scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM RICE STRAW USING YEAST EXTRACTS PEPTONE DEXTROSE

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
DY Tsunatu ◽  
KG Atiku ◽  
TT Samuel ◽  
BI Hamidu ◽  
DI Dahutu
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Pre Treatment

The production of bio-ethanol from Rice Straw (Oryza sativa) was carried out using rice straw as a feedstock and a combination of Yeast Extracts Peptone Dextrose (YEPD)at 0.2%(w/v) 0.4%(w/v), 0.6%(w/v), 0.8%(w/v) and 1%(w/v) concentrations and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) at 0.5% (w/v), 1%(w/v), 1.5%(w/v), 2%(w/v) and 2.5%(w/v) concentrations as cells for fermentation. The study determined the most suitable pre-treatment method from the following pretreatment methods; 1M NaOH and heating. IM NaOH pre-treatment gave the highest cellulose and lowest lignin content. The effects of substrate concentration values of 1g/l, 2g/l, 4g/l, 6g/l and 8g/l; with particle size of 300μm and cell loading combination of YEPD at 0.2%(w/v) 0.4%(w/v), 0.6%(w/v), 0.8%(w/v), 1%(w/v) concentrations and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) at 0.5% (w/v), 1%(w/v), 1.5%(w/v), 2%(w/v), 2.5%(w/v) on the fermentation process were investigated to obtain optimum conditions of fermentation. The optimum conditions of fermentation were obtained at temperature of 330C, pH value of 4.0, substrate concentration of 4g/l, particle size 300μm and YEPD to yeast ratio of 0.8/1.5 after 72 hours of fermentation time. Also substrate concentration of 4g/l, gave highest bioethanol yield of 49.50%. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.36

scholarly journals Bioconversion of cassava stem to ethanol using Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 6895-6908
Author(s):  
Bo Yu ◽  
Luqiao Jin ◽  
Huiling Xia ◽  
Yu Lu ◽  
Mengyi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Cassava Stem

Cassava stem was bioconverted to ethanol using microorganisms. First, cassava stem was pretreated by in ways, alkaline solution alone (ASA), microwave treatment combined with alkaline solution (MTCAS), and ultrasonic treatment combined with alkaline solution (UTCAS). The compositions of cassava stem pretreated by different methods were analyzed, and the results showed that the cassava stem pretreated by MTCAS was more suitable for saccharification and subsequent ethanol production. The pretreated cassava stem was subjected to simultaneous saccharification and ethanol production using Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Response surface methodology was used to optimize various process parameters including fermentation temperature, initial pH, fermentation time, rotational speed and substrate concentration. A bioconversion yield of 70 mg/g was obtained at the optimum conditions of fermentation, viz, temperature 35 °C, initial pH 5.6, fermentation time 132 h, rotational speed 155 rpm, and substrate concentration 4.6 wt%. An experiment under optimum conditions confirmed the model predictions. The results suggest that pretreatment with MTCAS and simultaneous fermentation with A. fumigatus and S. cerevisiae would be a good choice for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol. Considering the cost advantage, using microbial fermentation instead of pure enzyme hydrolysis is more advantageous in 2nd generation bioethanol production.

Screening and Desilication of a Silicate Bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Xian Zhen Zhang ◽  
De Si Sun ◽  
Hai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Silicate Bacteria ◽  
Bauxite Ore

The strain Jgj-1 was isolated from Gaoan bauxite ore. The relations of desilication of the strain Jgj-1 and the pH of solution, temperature, shaking speed, incubation time, particle size were investigated. The results shows the optimum conditions of bioleaching are as following: at 28°C, initial pH value is 7.2, particle size 0.056mm, 200rpm shaking speed, incubation 5-7 days.

scholarly journals Kinetic Behaviour of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by Ultrasonicated A. malaccensis and A. subintegra Leaves of Different Particle Sizes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-828
Author(s):  
Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition ◽  
Lipase Inhibition

