scholarly journals Species Composition of Mosquitoes from Boarding School Dormitories in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
A O Omoregie ◽  
M E Omoregie ◽  
A D Adetimehin ◽  
F I Aigbodion
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edo State

This study investigated the distribution, species composition, and sex ratio of indoor resting mosquitoes alongside their relationship with climatic conditions in school dormitories located in Egor, Oredo and Ikpoba-okha Local Government Areas (LGAs) respectively in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected with the aid of a sweep net and mechanical aspirator from randomly selected school dormitories between 08.00hr and 11.00hr from November (2011) to June (2012). The mosquitoes collected were identified using published morphological identification keys. A total of 766 mosquitoes containing four species: Culex quinquefasciatus (n=724; 94.5%), Anopheles gambiaes.l. (n=37; 4.8%), Culexannulioris (n=4; 0.5%) and Anopheles funestus (n=1; 0.1%) in descending order of importance, were collected. Cx.quinquefasciatus was the most predominant mosquito species in school dormitories across the three LGAs. Cx. annulioris and An. gambiaes.l were most abundant in school dormitories located in Oredo and Ikpoba-okha LGAs respectively. An.funestus occurred only in school dormitories located in Oredo LGA. Analysis of the relationship between meteorological data and species abundance varied significantly (P<0.05) only among An. gambiaes.l with rainfall. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the sex ratio for all species obtained from the various locations except An. gambiae and Cx. annulioris in dormitories located in Oredo LGA Results of this study revealed the high presence of mosquito-borne disease risk within the school dormitories and environ, and therefore, the urgent need for properly planned, executed and regular evaluation of control measures.

scholarly journals Species Composition of Mosquitoes from Boarding School Dormitories in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
A O Omoregie ◽  
M E Omoregie ◽  
A D Adetimehin ◽  
F I Aigbodion
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edo State

This study investigated the distribution, species composition, and sex ratio of indoor resting mosquitoes alongside their relationship with climatic conditions in school dormitories located in Egor, Oredo and Ikpoba-okha Local Government Areas (LGAs) respectively in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected with the aid of a sweep net and mechanical aspirator from randomly selected school dormitories between 08.00hr and 11.00hr from November (2011) to June (2012). The mosquitoes collected were identified using published morphological identification keys. A total of 766 mosquitoes containing four species: Culex quinquefasciatus (n=724; 94.5%), Anopheles gambiaes.l. (n=37; 4.8%), Culexannulioris (n=4; 0.5%) and Anopheles funestus (n=1; 0.1%) in descending order of importance, were collected. Cx.quinquefasciatus was the most predominant mosquito species in school dormitories across the three LGAs. Cx. annulioris and An. gambiaes.l were most abundant in school dormitories located in Oredo and Ikpoba-okha LGAs respectively. An.funestus occurred only in school dormitories located in Oredo LGA. Analysis of the relationship between meteorological data and species abundance varied significantly (P<0.05) only among An. gambiaes.l with rainfall. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the sex ratio for all species obtained from the various locations except An. gambiae and Cx. annulioris in dormitories located in Oredo LGA Results of this study revealed the high presence of mosquito-borne disease risk within the school dormitories and environ, and therefore, the urgent need for properly planned, executed and regular evaluation of control measures.

scholarly journals Trend of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) monthly distribution in Sanandaj County of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahadin Salavati ◽  
AMIR HOSSEIN ZAHIRNIA ◽  
Hassan Nasirian ◽  
SHAHYAD AZARI-HAMIDIAN
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Abstract. Salavati B, Zahirnia AH, Nasirian H, Hamidian SA. 2021. Trend of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) monthly distribution in Sanandaj County of Iran. Biodiversitas 22: 4705-4715. Mosquitoes are the most significant arthropods of medical importance due to their burden of transmitting pathogens and parasites. The present study was designed to investigate the distribution of mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sanandaj County in 2018. Sanandaj County was divided into four areas in rural and urban areas, including north, south, east, and west. Four rural and urban areas were randomly selected from four geographical directions. A sampling of larval and adult mosquitoes was performed using standard methods. The dipping technique was used to collect the mosquito larvae. A sampling of adult mosquitoes was performed during feeding on humans and animal baits and resting in the natural indoors, outdoors, and artificial areas. Light traps were also used to collect adult mosquitoes. The larval and adult specimens were identified using the morphology-based key. In total, nine mosquito species, including Anopheles maculipennis s.l., Anopheles superpictus s.l., Culiseta longiareolata, Culiseta subochrea, Culex hortensis, Culex mimeticus, Culex modestus, Culex pipiens, and Culex theileri were inhabited in Sanandaj County. The larval and adult mosquito species trend remains constant for at least 6 months of a year, from May to October. One-way ANOVA didn't reveal a significant difference between mosquito breeding places' habitats and water types, mosquito localities and life stages, monthly mosquito distribution, and adult mosquito resting places. The frequency trends of larval and adult mosquito species remain constant at least for 6 months of a year. It needs to be ready for timely mosquito control measures.

scholarly journals Malaria vector species composition and relative abundance in Mutare and Mutasa districts, Zimbabwe

