scholarly journals Scripting methods in topographic data processing on the example of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Polina Lemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Afar Depression ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Great Rift Valley ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Geomorphometric Parameters ◽  
Modelling Data

This study evaluates the geomorphometric parameters of the topography in Ethiopia using scripting cartographic methods by applying R languages (packages 'tmap' and 'raster') and Generic Mapping Tools (gmt) for 2D and 3D topographic modelling. Data were collected from the open source repositories on geospatial data with high resolution: gebco with 15 arc-second and etopo1 with 1 arc-minute resolution and embedded dataset of srtm 90 m in 'raster' library of R. The study demonstrated application of the programming approaches in cartographic data visualization and mapping for geomorphometric analysis. This included modelling of slope steepness, aspect and hillshade visualized using dem srtm90 to derive geomorphometric parameters of slope, aspect and hillshade of Ethiopia and demonstrate contrasting topography and variability climate setting of Ethiopia. The topography of the country is mapped, including Great Rift Valley, Afar Depression, Ogaden Desert and the most distinctive features of the Ethiopian Highlands. A variety of topographical zones is demonstrated on the presented maps. The results include 6 new maps made using programming console-based approach which is a novel method of cartographic visualization compared to traditional gis software. The most important fragments of the codes are presented and technical explanations are provided. The presented series of 6 new maps contributes to the cartographic data on Ethiopia and presents the methodology of scripting mapping techniques.

scholarly journals Homogeneous 2D and 3D alignment of cardiomyocyte in dilated cardiomyopathy revealed by intravital heart imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Masuyama ◽  
Tomoaki Higo ◽  
Jong-Kook Lee ◽  
Ryohei Matsuura ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Heart Imaging ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractIn contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there has been reported no specific pattern of cardiomyocyte array in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), partially because lack of alignment assessment in a three-dimensional (3D) manner. Here we have established a novel method to evaluate cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D using intravital heart imaging and demonstrated homogeneous alignment in DCM mice. Whilst cardiomyocytes of control mice changed their alignment by every layer in 3D and position twistedly even in a single layer, termed myocyte twist, cardiomyocytes of DCM mice aligned homogeneously both in two-dimensional (2D) and in 3D and lost myocyte twist. Manipulation of cultured cardiomyocyte toward homogeneously aligned increased their contractility, suggesting that homogeneous alignment in DCM mice is due to a sort of alignment remodelling as a way to compensate cardiac dysfunction. Our findings provide the first intravital evidence of cardiomyocyte alignment and will bring new insights into understanding the mechanism of heart failure.

Geoprocessing Techniques for the Visualization of Subsurface Geologic Data in Geographic Information Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
3D Gis ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Geologic Data ◽  
Geologic Information

ABSTRACT The ability to visualize subsurface geologic information is critical to sound decision making in many disciplines of geology. While there are numerous commercial off-the-shelf software solutions available to model geologic data in both 2D and 3D, these can be costly and have a steep learning curve. Some of the same functionality of these software packages can be accomplished by workflows that incorporate built-in geoprocessing tools of Geographic Information System (GIS) software. These workflows allow the geologist to plot vertical or inclined borehole data in 2D or 3D, create section views of raster data along section lines, and provide a means to convert contact elevations from existing geologic cross sections into plan-view or 3D space. These workflows have been successfully used to visualize construction data and subsurface geologic information for several embankment dams. Grouting and exploratory borehole data from databases with tens of thousands of records have been transformed into 2D and 3D GIS features. The workflows were instrumental in developing a 3D GIS model of site geology from which a series of geologic cross sections were drawn. These sections were critical in informing risk decisions related to the foundation conditions for a recent risk assessment of an earthen embankment dam.

scholarly journals Bedding control on landslides: a methodological approach for computer-aided mapping analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grelle ◽  
P. Revellino ◽  
A. Donnarumma ◽  
F. M. Guadagno
Keyword(s):  
Structural Control ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
Complex Sequences ◽  
Landslide Mapping ◽  
Control Patterns ◽  
Complex Formations ◽  
Gis Software

