Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Tahseen Ghous ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
Saiqa Andleeb ◽  
Saira Khizar ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Iron ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The results of antioxidant assays with Gymnema sylvestre leaf extracts revealed that methanol, acetone, and aqueous extracts possessed maximum DPPH (83, 83, and 75%) and ABTS scavenging potential (85, 71, and 82%). Chloroform possessed maximum total flavonoid (24.6 mg/100 ml) and total iron contents (435.3 ± 0.0125 mg FeSO4 E/G). The extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform of Gymnema sylvestre leaves displayed an IC50 value of 170.2, 44.4, 131.6 μg/ml, respectively in α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Methanol and aqueous extracts showed maximum inhibition of E. ammni (17 ± 2.0 and 19.6 ± 0.57 mm), E. coli (15.3 ± 0.57 and 17.6 ± 0.57 mm), and S. aureus (16.6 ± 1.52 and 19.3 ± 1.15 mm). It may be concluded that all potential effects of G. sylvestre leaf extracts were due to the presence of phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, steroids, quinones, phenols, triterpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Present findings suggest that these extracts present a satisfactory source for the preparation of antioxidant and antidiabetic medicines.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICALS ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ECHINOPS ECHINATUS FROM CHOLISTAN DESERT, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafay
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Urease Inhibitory

Plants have been used as a source of food as well as medicines by the man throughout history. Echinops echinatus was evaluated for phytochemicals and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Anti-urease inhibition assay activities were tested during the study. The laminar flow cabin was cleaned with 70% ethanol. α-glucosidase inhibition activity was performed according to the standard method with slightly modification. Carbohydrates, phenols and tannins were found positive in leaves, stems and roots. Saponins and glycosides were found in flowers, leaves, roots and stems. While roots and stems revealed the presence of steroids. Terpenoids were found in flowers and leaves. The leaves showed the maximum inhibition zone 10mm against K. pneumonia while against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was found inactive. K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were resistant to flowers extract. The root extract showed maximum zone of inhibition 18 mm against S. aureus while against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia inhibition zone was 15mm and 14mm respectively. The extracts of leaves, flowers, roots and stem showed positive results for α-glucosidase. The roots extract showed maximum inhibition with 75.3±1.5 with IC50 value of 207.3±1.3 for α-glucosidase. Urease inhibitory activity of stem extracts showed maximum inhibition activity 93.71±0.86 with IC50 value 15.63±0.42. While leaves and roots showed almost same activity 92.45±0.63 and 92.63±0.76, respectively. Echinops echinatus could be considered for further studies in the treatment of various ailments as a natural remedy.

Phytochemical analysis and In vitro Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa and Aegle marmelos

2021 ◽  
pp. 4697-4701
Author(s):  
Anandhu K S ◽  
Manu Jose ◽  
Sweety Kuriakose ◽  
Jayalakshmi P M
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Glucose Diffusion

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypoglycemia, resulting from absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Worldwide about 220million people affected. Low-cost herbal treatment is recommended due to their lesser side effect. The aim of the current study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) and Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) using alpha amylase inhibition assay and glucose diffusion inhibition assay. In alpha amylase inhibition assay, the leaf extracts of A.marmelos (at a concentration 100µg/ml) exhibited 54.68% of α amylase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 values 92.04µg/ml whereas the leaf extracts of L. speciosa (at a concentration of 100µg/ml) exhibited 60.36% of α amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 68.19µg/ml .However the mixture of plant extracts (at a concentration of 100µg/ml) exhibited 94.87% inhibition with an IC50 value of 13.145µg/ml. Both plant extracts showed appreciable α amylase inhibitory effects, but the mixture showed more inhibitory effects than the individual plant extracts. In glucose diffusion inhibition assay, the aqueous extract of A. marmelos leaves exhibited maximum glucose diffusion inhibition (76.886%) at 150 minutes as well as L. Speciosa leaf extract showed the maximum inhibition of 79.5357% at the same time interval. The mixture of plant extracts exhibited 87.4274% inhibition at 150 minutes which produces more effects than the two plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of leaf and leaf derived callus extracts of Artemisia annua L. and Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2189-2195
Author(s):  
Manasa Govindaraju ◽  
Mahendra Chikkamadaiah ◽  
Murali Mahadevamurthy ◽  
Mahesh Holenarsipura Mylari ◽  
Sudarshana Mysore Shankar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