Gallic acid and quercetin equivalent were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves of both Aquilaria species were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours, ground and sieved into particle size of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Then, each particle size of leaves was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1:100 (w/v) for 24 hours and undergoes the pre-treatment method by using ultrasonicator (37 kHz), at the temperature of 60 °C for 30 minutes. The crude extracts were obtained after about 4 hours of hydrodistillation process. The highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent was determined in the crude extract from the particle size of 250 µm. The kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition was further studied based using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, wherein the concentration of p-NPP as the substrate and pancreatic lipase were varied. Based on the formation of the lines in the plot, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibit the mixed-inhibition on pancreatic lipase, which indicates that in the reaction, the inhibitors were not only attached to the free pancreatic lipase, but also to the pancreatic lipase-(p-NPP) complex. The reaction mechanism was similar to non-competitive inhibition; however the value of dissociation constant, Ki, for both inhibition pathways was different. The inhibition shows an increment in Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and a reduction in the maximum pancreatic lipase activity (Vm) compared to the reaction without Aquilaria spp. crude extracts (control). This proved that the inhibition occurred in this reaction. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals Optimization of microwave-assisted alkaline pre-treatment method for the cellulolytic fermentation of abaca stripping waste into glucose

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Glanelle Ivy Cea ◽  
Julius Ryan Manlangit ◽  
Marianne Reverente ◽  
John Raymond Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Microwave Time ◽  
Export Product

Abaca fiber remains a vital export product that contributes primarily to the continuous economic growth of the Philippines. However, the voluminous amount of byproducts generated has consistently caused setbacks which often result to major losses to the growing abaca industry in the country. In an attempt to provide a practical solution to the emerging problem, we investigate the utilization of abaca stripping waste (ASW) as a precursor material to produce bioethanol. We test the extent of conversion of the hemicellulose-rich by product to glucose. A box-behnken experimental design was used to obtain the optimal conditions in the conversion process. Alkaline concentration (%), microwave power (W), and microwave time (min) were found to have significant influence on the glucose yield. Actual values of these independent variables were chosen on the basis of preliminary experimental results. Optimum conditions using ridge analysis were found to be: alkaline concentration 2.55%, microwave power 124.0 W, and microwave time at 1.0 min. Conversion to glucose was also performed at optimum conditions. In conclusion, a high glucose yield obtained which is suitable for bioethanol fermentation presents evidence encouraging the utilization of abaca stripping waste to produce high value products.

Effects of microorganism within organic matter on the mechanical behaviour of solidified municipal dredged mud

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1832-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Deng ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Yunzhi Tan ◽  
Yujun Cui ◽  
Chao-sheng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Loading Method ◽  
Pre Treatment

Municipal mud consists of organic matter naturally deposited in a microbial-rich environment, and its common pre-treatment in the laboratory is normally different from that in situ. In this study, an improved pre-loading method and the common pre-treatment method (by air or oven drying) were first applied to investigate the effect of microorganisms within organic matter on performance of the solidified soils. Results reveal that (i) Atterberg limits in the pre-loading method were higher than those in the drying method; (ii) the time-dependent strength became stable for the solidified soils pre-treated by the drying method, while strength decreased for the soils pre-treated by the pre-loading method; (iii) pH value of solidified soils by the pre-loading method decreased more significantly. After excluding the possible porosity influence on solidified soils, the effects of microorganisms within organic matter were investigated by microbial identification tests, including fluorescence detection and high-throughput sequencing. The pre-treatment procedure changed the vitality and diversity of microorganisms, leading to a rebalance between acid erosion and cement hydration during long-term curing. At the end, the long-term strength of the solidified municipal mud by the traditional pre-treatment method (by air or oven drying) could be overevaluated.

scholarly journals Cellulase Enzyme Production From Rice Straw Using Solid State Fermentation and Fungi Aspergillus niger ITBCC L74

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 01010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Maftukhah ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Enzyme Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme

Rice straw is one of very abundant waste of agricultural and has not utilized maximally. This waste contain cellulose and potential in the manufacture of cellulase enzymes. Research on the production of cellulase enzyme from lignocellulose has been done a lot of enzyme activity is still low. This research using cellulose is 71.95% and conducted with 6 stages. First, the preparation of raw material. Second, the decrease of lignin content with alkali pretreatment. Third, the breeding of fungi Aspergillus niger ITBCC L74 . Fourth, incubation in the inoculum. Fifth, the production of cellulase enzyme by solid fermentation method. Finally, the analysis includes protein content, enzyme activity, enzyme characterization and kinetics of enzymatic reactions. The highest enzyme activity of this study is 3.12 U/ml and protein content is 0.34 mg/ml with fermentation time is 4 day and water content is 75%. In enzyme characterization obtained optimum pH and temperature are 4 and 60°C, respectively. And obtained paramatic kinetic are Vmax and Km for 40, 50, 60 and 70°C temperature are Vmax: 6.42; 4.7; 5.82 and 4.46 U/ml and Km : 1.32; 0.38; 0.32; and 0.12%, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Dilute Acid and Alkaline Pretreatments on Enzymatic Saccharfication of Palm Tree Trunk Waste for Bioethanol Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusmiyati Kusmiyati ◽  
Sakina Tunissa Anarki ◽  
Sabda Wahyu Nugroho ◽  
Reistu Widiastutik ◽  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Pre Treatment

