In vitro evaluation of antisickling activity of herbal combination of three medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
O.O. Amujoyegbe ◽  
M. Idu ◽  
J.M. Agbedahunsi ◽  
G.N. Bazuaye
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
African People ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium ◽  
Cell Disorder

Sickle cell disorder is a genetic ailment with enormous social and economic burden for patients and caregivers. The most promising management apart from being expensive particularly for poor African people, faces some major incompatibility problems. The patients consequently rely on herbal therapy which could be prepared in single or combination forms to manage the painful episodes and its complications. This present study aimed to formulate polyherbal combination and evaluate three purposively selected plants previously reported for their antisickling activities. The polyherbal products were formulated using both aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts into different combinational ratio with the best in 1:1:1 and evaluated for its antisickling activity. The antisickling activity involved both the inhibitory and reversal effects at varying concentrations from 1.0 mg/ml to 6.0 mg/ml using ciklavit as the positive control. The best inhibitory activity was found in ethanol extract of Piper guineense, Gongronema latifolium and Cymbopogon citratus (PGC) with 70.09 ± 0.67% when compared with the positive control (59.25 ± 0.05%) at 4.0 mg/mg while the reversal ability was 67.87 ± 1.23%. The aqueous extracts of the combinations had activity above 50% with the exception of PGC (2:3:1) which is a little less than 50% (46.67 ± 0.98%) while the highest was 60.02 ± 0.87%. The polyherbal ethanol extract had better effects than the aqueous extract and the standard drug used in this study.

scholarly journals In VivoAntiplasmodial and Analgesic Effect of Crude Ethanol Extract ofPiper guineenseLeaf Extract inAlbinoMice

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Kabiru ◽  
G. F. Ibikunle ◽  
D. A. Innalegwu ◽  
B. M. Bola ◽  
F. M. Madaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of crude ethanol extract ofPiper guineensewas investigated in mice. The antiplasmodial and analgesic efficacy of the extract was judged on its ability to reduce parasitemia and writhing, respectively, in mice. The antiplasmodial screening involved treating infected mice with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract while the positive control group was given standard artesunate drug. The analgesic test was carried out by administering 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to three groups of healthy mice, respectively, after induction of pain with 0.75% acetic acid. The positive control group was given aspirin drug. Parasitemia was reduced by 28.36%, 43.28%, and 62.69% in a dose-dependent pattern in the curative test which was significantly different (P<0.05) from 96.03% of the standard drug. The reduction of writhing by mice given the extract was also dose-dependent (36.29, 45.43, and 59.07%). Aspirin drug was however more effective (86.36%). The extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Result obtained in this study demonstrated the efficacy of ethanol extract ofPiper guineenseas an antiplasmodial and analgesic agent.

scholarly journals In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paraserianthes falcataria bark waste against Haemonchus contortus obtained from a local slaughterhouse in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1549-1554
Author(s):  
Zein Ahmad Baihaqi ◽  
Irkham Widiyono ◽  
Wisnu Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paraserianthes falcataria bark against Haemonchus contortus. Materials and Methods: Ethanol extract of bark (E.E.B.) waste and aqueous extract of bark (A.E.B.) waste of P. falcataria (at concentrations 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 2.5, and 5%) and albendazole (2 mg/ml) as the positive control were placed in separate Petri dishes (50 mm). Twenty H. contortus worms were placed in Petri dishes and incubated at 37°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 h. Mortality of each worm was ensured by pressing the body of the worm with a pair of tweezers and keeping it in lukewarm water for 5 min before declaring it dead. Mortality is defined as amount of death individuals and time of mortality of each worm was recorded. The parasites were then observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 15 Kv. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test to detect significant differences (p<0.05). The result was expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Results: The E.E.B. and A.E.B. of P. falcataria contained active compounds, such as tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, and triterpenoid. E.E.B. had a higher content of phenol, while A.E.B. had a higher content of flavonoid. In this study, P. falcataria showed a significant effect (p=0.00) on H. contortus in vitro. E.E.B. (0.8%) was able to exterminate H. contortus completely after 6 h, more effective than A.E.B. (5%) while the positive control requires (2 mg/ml) after 2 h. SEM analysis of the worm treated with E.E.B. and A.E.B. showed damaged cuticle structure. Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of P. falcataria bark waste demonstrated anthelmintic activity against H. contortus.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB. ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
FARIDA ERVINTARI ◽  
RIA PUSPITAWATI ◽  
SRI UTAMI
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Negative Controls