The present study focuses on the use of salicylic acid as a plant growth hormone for the induction of callus in Sauropus androgynus and Artemisia annua plants. Higher induction of callus of 72% in S. androgynus (NAA+BAP+SA at +2.5+2.5 mg/ l concentration) and 64% in A. annua (NAA+Kn+SA at 1.0+2.5+2.5 mg/ l concentration) were observed when compared to 52% and 51%, respectively in individual supplementation of plant growth regulators. The phytochemical analysis also revealed the presence of maximum phytochemicals in callus extract compared to leaf extracts of S. androgynus and A. annua there by corroborating with the results of callus induction. The methanol extracts of both callus and leaf extracts of S. androgynus and A. annua exhibited antibacterial activity against all the test pathogens viz., S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and E. coli. A maximum inhibition zone of 20 mm was observed against S. typhi in methanol callus extract of S. androgynus followed by 18 mm inhibition zone against S. aureus with same extract. It was evident from the results both callus and leaf extracts of the selected plants possessed potential antibacterial activity against all the test pathogens with one or the other solvent extracts. The findings provide a new facelift for callus induction using salicylic acid in selected plants and also pave way for identification of novel compounds for drug development from S. androgynus and A. annua.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Commiphora Africana Leaf Extracts on Some Bacteria Associated with Persistent Diarrhea

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Persistent Diarrhea ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Commiphora africana leaf extracts against some bacteria associated with persistent diarrhea. Aqueous and methanol extracts from Commiphora africana leaves were prepared, screened for phytochemicals analysis and tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella sp, Shigella sp and Escherichia coli. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed that Commiphora africana leaf extracts contain Alkaloid, saponin, tannin, phenol, steroid, flavonoid, terpenoid and glycoside. Statistical analysis of the result showed that methanol extract demonstrated highest antibacterial activity with average zone of inhibition of 14.5 mm among the isolates than aqueous extracts (13.2 mm). Based on the susceptibility of the organisms to the extracts, E. coli was found to be the highest susceptible organisms with average zone of inhibition of 14.9 mm, followed by Klebsiella sp (14.2 mm), Shigella (13.9 mm), while least average zone of inhibition is shown by Salmonella typhi (12.4 mm). The MIC and MBC of the extracts ranges from 3.125 to 50 mg/ml There is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms against the extracts at p<0.05. The results of the present study have provided the justification for therapeutic potential of Commiphora africana leaf.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant assessment of Leuconotis eugenifolia leaf extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praptiwi Praptiwi ◽  
DEWI WULANSARI ◽  
AHMAD FAHONI ◽  
NOTO HARNOTO ◽  
ROSSI NOVITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Abstract. Praptiwi, Wulansari D, Fahoni A, Harnoto N, Novita R, Alfridsyah, Agusta A. 2020. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant assessment of Leuconotis eugenifolia leaf extract. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 79-85. Traditionally, sitahe (Leuconotis eugenifolia (Wall. Ex G. Don) A.DC) has been used to maintain stamina by Aceh peoples, Indonesia. The use of L. eugenifolia mainly as a spice on a traditional cuisine “ie bu peudah”. This research was conducted to determine the phytoconstituents of L. eugenifolia leaf extracts, and to investigate their antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. L. eugenifolia leaves were extracted successively with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Obtained extracts were tested qualitatively for antioxidant and antibacterial by the TLC-bioautography method, followed by quantitative analysis to determine the MIC and IC50 value using the microdilution method on 96-well microplate. The results showed that it contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, phenolics, and tannins. The highest levels of phenolic (259.0486 ± 0.1203 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (84.6575 ± 0.0237 mg QE/g extract) were found in ethyl acetate extract, and dichloromethane, respectively. The antibacterial activity of n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts is moderate against E. coli, and weak against S. aureus. Ethyl acetate extract, methanol, and water extracts have very strong antioxidant activity. L. eugenifolia leaf extracts may be promising new antioxidant sources.

