scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and perception of related toxicity of pesticide exposure in humans and animals in Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
O.A. Oridupa
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Exposed Animal

This study reported knowledge, attitude and perception of pesticide use among farmers to determine the level of farmers’ education on use and handling of pesticides. Data on pesticide types purchased were collected from pet-shops and agro-allied stores in three states in Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to 100 farmers within Ibadan (Oyo State) to determine specific pesticides used, handling procedures adopted by farmers, protective measures employed and perception of toxic potentials of pesticides to human handlers and exposed animal. Survey reports showed majority used DDVP, 34% of farmers were uneducated, while 42%, 18% and 6% had primary, secondary and tertiary education, respectively. About 63.5% had been farming for 11-20years, 75% kept poultry while others kept sheep/goat and cattle. About 75% sought information from extension agents on pesticide use. The farmers were aware pesticides pose health hazards to animals but only 75% knew it could affect humans, 40% knew of pesticide withdrawal period with diverse opinions on route of pesticide poisoning. The study concluded that farmers and pet-owners in Southwest Nigeria use pesticides unethically and majority are unaware of toxicity and hazards of misuse and handling of pesticides, consequently exposing themselves and animals to hazardous and toxic pesticide levels. Legislations on pesticides enacted to prevent pesticide abuse should be enforced and awareness campaigns intensified to enlighten farmers and pet-owners on potential hazard pesticides pose to themselves, animals and environment. This would eventually prevent unnecessary exposure through misuse/mishandling of pesticides and create a safer ecosystem at large. Keywords: Attitude, Knowledge, Perception, Pesticide, Toxicity

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Prevention Practice of COVID-19 in South-West Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju D. Eniade ◽  
Dolapo E. Agbana ◽  
Bridget O. Afam
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Introduction: To assess knowledge, attitude and prevention practice of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Southwest, Nigeria. This was an online cross-sectional study among dwellers of southwest Nigeria. Methods: Data were collected online with kobo toolbox and analyzed using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, 2018) and the descriptive statistics, test of independence and binary logistic regression were presented. Results: Of the 286 study participants, 96.1% had good knowledge, 99.3% had positive attitude towards control of COVID-19, while 77.3% had good practices for prevention of the virus. Majority of the participants (86.9%) had tertiary education, 11.3% were 40 years or older. Age and education were independently associated with COVID-19 prevention practice. After adjustment for some selected socio-demographic factors, only age of 10 – 19 years (OR: 3.83, CI: 1.05, 14), age 20-29 years (OR: 2.99, CI: 1.18 -7.55), and 30 -39 years (OR: 4.35, CI: 1.49-12.67) were more likely to have good practice of COVID-19 prevention compared to age >=40 years. Conclusion: The result revealed a high prevalence of good practices, and the majority had good knowledge of COVID-19 and positive attitude towards control of COVID-19. Age and education were identified to be associated with practice of COVID-19 prevention. Further exploration revealed that elders (>=40years) were not likely to have good practice of COVID-19 prevention. We deduced that good practice of COVID-19 prevention was high in southwest Nigeria but notably low among elders and those who attained below tertiary education in southwest Nigeria. However, people of older age and poor education should be given much attention for proper enlightening and prevention strategies in this pandemic.

scholarly journals Variability and predictors of weekly pesticide exposure in applicators from organic, sustainable and conventional smallholder farms in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Fuhrimann ◽  
Philipp Staudacher ◽  
Christian Lindh ◽  
Berna van Wendel de Joode ◽  
Ana M Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pesticide Exposures

ObjectiveEstimates of pesticide exposure among applicators from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce, and exposure assessment methods are sometimes costly or logistically unfeasible. We examined the variability in weeklong pesticide exposure among applicators in Costa Rica and its predictors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 221 pesticide applicators from organic, sustainable and conventional farms in 2016. We administered structured questionnaires to assess pesticide application practices at two time points (4–6 weeks apart). We adapted an existing algorithm to fit the context of smallholders and derive weekly pesticide exposure scores. We used linear mixed-effect models to examine within-worker and between-worker score variability. We then identified sociodemographic and occupational predictors of weekly pesticide exposure scores.ResultsWe observed high within-worker and between-worker variability in weekly pesticide exposures (eg, up to 180-fold and 70-fold differences in average weekly exposures within and between workers, respectively; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.4). Applicators working on conventional and sustainable farms had exposure scores twofold and 1.5-fold higher than those working in organic farms, respectively. Farm workers who received training on pesticide use had weekly pesticide exposure scores of 33% (95% CI 1% to 55%) lower than those who did not receive any training.ConclusionsIn this study of applicators from smallholder farms in Costa Rica, we determined the importance of collecting questionnaire data on self-reported pesticide use repeatedly due to its high variability within workers and absence of application records. Our questionnaire-based exposure algorithm could allow the calculation of semiquantitative estimates of average pesticide exposure for applicators from other LMICs.

