scholarly journals Knowledge and practice of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene by traders. A case study of Tamale Central Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
E. Arthur ◽  
A. Z. Imoro
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Hygiene Promotion ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Tamale is one of the rapidly growing cities in Ghana which is faced with numerous sanitation and hygiene problems. Markets generate large volumes of wastes due to their functions. Poor waste management in markets poses a threat to public health. This study sought to assess traders’ knowledge and practice of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. It also sought to identify the environmental sanitation challenges in the market. Questionnaire surveys, interviews, and personal observations were employed for data collection. The traders demonstrated fair knowledge on environmental sanitation but most did not practice recommended sanitation practices. Moreover, both males (50.1%) and females (49.9%) demonstrated good knowledge of personal hygiene and practiced it. The study identified poor drainage systems, lack of potable water, inadequate waste bins, littering, pilling of wastes, poor wastewater handling as major environmental challenges in the market. The findings of this study underline the need for bolstering up environmental education and hygiene promotion activities in public places like markets. It is also recommended that the toilet facility within the market get replace or renovated. The need for sanitation equipment and tools like waste bins should be met by the Metropolitan Assembly, as well as supports from NGOs and other bodies.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON PERSONAL HYGIENE HABITS AMONG THE STUDENTS OF THE OYO STATE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, LANLATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Adeolu Ogundele ◽  
Olukayode Oladipo
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
State College ◽  
The People ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Potable Water Supply

This study attempts an evaluation of the effects that the outbreak of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) have on the personal hygiene habits among the students’ of the Oyo State College of Education, Lanlate. The study used empirical survey of three hundred randomly selected students from the six schools of the college. Questionnaire, oral interview and personal observation were used as instruments of data collection. Data collected were analysed through the use of table and simple percentages. The findings showed that the awareness of the existence of COVID-19 was very high though some respondents doubt the existence of the disease. The study also revealed that there was improvement in the personal hygiene habits of the students this is depicted in constant washing of hands with soaps, improved environmental sanitation, wearing of face masks among other habits. Inadequate supply of potable water, defective campaign against the disease, high cost of hand sanitisers and face masks hinder the observation of COVID-19 protocols. It was recommended that government should improve on potable water supply to the people, materials needed to stop the spread of the virus should be subsidized or distributed free and people should improve their personal hygiene and environmental sanitation habits.

scholarly journals Condition of Food Sanitation and Hygiene in East Bandung, West Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Epa Paujiah ◽  
Maratus Solikha ◽  
Yani Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
West Java ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
Food Sanitation

Food security is one of the health problems in Indonesia which is related to the lack of knowledge of how the production process, the hygiene and health of the food. This study aims to describe the sanitary and hygienic conditions of food sold by merchant in Cibiru, Bandung City, West Java. The study was conducted in May-June 2017 by determining five sampling location based on the number of merchant in Cibiru. Data was obtained through questionnaire filling of 40 respondents at each sampling point which was then analyzed to find out the characteristics of social-demographic of the respondents, personal hygiene, and support of environmental sanitation. The results shows that the sanitation and hygiene of food in the aspect of knowledge of personal hygiene showed that the food handler was experienced food processors (88%) and 12% had no experience even though their last education was not linear with their trading profession. In addition, respondents' knowledge of individual hygiene shows that out of the nine aspects observed, 33% are in the high category, 11% are moderate and 56% are in the low category. Aspects of environmental sanitation and other support of food sanitation show that the conditions are in the clean and adequate category. All of these aspects can be used as a basic consideration in further counseling about food hygiene and food processing so that it can avoid unpredictable outbreaks.

Potable water and sanitation in Tenochtitlan: Aztec culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Becerril ◽  
B. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Clean Drinking Water ◽  
Thames River ◽  
The City

A source of clean drinking water is essential, and the Aztecs were quite advanced in providing it. While London still drew its drinking water from the polluted Thames River as late as 1854, the Aztecs brought potable water to Tenochtitlán from springs on the mainland by means of the aqueduct built by Nezahualcoyotl between 1466 and 1478. A second aqueduct was constructed in 1,499–1,500 by the ruler Ahuizotl when the first aqueduct became inadequate. Although the Aztecs had no citywide drainage system, and much of the wastewater ended up in the lake surrounding the city, they had a system to handle human waste by means of privies in all public places and many private dwellings from which excrement was collected in canoes. The excrement was applied as fertilizer to chinampas (floating parcels of land) or sold in the market to be used for tanning animal hides. Urine was collected in pottery vessels to be used later as a mordant for dyeing cloth. The Tenochtitlán environment was obviously healthy for its time, especially in comparison to European cities. Public and personal hygiene contributed to minimize the incidence and severity of illnesses.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Ascariasis among Children in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
M. E. Okoh ◽  
I. W. Nyinoh ◽  
L. N. Utume ◽  
T. T. Terzunwe
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stool Samples