Evaluation of α-amylase Inhibition and Cytotoxic Activities of the Arachis hypogaea and Cinnamomum tamala

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deedarul Hyder Sani ◽  
Ali Newaz Munna ◽  
Mohammad Salim ◽  
Md. Jahangir Alam ◽  
Md. Jahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Ic50 Value

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most occurring non-communicable disease resulting in a high blood glucose level. There has been an immense interest in the development of alternative medicines for diabetes treatment, specifically screening functional foods for phytochemicals with the capability of delaying or preventing glucose absorption through digestive enzymes (e.g. α-amylase) inhibition. So, the development of α-amylase inhibitors derived from natural food products is an alternative way to prevent diabetes mellitus Objective: In this study, organic solvent extracts of the Arachis hypogaea (Peanut) and Cinnamomum tamala (Indian bay leaf /Tejpata) were used to investigate their potential α-amylase inhibition and cytotoxic activities through α-amylase inhibition assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay respectively Method: The α-amylase inhibition assay was performed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method for different concentrations of plant extracts. The optical density (OD) of the solutions were measured to determine the inhibition activity at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was measured using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay Results: Among the different organic solvent extracts, peanut seed ethanol extract showed the highest α-amylase inhibition activity (67.68±8.67%) at 1.25 μg/mL concentration with an IC50 value of 0.61 μg/mL which is very close to standard α-amylase inhibitor Acarbose (72.34±4.23%) with an IC50 value of 0.32 μg/mL while acetone extract of Indian bay leaf exhibited the lowest inhibition activity (47.75±1.63%) with an IC50 value of 1.42 μg/mL at the same concentration. Besides, the maximum cytotoxic activity was found in acetone extract of peanut shell with an LC50 value of 57.87 μg/mL whereas ethanol extract of peanut seed showed the lowest cytotoxicity with an LC50 value of 413.90 μg/mL Conclusion: The result of the present work clearly indicates the potentiality of peanut seed ethanol extract to be used in the management of hyperglycemia as it significantly inhibits α-amylase activity while showing less cytotoxic activities

scholarly journals Flavone-Rich Fractions and Extracts from Oroxylum indicum and Their Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated Zoonotic Bacteria and Free Radical Scavenging Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Patchima Sithisarn ◽  
Piyanuch Rojsanga ◽  
Pongtip Sithisarn
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Oroxylum Indicum ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Oroxylum indicum extracts from the seeds collected from Lampang and Pattani provinces in Thailand, and young fruits and flowers exhibited in vitro display antioxidant and antibacterial activities against clinically isolated zoonotic bacteria including Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus suis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, β-hemolytic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The orange crystals and yellow precipitates were obtained from the preparation processes of the seed extracts. The orange-red crystals from the seeds collected from Lampang province exhibited strong in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (EC50 value = 25.99 ± 3.30 μg/mL) and antibacterial effects on S. intermedius and β-hemolytic E. coli while the yellow precipitate from the same source exhibited only antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in O. indicum samples by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques showed that they contained different amounts of total phenolic, total flavonoid and three major flavones; baicalin, baicalein and chrysin contents. Young fruit extract, which contained low amounts of flavone contents, still promoted antibacterial effects against the tested bacteria with IC50 values lower than 1 mg/mL and MIC values between 4 to 10 mg/mL in S. intermedius, S. aureus and S suis while higher IC50 and MIC values against P. aeruginosa and β-hemolytic E. coli were found. From scanning electron microscopy, the extract of the young fruit of O. indicum promoted morphological changes in the bacterial cells by disrupting the bacterial cell walls, inducing leakage of the cellular content, and generating the abnormal accumulation of cells. The mechanism of action of the extract for this antibacterial effect may be the disruption of the cell membrane and abnormal cell aggregations. Regression analysis of the results suggests the correlation between total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Baicalin was found to have a high correlation with an inhibitory effect against β-hemolytic E. coli while three unidentified peaks, which could be flavones, showed high correlations with an inhibitory effect against S. intermedius, S. suis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