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol Curcuma extract on the viability of S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in a dualspeciesin vitro biofilm model.Methods: Dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and S. sanguinis were exposed to ethanol Curcuma extract at various concentrations. The sample ofsaliva was gathered from healthy volunteers. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control, and bacterial culture without intervention servedas a negative control. The total suspensions of 10−as were prepared for S. mutans and S. sanguinis cells. The bacteria were incubated for 20 h (activematuration phase) and 24 h (maturation phase).Results: The result showed decreased S. mutans and S. sanguinis viability after exposure to 0.2%–25% Curcuma ethanol extracts during the activeaccumulation and maturation phases. The decrease in bacterial viability was significantly different in all concentrations of Curcuma ethanol extractscompared with negative controls (p<0.05) in the active accumulation and maturation phases.Conclusion: Temulawak ethanol extract (starting at 0.2%) can decrease the viability of S. mutans and S. sanguinis in a dual species in vitro biofilmmodel during the accumulation and maturation phases.

UJI IN VITRO EKSTRAK AIR DAN ETANOL DARI BUAH ASAM GELUGUR, RIMPANG LENGKUAS, DAN KENCUR SEBAGAI INHIBITOR AKTIVITAS LIPASE PANKREAS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Iswantini ◽  
Latifah K. Darusman ◽  
Ana Fitriyani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Asam gelugur fruits of Garcinia often used to reduce body weight. Lengkuas and kencur are traditional herbal that potential for antiobesity because they could reduce the level of phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The aim of the research was to evaluate the potencies of these herbal as antiobesity by measurement of their water and ethanol extracts capabilities as in vitro inhibitor of pancreatic lipase activity. The water and ethanol extracts of asam gelugur fruits contained saponins and alkaliods, respectively. The water extract of lengkuas rhizomes contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and quinones, while the ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids. The water extract of kencur rhizomes contained saponins and quinones, while the ethanolextract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and quinones. The highest inhibitory effect of all extracts was obtained from the ethanol extract of asam gelugur fruits with value of 86.3% at 150 ppm. The highest inhibitory effect of lengkuas extracts was from the ethanol extract at 200 ppm (56.2%). The highestinhibitory effect of kencur was showed by the ethanol extract with the value 37.6% at 300 ppm. These values were higher than the inhibitory effect of the positive control (Xenical®) at 100 ppm (10.6%).

Evaluation of Snake Venom’s PhospholipaseA2 Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Cyphostemma adenocoule

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Atul Kaushik ◽  
Teamrat S. Tesfai ◽  
Daniel K. Barkh ◽  
Furtuna K. Ghebremeskel ◽  
Habtom G. Zerihun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background: A snake bite is fundamentally an injury often resulting in puncture wounds meted out by the animal's fangs and occasionally resulting in envenomation. Rate of snake bites around 5,400,000 bites per year leads to over 2,500,000 envenomings and around 125,000 fatal cases annually. Snake venom enzymes are rich in metalloproteinases, phospholipaseA2, proteinases, acetylcholinesterases and hyaluronidases. Objective: Cyphostemma adenocoule is traditionally being used for the treatment of snake bites in Eritrea. The present research was aimed at evaluating the snake venom enzyme inhibition activity of C. adenocoule against puff adder venom and developing a base for the traditional use of the plant against snakebites in Eritrea. Methods: The anti-venom activity of C. adenocoule was assessed in-vitro through phospholipaseA2 enzyme inhibition assay using egg yolk as a cell. The ethanol and chloroform extracts of C. adenocoule showed in vitro anti phospholipase A2 activity, whereas the water extracts of the plant showed no activity. Results: Among the extracts of C. adenocoule, the highest percentage of inhibition was obtained from chloroform extract (95.55% at 100mg/ml). The extract showed prominent activity at different concentrations (34.7% at10mg/ml, 48.8% at 20mg/ml, 54.8% at 40mg/ml, 60.9% at 60mg/ml, 80.5% at 80mg /ml). The ethanol extract also showed certain activity at various concentrations (25.22% at10mg/ml, 14.78% at 20mg/ml, 2.6% at40mg/ml). The activity of the chloroform extracts increases as concentration increases, whereas the activity of the ethanol extracts decreases as concentration increases. The aqueous extract of C. adenocoule did not show any activity at all concentrations. Conclusion: In this study, the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the plant inhibited the enzyme of interest and thus proved the efficacy of anti-snake venom activity of the plant.