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of ascariasis among children of 1-15 years old in Wadata, Wurukum, Northbank, Fiidi, and Modern market of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Prevalence of Ascariasis among children was conducted between January to march 2020. A total of 230 stool samples were randomly collected from children of both sexes and analyzed, using formol-ether concentration technique to determine the presence of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides. Out of the samples analyzed, 64(27.83%) were positive for Ascariasis. Wadata had the highest prevalence of 23(35.92%). There was a direct relationship between the parasite load and the location (P<0.05). There was also a positive correlation (P<0.05) between the parasite load and the family size. Children that were provided with modern toilet facilities had the lowest prevalence 13(20%). Children of farmers recorded 23(35.94%). Hence ascariasis is endemic in Makurdi. There should be grassroots enlightment on sanitation and hygiene. There is need for provision of screening materials and drugs at affordable rate to all patients. Communities should also embark on environmental sanitation and personal hygiene to curb the menace.

unrechtliche peinliche schmehung oder dem gemeinen nutz nuetzlich?Eine Fallstudie zur Normenkonkurrenz im Schmähschriftprozess des 16. Jahrhunderts

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Jan Siegemund
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractLibel played an important and extraordinary role in early modern conflict culture. The article discusses their functions and the way they were assessed in court. The case study illustrates argumentative spaces and different levels of normative references in libel trials in 16th century electoral Saxony. In 1569, Andreas Langener – in consequence of a long stagnating private conflict – posted several libels against the nobleman Tham Pflugk in different public places in the city of Dresden. Consequently, he was arrested and charged with ‘libelling’. Depending on the reference to conflicting social and legal norms, he had therefore been either threatened with corporal punishment including his execution, or rewarded with laudations. In this case, the act of libelling could be seen as slander, but also as a service to the community, which Langener had informed about potentially harmful transgression of norms. While the common good was the highest maxim, different and sometimes conflicting legally protected interests had to be discussed. The situational decision depended on whether the articulated charges where true and relevant for the public, on the invective language, and especially on the quality and size of the public sphere reached by the libel.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice of Personal Hygiene and Sanitation: A Study in Selected Slums of Dhaka City

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayela Farah ◽  
Mohoshina Karim ◽  
Nasreen Akther ◽  
Meherunnessa Begum ◽  
Nadia Begum
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: : Slum dwellers are likely to be among the most deprived people in urban areas. Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries like ours.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice about personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in selected slums of Dhaka city.Materials and method: This cross sectional study was conducted in purposively selected urban slum areas of Moghbazar slum, Bashabo slum and T&T slum of Dhaka city during February 2014 to April 2014. Convenient sampling technique was applied. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used and face to face interview was conducted. Total 475 subjects, irrespective of age and sex, were included in this study.Results: Out of 475 respondents, more than fifty percent slum dwellers resided in tin shaded room while 21.7% in ‘kacha’ houses. Sixty six percent of the respondents used to drink water from tube-well and 24% used supplied water provided by the city corporation. The study revealed that near 59% of the respondents used sanitary latrine. About 67% slum dwellers regularly practiced hand washing before taking meal and 59.2% respondents used soap after defecation. About fifty percent respondents brushed their teeth regularly with tooth paste. Regarding personal cleanliness, 81% subjects took bath regularly while 78% washed clothes irregularly. A statistically significant relation was found between washing of hands before meal (p=0.001), washing of hands after defecation (p=0.02), tooth brushing (p=0.001), bathing (p=0.009), washing of cloths (p=0.001), use of footwear (p=0.63) with knowledge of personal hygiene of the slum dwellers.Conclusion: Continuous community hygiene education along with adequate access to water supply and sanitation improves hygiene behaviour and policy makers and health care providers should have definite strategy and implementation.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 68-73

Energy Benchmarking of Water and Wastewater Treatment, Distribution and Collection: A Case Study of Austin Water Utility

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill B. Kjellsson ◽  
David Greene ◽  
Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Nationally, 4% of electricity usage goes towards moving and treating water and wastewater. The energy intensity of the water and wastewater utility sector is affected by many factors including water source, water quality, and the distance and elevation that water must be transported. Furthermore, energy accounts for 10% or more of a utility’s total operating cost, suggesting that energy savings can account for significant cost savings. Better knowledge of where and when energy is used could support strategic energy interventions and reveal opportunities for efficiency. Accordingly, this investigation quantifies energy intensity by process and type, including electricity and natural gas, and explores the time-varying nature of electric energy consumption for potable water distribution using the Austin Water Utility (AWU) in Austin, Texas as a case study. This research found that most of energy consumed by the AWU is for pumping throughout the distribution network (57%) and at lift stations (10%) while potable water treatment accounts for the least (5%). Though the focus is site specific, the methodology shown herein can be applied to other utilities with sufficient data.

