 2.1080 mm, 31.19 ± 2.54 mm, 29.567 ± 2.36 mm and 28.14 ± 2.286 mm respectively. Right sided depth from optic canal to frontomaxillary suture was 41.40 ± 2.88 and left sided depth was 39.93 ± 3.33 mm. Data collected in Asian population showed differences from other races. This study covers important area regarding helpful in surgeries of this region as precise measurements could avoid injuries and postoperative complications.Key Words: Orbital Margin, Pakistan

Gene Polymorphisms and Their Association to Coronavirus Family Infections: Susceptibility in Different Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
African Region ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Different Populations

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci are highly polymorphic and determine differential features of the immune response in subjects from different regions. HLA genes have been proposed to determine genetic susceptibility to several diseases, particularly to viral infections. Moreover, it has been suggested that each ethnic group could have a different specificity of T-lymphocyte reactivity to the same viral infections. In this review, we analyzed the distribution of HLA types in countries of the Asian, European and North African region. Also, we studied the relation between these HLA polymorphisms and susceptibility to infection by the coronavirus. Our findings indicated that homozygosity would increase susceptibility to viral infections and, in some cases, to coronavirus infection. HLA types showing higher susceptibility were reported in Asian population, including China, Singapore, and Taiwan. In contrast, lower susceptibility HLA variants were detected among African populations, some Asian populations, and Mediterranean populations. The presented evidence along with the spread pattern of COVID-19 infection suggests that HLA genetic variants might be related to its infection susceptibility and severity. The investigation of HLA genetic variants distribution would be a useful tool to predict different populations’ susceptibility to viral infections.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEE POLLEN OBTAINED FROM BRASSICA NAPUS L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
N.M. Redina ◽  
L.O. Adamchuk ◽  
N.V. Nikolaieva ◽  
J. Brindza
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pollen Collection ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Total Pollen ◽  
Protein Feed ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this work was to research the morphological characteristics of monofloral bee pollen obtained from Brassica napus L. The formulated goals were: determine the period of bee pollen receiving; implement the selection of bee pollen samples during blooming period of species; establish the monoflorality ratio of the total pollen collection; explore the morphometric indicators of bee pollen by the parameters of pollen lump, shaping level and weight. Bee pollen collection was carried out in Skvyra district of Kyiv region from local population of Apis mellifera L. families. Morphometric measurements were performed in the Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Here were determined the amount of bee pollen per one day brought by one family: from  27.04 to 03.05.16 is 50.8 ± 2.25 g; from 04.05 to 06.05.16 – 100.0 ± 3.33 g; from 07.05 to 17.05.16 – 270.7 ± 11.79 g; from 18.05 to 22.05.16 – 100.5 ± 3.028 g; from 23.05 – 25.05.16 – 39.8 ± 2.74 g. Here were defined the morphological parameters of bee pollen lump from B. napus: length is in the range from 3.40 ± 0.061 mm to 3.66 ± 0.048 mm; width is in the range from 2.88 ± 0.059 mm to 3.26 ± 0.067 mm; weight is in the range from 8.65 ± 0.317 mg to 11.31 ± 0.241 mg; shaping level of bee pollen is in the range 4.62 – 4.96 points. The total monoflorality ratio constitutes from 79.94 ± 0.619 % to 98.00 ± 0.202 %. The obtained results confirmed that the activity of bee flying depends on the blooming period and intensity of the nectar secretion, on the collection of protein feed from B. napus. Pollen lumps from Brassica napus L. bee pollen were large, dense, regular shape without splits, which specified the possibility of its use for the producing on a commercial scale.  

scholarly journals Genetic variations in the drug metabolizing enzyme, CYP2E1, among various ethnic populations of Pakistan

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9721
Author(s):  
Sagheer Ahmed ◽  
Nadeem Altaf ◽  
Mahnoor Ejaz ◽  
Zaira Zulfiqar ◽  
Kholood Janjua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme ◽  
Low Activity

Genetic polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase genes is an important source of interindividual variability of drug response. CYP enzyme activities may change as a result of such polymorphisms which then, may affect drug metabolism. This would result in a change in the severity and frequency of adverse effects in addition to the non-responder phenomenon. CYP2E1, a member of CYP superfamily, affects the metabolism of several clinically important drugs such as halothane, paracetamol, etc. Genetic variation in CYP2E1 is known to cause significant inter-individual differences in drug response and adverse effects. The degree of genetic variation is found to be different in different populations around the world. The frequencies of two important polymorphisms in the CYP2E1*7C, NC_000010.10:g.135340548A>G (rs2070672) and CYP2E1, NC_000010.10:g.135339244G>C (rs3813865), are not known in the Pakistani population. In the present investigation, 636 healthy human volunteers were screened for these two single nucleotide polymorphism. Our results indicate that about 18% (rs2070672) and 28% (rs3813865) of the Pakistani population has a genotype containing at least one low activity allele. A significant interethnic variation in the frequencies of both the polymorphisms was observed. These results suggest that pharmacogenetics screening for low activity genotypes would be a helpful tool for clinicians when they prescribe medications metabolized by CYP2E1, as a significant fraction of the Pakistani population is expected to have a variable response to these drugs.