Exploring the Pharmacognostic Features, Anti-oxidant and Lipid Lowering Potential of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Neeraj Panihar ◽  
Neeru Vasudeva ◽  
Sunil Sharma ◽  
Babu Lal Jangir
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Β Carotene

Background: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. is a herb consumed as food and has medicinal value. It is a rich source of bioactive nutrients which cure and prevent many ailments. Traditionally, it is used to treat hypertension, diabetes, constipation, cancer etc. Methods and Objective: Present work illustrates morphological, microscopic and physicochemical parameters of Fagopyrum esculentum seeds as per WHO guidelines, in vitro antioxidant activity; assessed by DPPH scavenging method, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching method and study of lipid lowering potential of the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of seeds on normal diet fed Wistar rats. Results: Morphological studies delineated the triangular shape, dark brown colour, 8 mm length and 6 mm width of the seed. The microscopic examination of the transverse section of seed depicted features like testa or pericarp (seed coat), the endosperm, embryo and sclerenchyma cells. Study of physiochemical parameters exhibited 0.3±0.02% of foreign matter and 1.44±0.51% crude fibre content. Total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash value were 6.7±1.7%, 1.9±0.23% and 3.9± 0.31% respectively. Alcohol soluble and water soluble extractive value came out to be 65.02± 3.21 mg/g and 12.7±1.24 mg/g respectively. Foaming index was less than 100, swelling index was found to be 0.5±0.01 ml/g. Loss on drying was 4.02±1.27%. Phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate and ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and flavonoids. Trace amount of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pesticide residue analysis confirmed the presence of nontoxic pesticides like dimethipin, hymexazol, phenothrin-2, methoprene, triadimenol, prohydrojasmon- 1, jasmolin ii, triademinol, jasmolin i, prohydrojasmone i, cyromazine in both the extracts by gc-ms spectrometer. The ethyl acetate and ethanol extract has shown significant in-vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated by the DPPH method (IC50 = 94.37±2.51 and 216.04±4.39 μg/ml respectively), hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay (IC50 = 83.72±3.72 and 193.47±5.05 µg/ml respectively) and β-carotene bleaching method (IC50 = 100.67±4.01 and 205.39±2.89 µg/ml respectively). Lipid lowering study performed on Wistar rats demonstrated a significant (p<0.001) decrease in serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and increase in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level as compared to normal group. Both the extracts have shown a non significant difference in the level of TG as compared to standard drug atorvastatin, depicting that the efficacy of extracts is at par with that of standard drug atorvastatin. Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study of the plant can be a very good tool for identification as well as authentication of a herb. Moreover, these parameters may be helpful in the development of monograph of the plant. Pharmacological activity confirmed Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. seed to be a good antioxidant and have lipid lowering potential.

scholarly journals IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN-VIVO HEPATO PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM THE BARK OF SHOREA ROBUSTA (DIPTEROCARPACEAE) AGAINST CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Diptanu Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Carbon Tetra ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