Occupational pesticide use and self-reported olfactory impairment in US farmers

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106818
Author(s):  
Srishti Shrestha ◽  
David M Umbach ◽  
Laura E Beane Freeman ◽  
Stella Koutros ◽  
Michael C R Alavanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Petroleum Distillates ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ObjectivesPesticide exposure may impair human olfaction, but empirical evidence is limited. We examined associations between occupational use of 50 specific pesticides and olfactory impairment, both self-reported, among 20 409 participants in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of pesticide applicators (mostly farmers, 97% male).MethodsWe used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between pesticide use at enrolment (1993–1997) and olfactory impairment reported two decades later (2013–2016), adjusting for baseline covariates.ResultsAbout 10% of participants reported olfactory impairment. The overall cumulative days of any pesticide use at enrolment were associated with a higher odds of reporting olfactory impairment (OR (highest vs lowest quartile): 1.17 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.34), p-trend = 0.003). In the analyses of 50 specific pesticides, ever-use of 20 pesticides showed modest associations with olfactory impairment, with ORs ranging from 1.11 to 1.33. Of these, higher lifetime days of use of 12 pesticides were associated with higher odds of olfactory impairment compared with never use (p-trend ≤ 0.05), including two organochlorine insecticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and lindane), two organophosphate insecticides (diazinon and malathion), permethrin, the fungicide captan and six herbicides (glyphosate, petroleum distillates, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and metribuzin), although many of these did not exhibit clear, monotonic exposure-response patterns.ConclusionOverall, we found relatively broad associations between pesticides and olfactory impairment, involving many individual pesticides and covering several chemical classes, suggesting that pesticides could affect olfaction through multiple pathways. Future epidemiological studies with objective measurement of olfaction are required to confirm these findings.

Pesticide Use and Practices in an Iowa Farm Family Pesticide Exposure Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Curwin ◽  
W. Sanderson ◽  
S. Reynolds ◽  
M. Hein ◽  
M. Alavanja
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Exposure Study ◽  
Farm Family

scholarly journals Environmental exposures contribute to respiratory and allergic symptoms among women living in the banana growing regions of Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107611
Author(s):  
Brooke Alhanti ◽  
Berna van Wendel de Joode ◽  
Manuel Soto Martinez ◽  
Ana M Mora ◽  
Leonel Córdoba Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Health Cohort Study

ObjectivesThis research evaluates whether environmental exposures (pesticides and smoke) influence respiratory and allergic outcomes in women living in a tropical, agricultural environment.MethodsWe used data from 266 mothers from the Infants’ Environmental Health cohort study in Costa Rica. We evaluated environmental exposures in women by measuring seven pesticide and two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites in urine samples. We defined ‘high exposure’ as having a metabolite value in the top 75th percentile. We collected survey data on respiratory and allergic outcomes in mothers as well as on pesticides and other environmental exposures. Using logistic regression models adjusted for obesity, we assessed the associations of pesticide exposure with multiple outcomes (wheeze, doctor-diagnosed asthma, high (≥2) asthma score based on symptoms, rhinitis, eczema and itchy rash).ResultsCurrent pesticide use in the home was positively associated with diagnosed asthma (OR=1.99 (95% CI=1.05 to 3.87)). High urinary levels of 5-hydroxythiabendazole (thiabendazole metabolite) and living in a neighbourhood with frequent smoke from waste burning were associated with a high asthma score (OR=1.84 (95%CI=1.05 to 3.25) and OR=2.31 (95%CI=1.11 to 5.16), respectively). Women who worked in agriculture had a significantly lower prevalence of rhinitis (0.19 (0.01 to 0.93)), but were more likely to report eczema (OR=2.54 (95%CI=1.33 to 4.89)) and an itchy rash (OR=3.17 (95%CI=1.24 to 7.73)).ConclusionsWhile limited by sample size, these findings suggest that environmental exposure to both pesticides and smoke may impact respiratory and skin-related allergic outcomes in women.

scholarly journals Pesticide Use Related to Pesticide Poisoning Factors and the Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Angie Adel ◽  
Barlenti Akefiwad
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Pesticides are chemicals used to kill pests, both insects, fungi and weeds. Pesticides have been widely used for the purpose of eradicating pests and plant diseases in agriculture. The classification of the severity of pesticide exposure seen from the activities carried out is divided into four categories ranging from the lowest to the highest. A person with increasing age causes the metabolism function to decrease, so the average level of cholinestrase in the blood will be lower, making it easier for pesticide poisoning. Many studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the lengths of pesticide exposure

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practices about Ebola Viral Disease among Journalists in Osogbo, Southwest Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Callistus A Akinleye ◽  
Samuel A. Olowookere ◽  
Olatunji A Olagunoye ◽  
Monisola Omoyeni Oginni ◽  
Ayoyinka Olufunmilayo Bolorunduro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

