Depression and Associated Factors Among the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Rwanda

Background: Various studies have found a greater prevalence of depression among patients having one or more chronic non communicable disease like diabetes mellitus than in the general population. This co-morbidity is linked with serious health consequences such as high mortality and morbidity, debility, low quality of life and increased health costs. The aim was to determine the prevalence of depression among patients with diabetes attending three selected district hospitals in Rwanda. Sociodemographic factors associated with depression were also explored.Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. A sample of 385 was selected randomly to participate in the study and 339 complete the questionnaires making a response rate of 88%. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to screen depression. Descriptive and inferential analysis were done.Results: The majority of respondents 83.8% (n=284) had depression. Among them 17.9% (n=61) had moderately severe to severe depression while 81.9% (n=223) had minimal to moderate depression. A statistically significant association was found between age and depression (p=0.01) also between gender and depression (p=0.02). Significance was determined at P<0.05.Conclusion: we found a high prevalence of depression among patients with diabetes. The regular screening of depression among these patients is recommended.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of depression among type2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.06.3596 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Abid Naeem ◽

Muhammad Shuaib ◽

Subtain-Ul- Hassan Abid ◽

Muhammad Huzaifa Abid ◽

Muhammad Imran

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type2 Diabetes ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Diabetes is a very prevalent problem in Pakistan. Depression along with diabetes affects not only quality of life but compliance and management of patient. Various studies have found high prevalence of depression among T2DM depression. In our study we shall determine the prevalence of depression among T2DM patients in Pakistan. Period: May 2017 to December 2017. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of depression in Type2 diabetes mellitus patients. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi. Results: Mean PHQ- Score is 10.83±5.6. 81.9% had PHQ Score > 4. According to PHQ-9 scale, 18.1% (n=30) had no depression, 26.5% (n=44) had moderately severe depression and 3.6% (n=6) had severe depression. In our study females had more severe depression in comparison with male (5.2% vs. 0%). Conclusion: Depression is very common in Pakistan among Type 2 Diabetic patients. Antidepressant has key role to break the vicious cycle of depression and type2 diabetes mellitus diabetes.

Download Full-text

The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Medical Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v58i9.4767 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pourya Farhangi ◽

Farahnaz Khajehnasiri

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Working Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Socioeconomic Considerations ◽

Anxiety Depression

Medicine is a stressful job. It is shown in several studies that decreased clinical function, disturbance in decision making, and the doctor-patient relationship, anxiety, depression, alcohol and substance abuse, and suicide are associated with stress. So, it is important to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical staff. This is a cross-sectional study on the Tehran University of Medical Sciences residents, and 152 residents were surveyed by the DASS-21 questionnaire, which measures the depression, anxiety, and stress level. One hundred fifty-two residents (24.5% male, 75.5% female) with a mean age of 29.6 (SD=2.96) were surveyed. According to this study results, 23% of residents had severe to extremely severe depression, 24.9% had severe to extremely severe anxiety, and 33.8% had severe to extremely severe stress. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Tehran University of Medical Sciences residents are higher than some other countries and universities, and it could be due to more working pressure in our educational hospitals. However, similar studies in different countries have not similar results, especially about the associated factors; so, more studies should be done, especially with the interventional and socioeconomic considerations, to address these issues.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in eastern Sudan

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03357-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saeed M. Omar ◽

Imad R. Musa ◽

Maysoon B. Idrees ◽

Ishag Adam

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rural Residence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health threat and burden. It is associated with medical and psychological complications, especially depression. Depression among patients with DM may affect the general prognosis. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Gadarif, eastern Sudan to evaluate the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study. Data on anthropometric parameters, demographic characteristics and blood glucose levels were collected via questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results Three hundred and fifty patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study and 205 (58.6%) were women. The median (interquartile range) age and duration of diabetes were 56.0 (14.0) years and 8 (8) years, respectively. The prevalence of depression in patients with T2DM was 35.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between depression and rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–3.72), non-employee (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.34–4.00), co-morbidity (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.43–3.86) and obesity AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.48–4.18). Conclusion The prevalence of depression is high among Sudanese patients with T2DM. Rural residence, unemployment, co-morbidity and obesity are significant risk factors for developing depression among patients with T2DM.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and severity of depression among people residing in flood affected areas of Kerala

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190600 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1143

Author(s):