scholarly journals RE-ENGINEERING PROSES PEMBELIAN BARANG AKTIVA DALAM MENCAPAI PEMBELANJAAN YANG OPTIMUM DALAM BISNIS MIDDLE MARKET

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Process Improvement ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The Right ◽  
Middle Market

This research is a case study of retail companies, namely PT. Midi Utama Indonesia Tbk / Alfamidi related ordinances in order to meet the four right purchase is the right price, time, quantity and quality and how to get the optimum model of purchasing goods. The research method in the form of descriptive analysis through questionnaire surveys and interviews with employees of the company that as many as 153 employees with a sample of 111 respondents. Data processed by Multiple Linear Regression Analysis which are of significant value is the standard total purchase the total purchase 0.061 and 0.000, and results of SWOT states need to do a strategy that focuses on process improvement purchases. The results that the process of re-engineering process involves the purchase of goods with the GA department to better ensure the availability of goods to be ordered, so the purchase is really controlled.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment of Flood Hazard, Vulnerability, and Flood Risk at the Household Level in a Municipality Area: A Case Study of Nan Province, Thailand

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Tawatchai Tingsanchali ◽  
Thanasit Promping
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Estimating flood hazard, vulnerability, and flood risk at the household level in the past did not fully consider all relevant parameters. The main objective of this study is to improve this drawback by developing a new comprehensive and systematic methodology considering all relevant parameters and their weighting factors. This new methodology is applied to a case study of flood inundation in a municipal area of Nan City in the Upper Nan River Basin in Thailand. Field and questionnaire surveys were carried out to collect pertinent data for input into the new methodology for estimating flood hazard, vulnerability, and risk. Designed floods for various return periods were predicted using flood simulation models for assessing flood risk. The flood risk maps constructed for the return periods of 10–500 years show a substantial increase in flood risk with the return periods. The results are consistent with past flood damages, which were significant near and along the riverbanks where ground elevation is low, population density is high, and the number of household properties are high. In conclusion, this new comprehensive methodology yielded realistic results and can be used further to assess the effectiveness of various proposed flood mitigation measures.

Faktor Terkait Praktik PHBS Masyarakat Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Desa Randuboto Kabupaten Gresik

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Siti Zaerina Zaerina ◽  
Yusniar Hanani Darundiati ◽  
Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: COVID-19 is an pandemic, including Indonesia. PHBS (Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour) is an effort to strengthen the behaviour of a person, group, and community to care for and prioritize health to create a higher quality life. Community participation in efforts to prevent COVID-19 is an important factor in breaking the chain of infection. As 9 July 2020 3 residents have been confirmed positive for COVID-19 in Randuboto Village. Objectives: Therefore this research was carried out to analyze the factors related to PHBS practices durung the COVID-19 pandemic in Randuboto Village, Gresik Regency. Research Metodes: This type of research used in this study is an observational study using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was the total population of Randuboto Village, Gresik Regency which was recorded as many as 4,006 people. The sampling technique used in this study was snowball sampling. The nimber of samples taken was 108 samples that met the inclusion criteria. The independent variables in this study are the level of knowledge, attitudes, and the availability of supporting facilities for the respondents. The dependent variable in this study is PHBS practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: PHBS practices in Randuboto Village, Gresik Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic showed good practice at 55,6%. This is related to the activity of washing hands with soap and running water, diligently eat healthy foods, regularly do physical activity/ exercise, smoking outside the house, regularly cleaning the neighborhood where I live, regularly leaving the house during the COVID-19 emergency using a mask, frequently visiting public places and being crowded during colds.  The majority of respondents were ≤ 25 years old, which was 63,9%, while the majority of respondents education level was Senior High School  at 53,7%. The majority of respondents types of work are other at 52,8%. The variable related to the practice of PHBS during the COVID-19 pandemic are the level of knowledge(0,001), attitudes (0,001), and the availability of supporting facilities (0,001). Conclusion: Most of the respondents have a poor level of knowledge, good attitude, availability of adequate supporting infrastructure and good PHBS practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.The practice of PHBS during the COVID-19 pandemic In the environment around Randuboto Village, Gresik regency needs to be improved again, especially in knowledge, as weel as the availability of supporting facilities. It is hoped that the community an also improve personal hygiene such as washing hands regularly and wearing masks when doing activities outside. This is very important to break the chain of spread of the COVID-19.   Keywords: Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour, corona virus 

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