<p><span>The West African subregion presently faces the Ebola viral disease (EVD) epidemic. In order to control this epidemic, journalists need to inform the public. This study assessed their knowledge, attitude and preventive practices. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 93 journalists working in Osun State who completed a self administered questionnaire. Data collected was analysed. Mean (SD) age was 26.4±8.2 years ranging 18 to 49 years. Mean (SD) duration in practising journalism was 7.6±6.7 years (range, 1-20 years). Most had tertiary education (87.1%), were singles (74.2%), Christians (51%) and Yoruba (92.5%).  Despite good knowledge (58.1%) of EVD, most had low risk perception (46.2%). The only statistical significant predictor of good knowledge was religion. In conclusion, most journalists have good knowledge but low risk perception. Efforts to improve the risk.</span></p>

scholarly journals Parkinson’s disease hospitalization rates and pesticide use in urban and non-urban regions of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline de Souza Espindola Santos ◽  
Noa Krawczyk ◽  
Christine Gibson Parks ◽  
Carmen Froes Ildes Asmus ◽  
Volney de Magalhães Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract Background Few studies have evaluated the role played by pesticide exposure in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Brazil. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide use and PD hospitalization in Brazilian micro-regions. Method Pesticide expenditure per capita in 1985 and PD hospitalization rates (HR) from 1997 to 2007 were calculated for all 552 Brazilian micro-regions. The Spearman's correlation test was used to compare pesticide expenditure and PD HR by sex, age, and urban and non-urban micro-regions. Micro-regions were grouped according to the quintiles of pesticide expenditure. PD HR ratios (HRR) were calculated to compare PD HR across the quintiles of pesticide expenditure. Results Moderate correlation (r=0.518; p<0.001) between PD HR in non-urban micro-regions and pesticide expenditure was observed. In non-urban areas, compared with micro-regions of the first quintile of pesticide use, PD HRR ranged from 1.70 to 5.90 in micro-regions of higher pesticide use. In general, regardless of sex and age, the higher the use of pesticides, the greater the magnitude of PD HRR. Conclusion Our results suggest that pesticide use is associated with PD in Brazil, especially in non-urban areas where pesticides are used more intensively.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Intentions toward COVID-19 Vaccination among Spanish Adults: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Diego Gabriel Mosteiro-Miguéns ◽  
Daniel De Bernardo Roca ◽  
Eva María Domínguez-Martís ◽  
Natalia Vieito-Pérez ◽  
Pilar Álvarez-Padín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is postulated as the most effective measure to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the use of other protection measures is necessary to efficiently combat the spread of the virus. The aim of the present study was to determine the attitudes and intentions toward COVID-19 vaccination among non-regular social media users in Spain and to analyze how these factors could condition the acceptance of other personal protective measures once an individual has received the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional design was used in this work. In total, 719 subjects, ≥18 years old and of both sexes, were recruited from primary public healthcare centers to self-complete a questionnaire between March and April 2021. The majority of participants had a positive attitude toward vaccination and showed high levels of intention to be vaccinated. Likewise, except those participants who considered the vaccine to be the most effective measure to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, the rest of the participants highlighted the importance of continuing to limit social interactions and/or wearing masks even after being vaccinated. Since vaccination can create a perception of total immunity against SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary that healthcare staff organize effective awareness campaigns on the importance of maintaining personal protective measures until vaccination coverage is greater.

scholarly journals Forecastins the risk of bifenthrin-based insecticides for human health when consuming agricultural products grown after their application

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S.Т. Omelchuk ◽  
О.P. Vavrinevych ◽  
А.М. Antonenko ◽  
V.G. Bardov
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Integral Assessment

The assessment of the health risks of pesticides is an integral part of their monitoring. The Purpose of the Work was to predict the risk of bifenthrin-based insecticides for human health when consuming agricultural products grown in their application for the public health preservation. Materials and Methods of Research. The bifenthine stability parameters in agricultural crops were studied in the field experiments in soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine. For the integrated assessment of the potential hazard of pesticide exposure to the human body when contaminated agricultural products were used, a methodology developed by specialist of Hygiene and Ecology Institute was used. Allowable daily dose (ADD), half-life period (DT50) and average daily consumption of the product were estimated on a four-graded scale. Results and Discussion. By degree of hazard according to State Standards 8.8.1.002-98 bifenthrin pertains to the 2nd class of hazard (moderately stable) by resistance in vegetative agricultural crops. The active ingredient pertains to the 2nd class of hazard by the value of the integral index of hazard when consuming products — dangerous compound. Conclusion. Integral assessment of the potential risk of bifenthrin exposure to humans using contaminated agricultural products showed that the substance pertains to the 2nd class of hazard (dangerous compounds). The obtained parameter should be taken into account when deciding on bifenthrin-based formulations expansion of the scope.

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