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sande ◽  
M. Zimba ◽  
P. Chinwada ◽  
H.T. Masendu ◽  
A. Makuwaza
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Vector Behaviour

Regular entomological monitoring is important to determine changes in mosquito species composition and relative densities of malaria vectors in relation to vector control interventions. A study to gain insights into malaria vector species composition and relative abundance was undertaken in Mutare and Mutasa districts, Zimbabwe. Two methods; indoor resting catches and larval sampling were used to collect indoor resting adults and larvae from May 2013 to April 2014. Mosquitoes collected as adults and reared from larvae that were identified morphologically as potential malaria vectors were further processed to sibling species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Morphological identification of anopheline mosquitoes showed presence of two complexes: <em>An. funestus</em> and <em>An. gambiae</em>. The total number of female members of the <em>An. funestus</em> group and <em>An. gambiae</em> complex collected by both methods from the two sites was 840 and 31 respectively. Malaria vector species of both complexes were more abundant in Mutare than in Mutasa. The PCR-based assays showed the presence of four sibling species: <em>An. funestus</em> <em>sensu</em> <em>stricto</em> (90.8%, 267/294) and <em>An. leesoni</em> (5.1%, 15/294), of <em>An. funestus</em> group; <em>An. arabiensis</em> (41.9%, 13/31) and <em>An. quadriannulatus</em> (48.4%, 15/31) of the <em>An. gambiae</em> complex. About 4% and 5% of specimens of <em>An. gambiae</em> complex and A<em>n. funestus</em> group respectively did not amplify. Of the two identified malaria vector sibling species, An. funestus sensu stricto was more abundant (95.4%, 267/280) than <em>An. arabiensis</em> (4.6%, 13/280), suggesting the replacement to secondary vector of <em>An. arabiensis</em>, which was previously the predominant vector species. <em>An. funestus</em> <em>sensu</em> <em>stricto</em> and <em>An</em>. <em>arabiensis</em>, the most important vectors of human malaria were identified in this study, but their resting and biting habits as well as insecticide susceptibility are unclear. Further studies on vector behaviour are therefore recommended.

Influence of climatic factors on aggression and infectivity of Anopheles in the districts the Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) in Northern Benin, West Africa.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
André SOMINAHOUIN ◽  
Germain Gil Padonou ◽  
Rodrigue Landéhou ◽  
Albert Sourou Salako ◽  
Hermann Sagbohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Climate variability influence the diversity and abundance of malaria vectors and thereby on malaria transmission dynamics. Examine its effect on Anopheles parameters involved in transmission may predict the potential malaria hotspot as a right target for its control intervention strategies. Here, we investigated the influence of meteorological parameters on the aggressiveness and infectivity of Anopheles in two health districts zones where IRS has been extended in Northern Benin. Methods: Mosquito collections were carried out using human landing catches to evaluate rates of aggression and infectivity in twelve villages. Concomitantly, meteorological data from synoptic stations of Benin and neighbouring countries were collected in 2016-2017. Results: The spatial distribution of infective bites of An. gambiae is characterized by an intense aggression in the rural villages of the study area. Analysis of variances showed significant HBR difference according to the period but not according to the locality. However, the same analysis carried out with the infectivity rate shows no significant difference according to the period and the locality. In addition, the number of infective bites per man per month is higher in August and October, and the climatic parameters that have mainly favoured aggression are wind speed, humidity, sunshine and temperature. Indeed, the peak of wind speed is concentrated around 1.2 km / h and in September (5 km / h) whereas the aggressiveness score of Anopheles in the region is greater than 10 infective bites per man a year. Conclusion Malaria transmission by Anopheles is influenced by climatic factors. The climate observed in the districts where IRS was extended in northern Benin has a real impact on Anopheles density and weakens current and future vector control strategies. This could lead to a series of modifications observed in anopheline populations just after IRS implementation ranging from a tendency to exophagy, from a decrease in the rate of blood-feeding to changes in the time, and change in aggressiveness. These phenomena most likely contribute to the sustainability of malaria transmission despite vector control measures. Keywords: Infectivity, aggression, Climate, Anopheles gambiae ( s.l. ), IRS, Benin.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Knowledge of Poultry Farmers and Live Poultry Sellers to Preventive and Control Measures on Bird Flu, Benin City, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
V. Y. Adam ◽  
A. M. Qasim ◽  
M. O. Kazeem
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Live Poultry ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
And Control

Investigated was the knowledge of preventive measures of avian influenza from farmers, live chicken sellers, and poultry veterinarian in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study using standardized questionnaire was conducted. Respondents included 236 poultry farmers, live chicken sellers (LCS), and veterinarian aged 12–70 years in contact with birds through husbandry. The study duration was from October 2010 to May 2011. Participants knowledge on transmission sources showed low understanding with highest being from bird-bird (57.3%). The medium most commonly utilized was electronic media (82.5%) as information source. Respondents thought that vaccination of birds (80.6%) would prevent infection. Farmers’ education on bird flu needs to be improved through veterinary public health and health promotion approach. Nonpharmaceutical preventive measures such as hand washing freely and avoidance of eye, nose, and mouth touching must be improved.