The sugar palm tree (Arenga pinnata) was abundant in Indonesia and has high cellulose contents for bioethanol production. However, the lignin content was the major drawback which could inhibit saccharification enzymes and therefore removing the lignin from the biomass is important. This paper evaluated the effects of pretreatments  using nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) at 2 to 10% (v/v) on reducing sugar and ethanol contents and compared with the effects of steam pre-treatment. The pretreated samples were hydrolyzed using cellulase enzymes at pH 5.0 with a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v) for 24 to 72 h at 50 °C. Subsequent assessments of enzymatic saccharification following pre-treatment with 10% (v/v) HNO3 showed maximum reducing   and total sugar contents in palm tree trunk waste of 5.320% and 5.834%, respectively, after 72 h of saccharification. Following pretreatment with 10% (v/v) of NH4OH, the maximum reducing and total sugar contents of palm tree trunk waste were 2.892% and 3.556%, respectively, after 72 h of saccharification. In comparison, steam pretreatments gave maximum reducing sugar and total sugar contents of 1.140% and 1.315% under the same conditions. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted at 37 °C (pH 4.8) and 100 rpm for 120 h using 10% (v/v) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase enzyme with a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v). The result showed the highest ethanol content of 2.648% was achieved by using 10% (v/v) HNO3. The use of 10% (v/v) NH4OH gained a yield of 0.869% ethanol while the steam pretreatment could obtained 0.102% ethanol.  Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by gallic acid and quercetin equivalent in ultrasonicated Malaysian grown Aquilaria spp. leaves of different particle size

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Nur Syafiqah Kamarul Bahari ◽  
Nur Amira Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pancreatic lipase inhibitory compounds (gallic acid and quercetin) and their inhibition properties were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves from widely grown Aquilaria spp. in Malaysia, which are Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours and undergone a pre-treatment method by using ultrasonication, within 30 minutes of reaction. Dried matured leaves were ground and sieved into particle sizes of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Each particle size was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1% (w/v) for 24 hours, prior to ultrasonication process. Particle size of 250 µm resulted in the highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent for both species of Aquilaria, wherein 89.99 mg/ml of gallic acid equivalent and 0.0295 mg/ml of quercetin equivalent were obtained in A. malaccensis crude leaves extract and in A. subintegra crude extract, 101.27 mg/ml and 0.0373 mg/ml were obtained, respectively. Thus, this sample was used in the inhibition study of pancreatic lipase. The concentrations of substrate and enzyme activity prepared were varied in the inhibition kinetics study. Based on the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibited the mixed-inhibition which is also known to be the non-competitive inhibition because the reaction mechanism showing the binding of inhibitor to the free pancreatic lipase and pancreatic lipase-substrate complex. This research is one of the fundamental works for future studies on the natural source to control obesity, which is a new direction of the key research in lipase inhibition.

scholarly journals BIODEGRADASI JERAMI PADI OLEH Penicillium spp. DENGAN VARIASI UKURAN PARTIKEL JERAMI

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Peni Wulandari ◽  
Ema Wulandini ◽  
Ida Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Degradation Time