Jose Jom Thomas ◽

B. Prakash ◽

Praveen Kulkarni ◽

M. R. Narayana Murthy

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Severity Of Depression

Background: The world is witnessing significant change in its climate leading to an increase in natural disasters. Kerala state of India recently witnessed its worst Monsoon rainfall in the century. Floods have significant effects on mental health. Screening of psychological problems is necessary in the background of recent floods in Kerala. So this study was done with the objectives to assess the prevalence of depression in the flood affected people of Kerala and to assess the severity of depression among people residing in flood affected areas of Kerala.Methods: Cross sectional study was done four weeks after flood. Individuals aged ≥15 years residing in flood affected areas were included and people not willing to participate were excluded. Purposive sampling was done and 306 participants were studied. Participants were assessed by interview technique using PHQ9 questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS-22. Descriptive statistics like percentage were applied. Inferential statistical tests like chi-square test were applied for association.Results: Among the participants 48% showed symptoms of depression. 28.10 % were mildly depressed, 12.74% were moderately depressed, 5.56% had moderately severe and 1.63% had severe depression. Maximum prevalence of depression was observed in geriatric age group.Conclusions: A significant amount of people residing in flood affected areas showed signs and symptoms of depression. An urgent intervention is therefore required to improve mental health status of the flood affected individuals.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Patients with Diabetes at Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2019/6160927 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jnadi M. Madkhali ◽

Ammar A. Hakami ◽

Ali H. Dallak ◽

Ramzi M. Hakami ◽

Abdullah A. Yatimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Context. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a poorer quality of life when compared with patients without DM. In fact, one in every five diabetic patients suffers from comorbid depression, which can lead to poor management, poor compliance with treatment, and low quality of life. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of depression and identified its associated factors among diabetic patients at Jazan Province, KSA. Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 diabetic patients attending a diabetic center in addition to four primary healthcare centers. We used a simple Arabic translation of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) tool to evaluate the depression level among the subjects. We also evaluated the frequencies of certain sociodemographic characteristics and clinical information. Moreover, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the potential risk factors using adjusted odds ratios (AORs). Results. The prevalence of depression among DM patients was 20.6%. The majority of patients showed no depression (N = 285, 59.4%), one-fifth had mild depression (N = 96, 20.0%), some (N = 55, 11.4%) had moderate depression, and some had severe depression (N = 44, 9.2%). Depression was significantly more prevalent among uneducated patients (N = 27, 31.8%) (X2 = 17.627, P = 0.001) and patients with low monthly income (< 2500 SR/month) (N = 33, 22.8%) (X2 = 9.920, P = 0.019). Hypertension (AOR = 2.531, 95% CI [1.454, 4.406]) and ischemic heart diseases (AOR = 3.892, 95% CI [1.995, 7.593]) were considered as risk factors for depression among diabetic patients. Conclusions. Almost one in every five patients with DM is affected by depression coexisting with cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, screening for psychological problems, proper treatment, and educating patients with diabetes about DM self-management should be routine components of DM care.

Download Full-text

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk for major depressive disorder in women than in men

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001430

Author(s):

Carola Deischinger ◽

Elma Dervic ◽

Michael Leutner ◽

Lana Kosi-Trebotic ◽

Peter Klimek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Impact

IntroductionBoth diabetes mellitus and being female significantly increase the risk of being diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The diagnosis of MDD, combined with diabetes mellitus, can be detrimental in terms of mortality and morbidity. We aimed at investigating the impact of diabetes mellitus on the gender gap in MDD over the course of a human lifetime.Research design and methodsIn a cross-sectional study over the course of 17 years, medical claims data of the general Austrian population (n=8 996 916) between 1997 and 2014 was analyzed. Of these, 123 232 patients with diabetes mellitus were extracted and compared with non-diabetic controls.ResultsIn a cohort of 123 232 patients with diabetes mellitus and 1 933 218 controls (52% females, 48% males), women with diabetes had 2.55 times increased ORs to be diagnosed with MDD compared with women without diabetes (95% CI 2.48 to 2.62, p<0.001) between the age of 30 and 69 years. The effect of diabetes mellitus on the prevalence of MDD was significantly smaller in men (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.80 to 1.91, p<0.001). Between 0 and 30 years and after age 70 years, the gender gap of MDD was not different between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The peak of the gender gap in MDD in patients with diabetes mellitus was around the age of 40–49 years. A sensitivity analysis identified overweight, obesity and alcohol dependence as the most potent influencing factors of the widening of the gender gap among patients with diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus is a stronger risk factor for MDD in women than in men, with the greatest width of the gender gap between 40 and 49 years. High-risk patients for MDD, such as overweight female patients with diabetes, should be more carefully assessed and monitored.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Depression among Type 2 Diabetic Outpatients in Black Lion General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2015/184902 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽

Yosef Tsige Radie ◽

Nigussie Tadesse Sharew

Keyword(s):

Addis Ababa ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background.The emotional consequences of diabetes have been scrutinized by a number of investigative teams and there are varying reports about the association of depression with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there is limited data about this in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of comorbid depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients.Methods and Materials.Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a random sample of 276 type 2 diabetic outpatients from Black Lion General Specialized Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to get these individual patients from 920 type 2 diabetic outpatients who have an appointment during the data collection period. Patients’ depression status was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ 9).Result.Totally 264 type 2 diabetic outpatients were interviewed with a response rate of 95.6%. The prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetic outpatients was 13%. Based on PHQ 9 score, 28.4% (75) fulfilled the criteria for mild depression, 12.1% (32) for moderate depression, 2.7% (7) for moderately severe depression, and 1.5% (4) for severe depression. But 45.8% (121) of patients had no clinically significant depression.Conclusion.This study demonstrated that depression is a common comorbid health problem in type 2 diabetic outpatients with a prevalence rate of 13%.