scholarly journals Morphometric differences of Spirlin, Alburnoides Bipunctatus Bloch 1782 from the Major Catchements of Transylvania

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor PĂPUC ◽  
Daniel COCAN ◽  
Călin LAŢIU ◽  
Paul UIUIU ◽  
Vioara MIREȘAN
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The University

Spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) is found in great numbers in most Transylvanian rivers. The species has an important role in the ecosystems in which it is found in terms of feeding and habitat occupation. The morphmetric characthers of this species vary between different habitats, outlining morphometric plasticity. Morphometric profiles were made for different populations of Spirlin, to evaluate differences in body shape. Considering that different environmental conditions influence the morphology of Spirlin populations, morphometric characteristics were determined. In order to assess differences in spirlin body shape, specimens from the four major Transylvanian catchments were collected by angling techniques. The specimens were preserved and transported to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, where morphometric measurements and weight determinations were conducted in the Physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory. Spirlin from Mures, Somes, Cris and Viseu catchments were studied, as it follows: 21 specimens from Aries River (Mures catchment), 61 specimens from the river Crisul Repede (Cris catchment), 21 specimens from Somesul Mic River (Somes catchment) and 20 specimens from Viseu River. A number of 39 determinations were made. The obtained results reflect the morphometric differences among populations of Spirlin from some Transylvanian main rivers.

scholarly journals Human rather than ape-like orbital morphology allows much greater lateral visual field expansion with eye abduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Denion ◽  
Martin Hitier ◽  
Eric Levieil ◽  
Frédéric Mouriaux
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Primary Position ◽  
Orbital Margin ◽  
Eye Motion ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Tomography Data

Abstract While convergent, the human orbit differs from that of non-human apes in that its lateral orbital margin is significantly more rearward. This rearward position does not obstruct the additional visual field gained through eye motion. This additional visual field is therefore considered to be wider in humans than in non-human apes. A mathematical model was designed to quantify this difference. The mathematical model is based on published computed tomography data in the human neuro-ocular plane (NOP) and on additional anatomical data from 100 human skulls and 120 non-human ape skulls (30 gibbons; 30 chimpanzees / bonobos; 30 orangutans; 30 gorillas). It is used to calculate temporal visual field eccentricity values in the NOP first in the primary position of gaze then for any eyeball rotation value in abduction up to 45° and any lateral orbital margin position between 85° and 115° relative to the sagittal plane. By varying the lateral orbital margin position, the human orbit can be made “non-human ape-like”. In the Pan-like orbit, the orbital margin position (98.7°) was closest to the human orbit (107.1°). This modest 8.4° difference resulted in a large 21.1° difference in maximum lateral visual field eccentricity with eyeball abduction (Pan-like: 115°; human: 136.1°).

scholarly journals Racial Differences in the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukinder Virk ◽  
Sharlene Gill ◽  
Eric Yoshida ◽  
Simon Radley ◽  
Baljinder Salh
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Cancer Agency ◽  
Different Populations

BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second most common cause of cancer mortality in Western societies. Population screening has been introduced as a means to reducing its impact; however, there are little or no data on the incidence of this disorder in the different populations that comprise the Canadian population.OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively determine the incidence of colorectal cancer in selected racial populations of British Columbia.METHODS: The British Columbia Cancer Agency database was used to retrieve information on the incidence of cancers occurring during the years 1994 to 1998, with the British Columbia and national population censuses used to derive the age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates of colorectal cancers. Surnames were used to identify the origin of individuals from South Asian and Chinese backgrounds.RESULTS: For the Caucasian Canadian (C) population, the weighted age-standardized incidence rate ranged from 51.99 per 100,000 in 1995, to 57.68 per 100,000 in 1998. For Chinese Canadians (CC), the range was 39.2 per 100,000 in 1996, to 31.2 per 100,000 in 1998. For South Asian Canadians (SAC), the range was 7.40 per 100,000 in 1994, to 24.85 per 100,000 in 1998. The RR for the development of cancer were significantly different when comparing C versus CC (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.58 to 2.31; P<0.001), C versus SAC (RR 7.1; 95% CI 4.20 to 12.0; P<0.0001) and CC versus SAC (RR 3.7; 95% CI 2.14 to 6.5; P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in the incidence of colorectal cancers have been defined for the first time in various racial subgroups in British Columbia. This finding may have important implications for both screening and understanding of the environmental factors influencing the biology of these lesions. Because SAC have among the highest incidence of atherosclerotic heart disease and diabetes, it suggests that unidentified genetic and/or environmental protective factors are capable of countering the traditionally recognized risk of high saturated fat intake for the development of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Characterization of morphological and meristic traits and their variations between two different populations (wild and cultured) of <i>Cichlasoma festae</i>, a species native to tropical Ecuadorian rivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín A. González ◽  
Jorge M. Rodriguez ◽  
Elena Angón ◽  
Andrés Martínez ◽  
Antón Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. This study was carried out to determine morphometric and meristic characteristics of two populations (wild and cultured) of Cichlasoma festae and to establish whether populations could be discriminated based on morphometric variability. Twenty-two morphometric and four meristic characters were used to test the hypothesis differentiation. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) from 100 adult specimens showed significant differences (p <  0.05) for 21 standardized morphometric measurements out of 26 characters among the means of the wild and cultured Cichlasoma festae populations tested. Cross correlation amongst certain morphometric variables (i.e. body weight, total length, standard length, pre-ventral length, AC1, LC1 and P1) were medium-strong (r ≥  0.5), while the remaining were weakly correlated (r <  0.5). The length–weight relationship parameter b and condition factor (K) values were respectively 2.21 and 1.97 (indicating allometric growth) for cultured fish groups and 2.86 and 4.07 (p <  0.05) for wild fish groups. The condition factor values were significantly different from each other and showed that feeding of cultured fish should be improved. Both groups were accurately separated (>  80 % success rate) by linear discriminant functions that included only four morphometric measures.