Biodegradation of rice straw was performed by solid state fermentation using two isolates Penicillium to assess degradation time and effect of particle size on the growth and enzyme  production. Biodegradation of the straw was conducted over 12 days using three straw particle size of 4, 8, and 12 mesh. The results showed that particle size affects the degradation process of rice straw. Delignification influenced by activity of ligninase optimum size of 12 mesh with the degradation time in 2-4 days. Penicillium sp1 produced ligninase with the highest activity 1140 U/mL (lignin content 55.2%) and cellulase 140 U/m (content of cellulose 27.6%)., while highest ligninase and cellulase activity of Penicillium sp2. 882 U/mL (lignin content 49.4%) and 102 U/mL (content of cellulose 15.9%).Keywords: biopulping, biodegradation, rice straw, Penicillium spp.ABSTRAKBiodegradasi jerami padi telah dilakukan secara fermentasi media padat dengan menggunakan dua isolat Penicillium untuk mengkaji waktu degradasi dan pengaruh ukuran partikel jerami terhadap pertumbuhan Penicillium spp. dan produksi enzim lignoselulolitiknya. Biodegradasi jerami padi dilakukan selama 12 hari dengan menggunakan tiga ukuran partikel jerami 4, 8, dan 12 mesh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel berpengaruh terhadap proses degradasi jerami padi. Delignifikasi dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas ligninase yang optimum pada ukuran 12 mesh dengan waktu degradasi 2-4 hari. Penicillium sp1. menghasilkan ligninase dengan aktivitas tertinggi 1140 U/mL dan selulase 140 U/mL, sehingga dapat mendegradasi lignin sebanyak 55,2% dan selulosa 27,6%, sedangkan aktivitas tertinggi dari ligninase dan selulase dari Penicillium sp2., masing-masing adalah 882 U/mL dan 102 U/mL dengan kadar lignin yang terdegradasi adalah 49,4% dan selulosa 15,9%.Kata kunci: biopulping, biodegradasi, jerami padi, Penicillium spp.

scholarly journals Produksi Crude Selulase dari Bahan Baku Ampas Tebu Menggunakan Kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sri Rulianah ◽  
Zakijah Irfin ◽  
Mufid Mufid ◽  
Prayitno Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulase Enzymes ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Acid Reagent ◽  
High Cellulose

Bagasse mengandung selulosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi sebagai bahan baku produksi crude selulase menggunakan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Kapang ini memiliki kemampuan untuk memproduksi enzim selulase dari substrat yang mengandung selulosa dan juga menghasilkan enzim yang dapat memecah lignin sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan proses delignifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan limbah ampas tebu sebagai bahan baku pembuatan crude selulase menggunakan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi substrat dan waktu fermentasi terhadap aktivitas crude selulase yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengeringkan dan memperkecil ukuran ampas tebu, meremajakan kapang Phanerocheate chrysoporium, membuat inokulum dalam media cair, memfermentasi ampas tebu sesuai dengan variabel, dengan media Nitrogen Limited Media (NLM) menggunakan kapang Phanerocheate chrysoporium. Hasil fermentasi disaring, dan filtratnya dianalisa aktivitasnya sebagai crude selulase. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah waktu fermentasi 9, 11, 13, 15 dan 17 hari dan konsentrasi ampas tebu sebagai media: 5, 6, dan 7 % b/v. Ekstrak kasar selulase (crude) yang dihasilkan disaring menggunakan filter vakum, dan aktivitas filtrat (crude cellulase) diuji dengan pereaksi DNS (dinitro salicylic acid) dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas selulase tertinggi diperoleh pada variabel konsentrasi ampas tebu sebesar 7% b/v dan waktu inkubasi selama 17 hari yaitu sebesar 91.304 U/mL.Bagasse contain high cellulose which potentially to be used to raw material for producing cellulase enzyme using fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium. This fungus has ability to produce cellulase enzymes from substrates which contain cellulose and also produce enzymes that can degrade lignin content so it didn’t need the delignification process. The objective of this study was to convert cellulose in bagasse to be crude cellulase enzymes by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and determine the effect of substrate concentration and fermentation time to the enzyme activity. This research was conducted by drying and reducing the bagasse particle size, rejuvenating mold Phanerocheate chrysoporium, making inoculum in liquid medium, fermenting bagasse in accordance with the variable, with media NLM (nitrogen limited media) using Phanerocheate chrysoporium. Fermentation results were filtered, and it was analyzed the activity of crude cellulase. The variable in this study was the time of fermentation 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 days and substrate concentration: 5, 6, and 7 % b/v. Crude cellulose was filtered and was analyzed the enzyme activity by DNS (dinitro salicylic acid) reagent, using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The best result of this study was the crude cellulase with highest activity 91,304 U/mL for 7 % substrate concentration with fermentation time 17 days.

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