ABSTRACT: The study is designed for the evaluation of in-vivo Hepato protective and in-vitro Anti oxidant activity of ethanol extracts from the bark of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) by CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ethanol extracts from the bark Shorea robusta (EESR) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing liver damage by CCl4. The anti oxidant activity of EESR was assayed by various in-vitro antioxidant methods and activities were compared to standard ascorbic acid. Ethanol extracts at an oral dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg exhibited a significant (*p<0.005) protective effects by lowering the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Serum bilirubin, total cholesterol and increasing the level of total proteins as compared to Silymarin (50mg/kg) used as positive control. The extracts exhibit significant anti oxidant activity in various in vitro anti oxidant models.  From these studies we are concluding that, the ethanolic extracts of S.robusta have potent hepatoprotective effects and have anti oxidant properties, hence can be used as a natural product against liver damage.KEY WORDS: Anti oxidant, Carbon tetra chloride,  Hepatoprotective,  Shorea robusta

scholarly journals Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Ketepeng Cina (Senna alata) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Taswin Yacob ◽  
Rita Endriani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Senna Alata ◽  
Treatment Of Infection ◽  
Range Test

The benefit and efficacy of ketepeng cina (Senna alata) in the treatment of infection has shown that have antibacterialactivity, inhibiting and killing bacteria that cause infection. The objective of this study was evaluate the antibacterialactivity of ketepeng cina against Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli in vitro. This study was a laboratoryexperimental research which use completely randomized design with diffusion method. Ethanol extract of Sennaalata leaves devided into 4 doses, i.c. 100, 50, 25 and 12.5. Amoxiclave were used as positive control and aquadestnegative control. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Varian continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Theresult of this study showed that antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract Senna alata leaves inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus, but not Escherichia coli. The optimum effect was showed given by the concentration 100at 17.7 mm.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF MEDICINAL DRACAENA CINNABARI BALF. F. RESIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
YASSER HUSSEIN EISSA MOHAMMED ◽  
DEEPIKA HS ◽  
FARES HEZAM AL-OSTOOT ◽  
ZABIULLA ◽  
ANILAKUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Dracaena Cinnabari

Objective: The objective of the study was to in vitro evaluate of hypolipidemic effect of extracts of medicinal Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f. resin. Methods: About 800 g of dry powder of the resin of dracaena cinnabar was taken in a Soxhlet apparatus and subjected for sequential extraction of solvents from non-polar to polar end (hexane, benzene, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water); the extract samples were kept at 4°C for further assays. All the extracts were subjected to glucose uptake assay. Results: The ethanol extract showed significant (p<0.05) hypolipidemic effect by decreasing the activity of enzyme such as significant reduction in the pancreatic lipase enzyme, malic dehydrogenase enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme with IC50~13, ~13, and ~14, respectively. This results were similar to the standard drug atorvastatin with IC50~12, ~16, and ~17, respectively. Ethanol extract exhibited significant atherogenic index and percentage protection against hyperlipidemia. The potential biological activity of ethanol extract may be attributed to the highest polarity which needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Air dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera LAM)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Rizkayanti Rizkayanti ◽  
Anang Wahid M. Diah ◽  
Minarni Rama Jura
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Antioxidant Potency ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa (moringa oleifera Lam) leaves contains many molecules as inhibitors for free radicals such as phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, lignans, stilbenes, tannins), nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, amines, betalain), vitamins, terpenoids (including carotenoids), and several other endogenous metabolites as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potency of water and ethanol extracts of moringa (moringa oleifera Lam) leave obtained by maceration and dekok. The concentration of free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer after addition of various concentrations of Moringa leaves extracts. Various concentrations of moringa leave extracts used were 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm and 80 ppm. Vitamin C solutions as the positive control were prepared on similar various concentrations. The negative control was prepared using DPPH solutions dissolved in absolute ethanol. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of moringa leaves prepared by maceration method showed the antioxidant potency with an IC50 value of 22.1818 ppm, but the IC50 value of water extract of moringa leaves prepared by dekok was 57.5439 ppm. While, the IC50 value of Vitamin C was 8.8084 ppm. Based on the IC50 data it can be concluded that Vitamin C is a stronger antioxidant than moringa leaves extracts.

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