scholarly journals MODY GENES;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
ATTIYA KANWAL ◽  
SAHAR FAZAL ◽  
SOHAIL ASGHAR ◽  
Muhammad Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
European Population ◽  
Subgroup Discovery ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
The Family ◽  
Expert Clinician ◽  
Data Source

Objective: Genetic screening of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) genes has not been performed in Pakistanso far; albeit MODY genes have been noticed in local population. A relevant research will help to establish a scheme for identification andtreatment of MODY. Data Source: The data source for the subgroup discovery was retrieved from PubMed. Study Design: Family affectedby MODY were contacted personaly for descriptive study. The family history was obtained from the representative members of the familyand pedigree was drawn. Setting: The extensive clinical examination of both patients and their unaffected normal relatives was carried outby expert clinician. Period: Specific primers for region of interest in genomic DNA were designed at the IBGE Islamabad using Primer3during last quarter of 2011. Materials & Methods: Mutation detection was performed followed by pattern discovery using subgroupddiscovery technique. Results: Unidentified MODY genes facilitating the cause of a specific diabetes in European population may play acentral role for diabetes characterized by autosomal dominant transmission in Pakistani population. Exclusion study indicates that there isno linkage to the known loci of MODY. Similarly genetic screening results suggest that no mutation is indicated in this examined family inMODY genes. Conclusion: There may be some environmental factors involved in causing this disease in this family; otherwise thisdisease is due to mutation in other reported MODY genes which are not screened in this study. Subgroup discovery results point out thatall the reported MODY genes have association among themselves revealing 580 patterns.

scholarly journals GENE FLOW AND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
P T Spieth
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Island Model ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Stepping Stone Model

ABSTRACT A brief analysis is presented for the effects of gene flow upon genetic differentiation within and between populations generated by mutation and drift. Previous results obtained with the "island" model are developed into a form that lends itself to biological interpretation. Attention is focused upon the effective local population size and the ratio of the genetic identity of two genes in different populations to that of two genes in the same population. The biological significance of this ratio, which is independent of population size, is discussed. Similarities between the results of this model and those of the "stepping-stone" model are noted.

scholarly journals Hypermethylation Analysis of p16INK4a and p15INK4b Promoters in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Patients and Normal Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira M ◽  
Sarina S ◽  
Rosline H ◽  
Azlan H ◽  
Muhammad Farid J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Tumour Suppressor Genes ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Larger Sample

Introduction: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is a common type of leukaemia in persons of predominantly European descent but is rare in the Asian population. Disparities in CLL incidence among people of Asian and European descent may be related to the genetic make-up of the two different populations. Hypermethylation event might be one of the silencing mechanisms that inactivate the tumour suppressor genes in CLL. The aim of this study was to determine the hypermethylation status of p16INK4a and p15INK4b among CLL patients and normal individuals. Materials & Methods: A total of 25 CLL patients and 25 normal individuals were recruited for this study and their genomic DNA were extracted from the peripheral blood. The hypermethylation status of p16INK4a and p15INK4b were determined using Methylation Specific-PCR (MS-PCR) whereas DNA sequencing method was applied to selected samples for validation of the MS-PCR results. We also evaluated the association between hypermethylation of these genes with the clinical and demographic characteristics of each group of subjects. Results: Among the CLL patients, p15INK4b partialmethylation occurred in 6 (24%) subjects while methylation occurred in 1 (4%) subject. All the remaining patients were unmethylated at p15INK4b. All the samples showed unmethylation at p16INK4a. Statistically significant associations were found between p15INK4b hypermethylation with the presence of CLL (p=0.01) and with race (p=0.02). Conclusion: Further study using a larger sample size is warranted to explore the significance of DNA methylation incidence among the CLL patients of the Malaysian population. Hence, we suggest that hypermethylation at p15INK4b has a huge influence that kick-starts CLL disease among Malaysians and MS-PCR technique is applicable to be used in methylation study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document