scholarly journals Assessment of Vehicular-Induced Emissions in some Selected Areas in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1535-1539
Author(s):  
W.A. Raji ◽  
L.A. Jimoda ◽  
J.K. Odobor ◽  
A.O. Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
The Status ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Environmental Health Problem

Vehicular emission is a major environmental health problem in the world today especially in developing countries including Nigeria. This study was centered on assessing the vehicular emissions pollutants such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The sampling of the CO and H2S gaseous pollutants was done using H-4S gas analyzer while JCG60 gas detector was used to measure TVOC and HCHO. The meteorological parameters were measured with HTC-1 hygrometer thermometer. AQI was calculated to determine the status of the ambient air quality of the study areas. Carbon monoxide concentration obtained from the result ranges from 3.12-16.1 ppm with location C having the highest amount of 16.1 ppm which exceeds the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standard of 10 ppm. The calculated AQI shows that the study areas are all polluted. Continuous measurement and inventory of air pollutants should be encouraged, as this will enable the policymakers to effectively implement control measures on air pollution.

scholarly journals UPDATED COUNTY MOSQUITO SPECIES RECORDS FOR NORTHWEST FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Aedes Japonicus ◽  
Aedes Japonicus Japonicus ◽  
Made In ◽  
Northwest Florida

This report updates the mosquito species composition for Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton, Holmes, Washington, Jackson, Calhoun, Liberty, Gadsden, Leon, Wakulla, Jefferson, Madison, and Taylor Counties, through collections made in a centralized surveillance program operated from 2002-2020 in northwest Florida. 91 county species records were documented. The most notable discoveries included finding Mansonia titillans (Walker) in eleven of the fourteen surveyed counties, Psorophora horrida (Dyar and Knab) in nine, Anopheles perplexens Ludlow in eight and Culex erraticus (Dyar and Knab) and Uranotaenia lowii Theobald in seven. Psorophora mathesoni Belkin and Heinemann and Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) were found in six new counties. Culex pilosus (Dyar and Knab) was found solely in Calhoun and Liberty Cos., while Culex peccator Dyar and Knab and Culex tarsalis Coquillett were recovered in Calhoun Co. and Santa Rosa Co., respectively. Mansonia titillans, Cx. erraticus, Cx. tarsalis and Ae. j. japonicus are known arbovirus vectors, thus increasing the disease risk in this region.

Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce.  This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used.  Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively.   Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference.  Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases.  Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity.  The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

Comparative study of Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Mild and Severe Reflux Esophagitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Melania Macarie ◽  
Simona Maria Bataga ◽  
Monica Pantea ◽  
Razvan Opaschi ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: This study aims to determine the correlation between risk factors and erosive esophagitis development.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study on a consecutive series of 19.672 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 01.01.2011-31.12.2017. A total of 3005 patients, diagnosed with erosive esophagitis, were included in the present study and stratified according to Los Angeles classification.Results: During the studied period we found 3005 patients with erosive esophagitis, sex ratio male to female was 1.3/1, the most common forms of esophagitis being grade A and B: 74.54% patients with esophagitis grade A, 14.80% patients with grade B; 5.29% patients were with grade C and 5.35% patients with esophagitis grade D. In severe esophagitis the male predominance was more prevalent (249 males, 71 female), with a sex ratio 3.50/1. The correlation of male gender with severe esophagitis was highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001, OR 2.97; 95% CI 2.25-3.91). Hiatal hernia was diagnosed in 1171 patients, the presence of large hiatal hernias, being an important predictor, with statistical significance (p < 0.0001, OR 3.41; 95% CI 2.22-5.21), for severe esophagitis development. Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 11.51%, in the entire study group, with no statistical significant difference between patients with mild or severe esophagitis (12.02% vs 7.18%).Conclusion: Erosive esophagitis is a frequent disease, the most common forms being grade A and B. Male gender and the presence of hiatal hernia are the most important risk factors for erosive esophagitis development, in our study group.

Current Status of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Ahmad Dakeel Al Awad ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and the complications may be life-threatening; however, with proper treatment and control measures, it can be very well-managed. Self-management training and education of diabetes are critical in diabetes care and management. It is essential that patients with diabetes must have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the disease, risk factors, complications, and possible treatment modalities to attenuate the complications. Over the last few years, DM in Saudi Arabia has been rapidly growing at an alarming rate. It has affected around one-fifth of the adult population, and by 2030, the numbers are predicted to rise further and exceed more than double the present number. An estimated tenfold increase has been reported over the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, there has not been much research focusing on understanding the knowledge and awareness of DM in Saudi Arabia as compared to developed nations. This review aims to present an overview of the current knowledge and awareness level of DM among the population of Saudi Arabia through an extensive review of the currently available literature. The review findings could be of immense assistance to the government, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and researchers to develop evidence-based programs, policies, and guidelines towards increasing the knowledge and awareness about diabetes and its management, so that early detection and management can be ensured to control the escalating burden of diabetes, in Saudi Arabia.

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