scholarly journals Assessment of Vehicular-Induced Emissions in some Selected Areas in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1535-1539
Author(s):  
W.A. Raji ◽  
L.A. Jimoda ◽  
J.K. Odobor ◽  
A.O. Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
The Status ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Environmental Health Problem

Vehicular emission is a major environmental health problem in the world today especially in developing countries including Nigeria. This study was centered on assessing the vehicular emissions pollutants such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The sampling of the CO and H2S gaseous pollutants was done using H-4S gas analyzer while JCG60 gas detector was used to measure TVOC and HCHO. The meteorological parameters were measured with HTC-1 hygrometer thermometer. AQI was calculated to determine the status of the ambient air quality of the study areas. Carbon monoxide concentration obtained from the result ranges from 3.12-16.1 ppm with location C having the highest amount of 16.1 ppm which exceeds the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard of 10 ppm. The calculated AQI shows that the study areas are all polluted. Continuous measurement and inventory of air pollutants should be encouraged, as this will enable the policymakers to effectively implement control measures on air pollution.

Indexing Method for Assessment of Air Quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Rajiv Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
General Public ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
The Status ◽  
Indian City ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board

Rapid urbanization and globalization has led to severe degradation of existing air quality in the majority of Indian cities. In this context, the general public has been aware of their exposure to ambient air quality and the effects of such air pollutants on human health. Hence, the concept of Air quality indices (AQI) is often used by regulatory authorities in conveying the status of existing ambient air quality to the general public. The chapter presents the application of air quality indices for assessing the existing air quality standards in an Indian city, Dharamshala, a tourist location in Himachal Pradesh, for the period of 2016-2017. Two different methods of determining AQI have been used wherein one method is used as the revised Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India with different sub-indices for Indian conditions based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) methodology and another alternative method utilizes contribution from all criteria pollutants.

scholarly journals Species Composition of Mosquitoes from Boarding School Dormitories in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
A O Omoregie ◽  
M E Omoregie ◽  
A D Adetimehin ◽  
F I Aigbodion
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edo State

This study investigated the distribution, species composition, and sex ratio of indoor resting mosquitoes alongside their relationship with climatic conditions in school dormitories located in Egor, Oredo and Ikpoba-okha Local Government Areas (LGAs) respectively in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected with the aid of a sweep net and mechanical aspirator from randomly selected school dormitories between 08.00hr and 11.00hr from November (2011) to June (2012). The mosquitoes collected were identified using published morphological identification keys. A total of 766 mosquitoes containing four species: Culex quinquefasciatus (n=724; 94.5%), Anopheles gambiaes.l. (n=37; 4.8%), Culexannulioris (n=4; 0.5%) and Anopheles funestus (n=1; 0.1%) in descending order of importance, were collected. Cx.quinquefasciatus was the most predominant mosquito species in school dormitories across the three LGAs. Cx. annulioris and An. gambiaes.l were most abundant in school dormitories located in Oredo and Ikpoba-okha LGAs respectively. An.funestus occurred only in school dormitories located in Oredo LGA. Analysis of the relationship between meteorological data and species abundance varied significantly (P<0.05) only among An. gambiaes.l with rainfall. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the sex ratio for all species obtained from the various locations except An. gambiae and Cx. annulioris in dormitories located in Oredo LGA Results of this study revealed the high presence of mosquito-borne disease risk within the school dormitories and environ, and therefore, the urgent need for properly planned, executed and regular evaluation of control measures.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality of Boreholes in Selected Areas in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Ogbeifun ◽  
U. D. Archibong ◽  
I. E. Chiedu ◽  
E. E. Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Benin City ◽  
North East ◽  
Principal Component Analysis Result ◽  
Edo State