Abstract. Litho-structural control on the spatial and temporal evolution of landslides is one of the major typical aspects on slopes constituted of structurally complex sequences. Mainly focused on instabilities of the earth flow type, a semi-quantitative analysis has been developed with the purpose of identifying and characterizing litho-structural control exerted by bedding on slopes and its effects on landsliding. In quantitative terms, a technique for azimuth data interpolation, Non-continuous Azimuth Distribution Methodological Approach (NADIA), is presented by means of a GIS software application. In addition, processed by NADIA, two indexes have been determined: (i) Δ, aimed at defining the relationship between the orientation of geological bedding planes and slope aspect, and (ii) C, which recognizes localized slope sectors in which the stony component of structurally complex formations is abundant and therefore operates an evolutive control of landslide masses. Furthermore, some Litho-Structural Models (LSMs) of slopes are proposed aiming at characterizing recurrent forms of structural control in the source, channel and deposition areas of gravitational movements. In order to elaborate evolutive models controlling landslide scenarios, LSMs were qualitatively related and compared with Δ and C quantitative indexes. The methodological procedure has been applied to a lithostructurally complex area of Southern Italy where data about azimuth measurements and landslide mapping were known. It was found that the proposed methodology enables the recognition of typical control conditions on landslides in relation to the LSMs. Different control patterns on landslide shape and on style and distribution of the activity resulted for each LSM. This provides the possibility for first-order identification to be made of the spatial evolution of landslide bodies.

scholarly journals One-Shot Multi-Path Planning Using Fully Convolutional Networks in a Comparison to Other Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Kulvicius ◽  
Sebastian Herzog ◽  
Timo Lüddecke ◽  
Minija Tamosiunaite ◽  
Florentin Wörgötter
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Fully Convolutional Networks ◽  
Current State ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
2D And 3D

Path planning plays a crucial role in many applications in robotics for example for planning an arm movement or for navigation. Most of the existing approaches to solve this problem are iterative, where a path is generated by prediction of the next state from the current state. Moreover, in case of multi-agent systems, paths are usually planned for each agent separately (decentralized approach). In case of centralized approaches, paths are computed for each agent simultaneously by solving a complex optimization problem, which does not scale well when the number of agents increases. In contrast to this, we propose a novel method, using a homogeneous, convolutional neural network, which allows generation of complete paths, even for more than one agent, in one-shot, i.e., with a single prediction step. First we consider single path planning in 2D and 3D mazes. Here, we show that our method is able to successfully generate optimal or close to optimal (in most of the cases <10% longer) paths in more than 99.5% of the cases. Next we analyze multi-paths either from a single source to multiple end-points or vice versa. Although the model has never been trained on multiple paths, it is also able to generate optimal or near-optimal (<22% longer) paths in 96.4 and 83.9% of the cases when generating two and three paths, respectively. Performance is then also compared to several state of the art algorithms.

scholarly journals Robust Catheter Tracking by Fusing Electromagnetic Tracking, Fiber Bragg Grating and Sparse Fluoroscopic Images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Thao Ha ◽  
Mouloud Ourak ◽  
Omar Al-Ahmad ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Gianni Borghesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Electromagnetic Tracking ◽  
Fluoroscopic Image ◽  
Dynamic Experiments ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Shape Sensing ◽  
2D And 3D

<p>In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve the shape sensing accuracy of FBG for catheter by fusing FBG-based sensed shape with sparse fluoroscopic images. The main advantage of the new proposed method compared to other methods are the limited number in fluoroscopic image used during procedure while it still maintains high precision real-time 3D visualization of the catheter. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method 2D and 3D dynamic experiments were carried out and they shows promising results. For a catheter with an embedded fiber length of 170 mm, the proposed approach can reconstruct the 3D shape with a median root mean square error of 0.54 mm were seen in the 3D experiments compared to the traditional approach of using FBG alone of 0.86 mm.</p>

scholarly journals Cell segmentation-free inference of cell types from in situ transcriptomics data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongbin Park ◽  
Wonyl Choi ◽  
Sebastian Tiesmeyer ◽  
Brian Long ◽  
Lars E. Borm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Spatial Cell

AbstractMultiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques have enabled cell-type identification, linking transcriptional heterogeneity with spatial heterogeneity of cells. However, inaccurate cell segmentation reduces the efficacy of cell-type identification and tissue characterization. Here, we present a novel method called Spot-based Spatial cell-type Analysis by Multidimensional mRNA density estimation (SSAM), a robust cell segmentation-free computational framework for identifying cell-types and tissue domains in 2D and 3D. SSAM is applicable to a variety of in situ transcriptomics techniques and capable of integrating prior knowledge of cell types. We apply SSAM to three mouse brain tissue images: the somatosensory cortex imaged by osmFISH, the hypothalamic preoptic region by MERFISH, and the visual cortex by multiplexed smFISH. We found that SSAM detects regions occupied by known cell types that were previously missed and discovers new cell types.

scholarly journals Arrhythmia Mechanisms Revealed by Ripple Mapping

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Katritsis ◽  
Vishal Luther ◽  
Prapa Kanagaratnam ◽  
Nick WF Linton ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias ◽  
Local Activation ◽  
Intracardiac Electrogram ◽  
Arrhythmia Mechanisms ◽  
Electrophysiological Procedures ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Activation Times ◽  
Prior Assignment

Ripple mapping is a novel method of 3D intracardiac electrogram visualisation that allows activation of the myocardium to be tracked visually without prior assignment of local activation times and without interpolation into unmapped regions. It assists in the identification of tachycardia mechanism and optimal ablation site, without the need for an experienced computer-operating assistant. This expert opinion presents evidence demonstrating the benefit of Ripple Mapping, compared with traditional electroanatomic mapping techniques, for the diagnosis and management of atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias during electrophysiological procedures.

Building Digital Twins to Simulate Manufacturing Variation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Shahpar
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Inverse Mapping ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Physics Based Simulation ◽  
Manufacturing Variation

Abstract To improve the quality of a manufactured part in industry, a variety of techniques are used to scan a built geometry to bring it back to the physics based simulation world to assess its true performance. There are various laser and structured light measurement techniques (GOM), Computed Tomography (CT) scan as well as touch-point probes in the form of CMM cloud of data that can provide an estimate for the shape of an object. However, there are many challenges on how to construct the digital geometry from the scan in order not to lose any deviations and defects and yet being able to mesh a solid manifold for simulation purposes. In this paper, a novel method based on multi-layered Artificial Intelligence (AI) is presented to produce a meaningful engineering design space to perturb the design-intent geometry to match the manufactured data cloud. The inverse mapping techniques has been applied to a range of real turbomachinery components to demonstrate its flexibility and robustness, even when the original GOM is not perfect. A case study is presented based on a real modern jet engine bypass outlet guide vane (BOGV) to show how constructing and using its digital twin and high-fidelity simulation can save a significant cost for a fleet of engines/aircraft.

scholarly journals Novel Method Based on Spin-Coating for the Preparation of 2D and 3D Si-Based Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Gabard ◽  
Mustapha Zaghrioui ◽  
David Chouteau ◽  
Virginie Grimal ◽  
Thomas Tillocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
2D And 3D

scholarly journals LCD: Learned Cross-Domain Descriptors for 2D-3D Matching

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 11856-11864
Author(s):  
Quang-Hieu Pham ◽  
Mikaela Angelina Uy ◽  
Binh-Son Hua ◽  
Duc Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Gemma Roig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Depth Estimation ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Individual Training

In this work, we present a novel method to learn a local cross-domain descriptor for 2D image and 3D point cloud matching. Our proposed method is a dual auto-encoder neural network that maps 2D and 3D input into a shared latent space representation. We show that such local cross-domain descriptors in the shared embedding are more discriminative than those obtained from individual training in 2D and 3D domains. To facilitate the training process, we built a new dataset by collecting ≈ 1.4 millions of 2D-3D correspondences with various lighting conditions and settings from publicly available RGB-D scenes. Our descriptor is evaluated in three main experiments: 2D-3D matching, cross-domain retrieval, and sparse-to-dense depth estimation. Experimental results confirm the robustness of our approach as well as its competitive performance not only in solving cross-domain tasks but also in being able to generalize to solve sole 2D and 3D tasks. Our dataset and code are released publicly at https://hkust-vgd.github.io/lcd.

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