scholarly journals The Phytochemical Analysis of Vinca L. Species Leaf Extracts Is Correlated with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antitumor Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3040
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ciorîță ◽  
Cezara Zăgrean-Tuza ◽  
Augustin C. Moț ◽  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
Marcel Pârvu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Nitric Oxide Concentration

The phytochemical analysis of Vinca minor, V. herbacea, V. major, and V. major var. variegata leaf extracts showed species-dependent antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects correlated with the identified phytoconstituents. Vincamine was present in V. minor, V. major, and V. major var. variegata, while V. minor had the richest alkaloid content, followed by V. herbacea. V. major var. variegata was richest in flavonoids and the highest total phenolic content was found in V. herbacea which also had elevated levels of rutin. Consequently, V. herbacea had the highest antioxidant activity followed by V. major var. variegata. Whereas, the lowest one was of V. major. The V. minor extract showed the most efficient inhibitory effect against both Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, V. herbacea had a good anti-bacterial potential only against S. aureus, which was most affected at morphological levels, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. The Vinca extracts acted in a dose-depended manner against HaCaT keratinocytes and A375 melanoma cells and moreover, with effects on the ultrastructure, nitric oxide concentration, and lactate dehydrogenase release. Therefore, the Vinca species could be exploited further for the development of alternative treatments in bacterial infections or as anticancer adjuvants.

Growth abnormalities in microorganisms exposed to tobacco leaf extracts

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1619-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ghabrial
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Extract Medium ◽  
Tobacco Extract ◽  
Growth Abnormalities

Unusual cultural changes were observed when several bacterial and yeast strains were grown on a medium containing aqueous extracts of tobacco leaves. In 24–48 h incubation on such a medium, several dark-brown papilla-like structures developed on the surface of normally smooth colonies. Moreover, smaller dark-brown refractile globular bodies were observed in the medium in areas beneath and surrounding the microbial colonies with papilla-like structures. Attempts to demonstrate the viability of these globular bodies failed. The cultural abnormalities observed on tobacco extract medium were unique to this medium since they were not detected in a wide variety of culture media tested. The lowest concentration of tobacco extract (dry wt. basis), which is required for the development of this phenomenon, was determined to be 0.5 mg/ml of medium.

In-vitro and in vivo studies of traditionally prepared Zingiber officinale juice for Antimitotic and Lethality activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 4652-4656
Author(s):  
Nadar Sowmya ◽  
Chouhan Raghavendra Singh ◽  
Kosha Patel ◽  
Harshil Patel ◽  
Tanvi Dodiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Traditionally Prepared

According to the literature survey most of the studies done on Adarak (Zingiber officinale rhizome) were performed on alcoholic extracts or isolated entities of ginger but no profound work has been done on the traditionally prepared or commonly consumed way of ginger. So, in this current study, fresh ginger rhizomes were traditionally pounded to make Adarak juice. The different concentration (0.05%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) were taken as sample to perform onion root tip inhibition assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It showed antimitotic inhibition in the range of 0.05-10% concentration with an IC50 value of 0.37 % on number of rootlets was 0.08 % on length of rootlets. The traditionally prepared Adarak juice showed cytotoxicity in the range of 0.05-2.5% concentration with LC50 value of 1.59%. The traditionally prepared Adarak juice possesses cytotoxic and antimitotic activity.

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