The water quality of selected boreholes in Oredo, Egor and Ovia North-East Local Government Areas in Benin City metropolis was assessed in terms of their physical, microbial and chemical parameters. A total of nine water samples (three per local government) were collected from randomly selected public boreholes in the month of July, 2018. The physicochemical parameters determined and values obtained are as follows: Electrical conductivity ranged 12.85 to 101.94 µS/cm, Temperature 25.00 to 25.01, pH of 4.32 to 5.55, TDS 0.67 to 4.00 mg/l, COD 3.20 to 16.00 mg/l, Turbidity 1.14 to 5.38FTU, Cl- 106.50 to 426.00 mg/l, SO42- 0.41 to 2.87 mg/l, TSS 0.33 to 1.67 mg/l, TS 1.33 to 4.33 mg/l, NO3- 23.73 to 41.48 mg/l, Mg 0.03 to 0.61mg/l, Ca 0.10 to 0.41 mg/l, HCO3- 7.00 to 22.00 mg/l, Na 0.20 to 7.75 mg/l, K 0.41 to 1.20 mg/l, Mn 0.01 to 0.11 mg/l, Fe 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l, Zn 0.01 to 0.65 mg/l, PO4- 0.07 mg/l for all locations, while some metals like Cd, Pb were not detected. Microbial evaluation was done on the samples to assess the level of E. coli, coliforms and bacteria. The principal component analysis result extracted two components each from the three LGAs; In Oredo LGA, Factor 1 accounted for 84.9% while Factor 2 accounts for 15.1%. In Egor LGA, Factor 1 accounts for 51.1% while Factor 2 accounts for 48.9%. In Ovia North-East LGA, Factor 1 accounted for 59.0% while Factor 2 accounts for 49.0% contributions.

scholarly journals Land Use Effect on Quality of Plateau Soils: A Case Study of Ososo in Northern Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Orobosa Orobator ◽  
Emmanuel Ekpenkhio
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Status ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Cocoa Plantation

The study examined land use effect on quality of plateau soils, using Ososo in Northern Edo State, Nigeria as a case study. The objectives were to examine the status of soils under the different land uses and evaluate variation in the physicochemical properties of soils among the investigated sites. A total of thirty-six soil samples were collected from secondary forest, cocoa plantation and quarry site at 0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm depths. Soil quality indicators were analyzed in the laboratory, while data were examined by descriptive and inferential statistics. Due to the effect of mining activities, quarry site had lower mean values of soil organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, effective cation exchange capacity, potassium, copper and manganese while iron, zinc and calcium were lower in secondary forest. However, Na and ECEC were higher in cocoa plantation. The study further revealed that though the examined land uses had varied effects on the soil properties; quarry site impacted the soil quality parameters more negatively compared to the secondary forest and cocoa plantation land use types. Significant variation (p < 0.05) in sand, clay and available phosphorous was detected in the topsoil of the different land uses. The research concluded that the status of the soil nutrients was low. To improve the quality of the plateau soils, liming and the use of animal droppings, town refuse ash and plant remains is recommended.

Assessment of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from Different Brands of Window Air-Conditioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Olayemi Abosede Odunlami ◽  
J.N. Chinyelugo ◽  
Francis Boluwaji Elehinafe ◽  
Muyiwa Adedapo Fajobi ◽  
A.A. Ayoola
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Air Conditioners

Electrical appliances have been suspected to contribute harmful pollutants to the atmosphere hence reducing the quality of outdoor ambient air, this suspicion has given rise to environmentalists carrying out research to determine whether these appliances are pollutant free or not. In the course of this research, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide emissions were assessed from the outdoor part of window air-conditioners. Eight window air-conditioners of four prominent brands labeled as A1, A2, A3 and A4 were identified. The air from the outdoor part of the window air-conditioner was monitored for one hour with readings taken at two minutes intervals using the MSA Altair Xcell 5X Gas Sensor. Raw data of results were obtained for the eight window air-conditioners and they were analysed to obtain the daily, weekly, monthly and yearly contributions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide to the atmosphere. The yearly contributions of carbon monoxide for each brand was 15360.00 ppm for A1, 15360.00 ppm for A2, 7680.00 ppm for A3 and 5760.00 ppm for A4 while the hydrogen sulfide contributions for each of the brands was 3840.00 ppm for A1, 1920.00 ppm for A2, 0.00 ppm for A3 and 0.00 ppm for A4. From the results obtained, A1window air conditioner had the highest contribution to both carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the atmosphere.