Download Full-text

Depression among Ethiopian Adults: Cross-Sectional Study

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2016/1468120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Getasew Legas Molla ◽

Haregwoin Mulat Sebhat ◽

Zebiba Nasir Hussen ◽

Amsalu Belete Mekonen ◽

Wubalem Fekadu Mersha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Living Alone ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Poor Social Support

Background. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide and is the second leading cause of disability and major contributor to suicide.Methods. Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 779 adults residing in Northwest Ethiopia. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select study participants. Depression was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Bivariate as well as multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors.pvalue of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result. The prevalence of depression was 17.5%, where 10.7% of patients were with mild depression, 4.2% were with moderate depression, 1.9% were with moderately severe depression, and 0.6% had severe depression. Being female, age of 55 years and above, poor social support, having a comorbidity medical illness, current tobacco smoking, and living alone were significantly associated with depression.Conclusion and Recommendation. The prevalence of depression in Ethiopia is as common as the other lower and middle income countries. Female gender, being currently not married, poor social support, low wealth index, tobacco smoking, older age, having comorbid illness, and living alone were significantly associated with depression. So, depression is a significant public health problem that requires a great emphasis and some factors like smoking habit are modifiable.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes from the Central Part of Romania

Acta Medica Marisiensis ◽

10.1515/amma-2016-0014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 209-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Simona Cernea ◽

Cristian Zoltai ◽

Daniela Berbecilă ◽

Floredana-Laura Şular

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Screening Study ◽

Highly Correlated

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with T2D. Depression and anxiety were assessed by questionnaires (PHQ-9, CES-D and GAD-7 respectively), cognitive function by the MoCA test. Additionally, 503 patients’ clinic charts were separately analyzed in order to compare the data recorded in the charts with that resulted from the active assessment.Results: In the screening study 216 subjects with T2D were included (62.2 ± 7.8 years old). 34.3% of them had depression and 7.4% presented major depression. 44.9% of patients with T2D had anxiety (9.2% major anxiety) and this was highly correlated with depression (OR: 21.139, 95%CI: 9.767-45.751; p<0.0001). Women had significantly higher prevalence of depression and anxiety compared to men (42.1% vs. 21.7%; p: 0.0021 and 51.1% vs. 34.9%; p: 0.02), but severe depression was similar between genders (9.0% vs. 4.8%; p: 0.29). Significantly more patients had depression and anxiety than recorded in their charts (34.3% vs. 13.9% and 44.9% vs. 9.3%, respectively; p<0.0001 for both). 69.0% of T2D patients had mild, 6.0% had moderate and none had severe cognitive dysfunction, respectively. Significantly more patients with depression and anxiety had mild and moderate cognitive impairment (p: 0.03 and p: 0.04, respectively).Conclusions: Patients with T2D had a high prevalence of comorbid depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety were significantly more frequent in women. These conditions were under-evaluated and/or under-reported.

Download Full-text

Factors affecting development of depression in overfood and obesity people

Medicinski casopis ◽

10.5937/mckg54-26015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 129-133

Author(s):

Marijana Jandrić-Kočić

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Female Gender ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Intensity Level ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective. Overweight and obesity are accompanied by changes in a person's pathophysiology, somatic and aesthetic aspects, and often a strong unpleasant emotional component that results in the development of psychiatric disorders, primarily depression. Objective: The study aimed to examine the existence of a statistically significant association of sociodemographic factors and body mass index (BMI) with the intensity of depression in obese and overweight people. Methods. The study was performed as a cross-sectional study at the Health Center Krupa na Uni (Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the period from 01.12.2018. to 01.10.2019. The sample consisted of 90 overweight and obese individuals, 58 (64.4%) women and 32 (35.6%) men with a mean age of 55.0 ± 6.9 years. In addition to the general questionnaire, the study used Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). The chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results. Depression was found in 45 (50.0%) study participants (31.1% mild depression, 15.6% moderate depression, and 3.3% severe depression). There was a statistically significant higher intensity of depression in female subjects and body mass index ≥ 25. Conclusion. Female gender is an independent predictor of depression intensity in overweight and obese individuals. There is a strong correlation between body mass index and depression intensity. Level of education, place of residence and age are not consistent with the presence and severity of depression in overweight and obese individuals.

Download Full-text