Air Toxics in the U.S.: Magnitude of the Problem and Strategy for Control

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
D. Kent Berry
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Air Toxics ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The U.S

Over the past several years, substantial concern has been expressed by some in Congress, environmental groups, and members of the public concerning the lack of progress in regulating toxic air pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As a result, a number of amendments to the Federal Clean Air Act have been introduced to require EPA to regulate in a relatively rapid timeframe, a large number of potentially toxic pollutants that are released to the ambient air. This paper discusses EPA's current understanding of the magnitude and nature of the air toxics problem in the U.S., and the pollutants and source categories that pose the most significant risk to the public. The focus of the discussion is on routine releases, as opposed to catastrophic, accidental releases such as the one in Bhopal, India. The paper then discusses the strategy that EPA has put in place to deal with the problem and presents the status of a number of regulatory and non-regulatory activities under way to better understand the problem and to mitigate it. The strategy involves important roles for: (1) EPA to regulate national problems using a variety of Federal authorities in addition to the Clean Air Act, and (2) States to develop their own air toxic control programs to deal with unique local problems involving high risk point sources and multipollutant, multisource problems in large urban or industrialized areas.

scholarly journals Air Quality of Work, Residential, and Traffic Areas During the COVID-19 Lockdown with Insights to Improve Air Quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badr H Alharbi ◽  
Hatem A Alhazmi ◽  
Zaid Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Work Site ◽  
Residential Site ◽  
Traffic Site ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract This study investigated the concentrations of air pollutants (NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) at three sites with different traffic loads (work, residential, and traffic sites) before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and associated potential pollution control implications of the lockdown on the quality of ambient air at three selected sites in the urban area of Riyadh City. The average concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, and CO decreased during the lockdown period by 73%, 44%, 53%, and 32% at the work site, 222%, 85%, 100%, and 60% at the residential site, and 133%, 60%, 101%, and 103% at the traffic site relative to the pre-lockdown period, respectively. The average concentration of O3 increased by 6% at the work site, whereas the concentration of SO2 increased by 27% at the residential site and decreased by 6.5% at the work site. The changes in PM10 and PM2.5 varied and did not exhibit a clear pattern. The air quality index (AQI) results indicated that the contribution to “undesired” air quality by O3 was 35.29% of the lockdown period at the work site while contributions to undesired air quality by PM10 and PM2.5 were 75.6% and 100% at the work site, 94.5% and 100% at the residential site, and 96.7% and 100% at the traffic site, respectively. The findings of this study are useful for devising effective urban pollution abatement policies. Applying control measures comparable to the lockdown measures over one week will result in a decrease of approximately 19% and 15% in CO mean concentration and 25% and 18% in NO2 mean concentration at residential and traffic sites, respectively. Significant mitigation of urban air pollution could be accomplished through intermittent implementations of strict pollution control measures.

scholarly journals Air Quality of Work, Residential, and Traffic Areas during the COVID-19 Lockdown with Insights to Improve Air Quality

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Badr H. Alharbi ◽  
Hatem A. Alhazmi ◽  
Zaid M. Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Work Site ◽  
Residential Site ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Traffic Site ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study investigated the concentrations of air pollutants (NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) at three sites with different traffic loads (work, residential, and traffic sites) before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and associated potential pollution control implications of the lockdown on the quality of ambient air at three selected sites in the urban area of Riyadh City. The average concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, and CO decreased during the lockdown period by 73%, 44%, 53%, and 32% at the work site; 222%, 85%, 100%, and 60% at the residential site; and 133%, 60%, 101%, and 103% at the traffic site relative to the pre-lockdown period, respectively. The average concentration of O3 increased by 6% at the work site, whereas the concentration of SO2 increased by 27% at the residential site and decreased by 6.5% at the work site. The changes in PM10 and PM2.5 varied and did not exhibit a clear pattern. The air quality index (AQI) results indicated that the contribution to “undesired” air quality by O3 was 35.29% of the lockdown period at the work site while contributions to undesired air quality by PM10 and PM2.5 were 75.6% and 100% at the work site, 94.5% and 100% at the residential site, and 96.7% and 100% at the traffic site, respectively. The findings of this study are useful for devising effective urban pollution abatement policies. Applying control measures comparable to the lockdown measures over one week will result in a decrease of approximately 19% and 15% in CO mean concentration and 25% and 18% in NO2 mean concentration at residential and traffic sites, respectively.

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