scholarly journals Biodiesel production by esterification of ricinoleic acid over a series of synthesized sulfated zirconia catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 812-825
Author(s):  
Elianaso Elimbinzi ◽  
Stephen Nyandoro
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Sulfated Zirconia ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽  
Acid Loading ◽  
Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts

A series of sulfated zirconia (SZ) were synthesized and evaluated for catalytic esterification of ricinoleic acid obtained from the castor oil with butanol at 110 °C. The effect of alcohols’ chain length was studied using butanol (C4), propanol (C3), ethanol (C2) and methanol (C1) at 65 °C, and reflux of corresponding alcohol boiling points. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using nitrogen porosimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Analysis of ricinoleic conversion was performed using gas chromatography. Sulfuric acid loading improved the surface area of zirconia at a lower dose. The surface areas of the catalysts increased as the concentrations of sulfuric acid solution were increased from 0.025 to 0.10 M, after which the decline was observed. SZ obtained at 0.05 M H2SO4 (0.05SZ) gave the optimal catalytic activity compared to the other series of SZ used. The ricinoleic acid conversion decreased with increase of alcohol alkyl chain from C1-C4 at 65 °C, but increased under the reflux temperature of the corresponding alcohols, with the maximum conversion being 47% at 118 °C for the reaction involving butanol. Overall, the synthesized SZ catalysts are deployable in biodiesel production from castor oil upon optimizing other conditions. Keywords: Ricinoleic acid; Sulfated zirconia; Biodiesel production

Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

scholarly journals Optimization of biodiesel production from castor oil by response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
A. Garba ◽  
M. M. Abarshi ◽  
M. B. Shuaib ◽  
R. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production

CdSe quantum dots capped with naturally occurring biobased oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 7251-7259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Kyobe ◽  
Egid B. Mubofu ◽  
Yahya M. M. Makame ◽  
Sixberth Mlowe ◽  
Neerish Revaprasadu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Cdse Quantum Dots ◽  
Capping Agents ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Ultra-small CdSe quantum dots were thermally synthesized using castor oil and ricinoleic acid both as capping agents and dispersing solvents.

The use of fluorinated alumina as a support of the sulfated zirconia catalyst for isomerization of hexane

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
M. D. Smolikov ◽  
O. V. Dzhikiya ◽  
L. I. Bikmetova ◽  
K. V. Kazantsev ◽  
I. V. Muromtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfated Zirconia ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Fluorine Doping ◽  
Alumina Matrix ◽  
Zirconia Catalyst ◽  
Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst ◽  
Fluorinated Alumina ◽  
Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts ◽  
Al2o3 Matrix ◽  
High Octane

The study considers the effect of fluorine doping of the alumina matrix used for the synthesis of supported sulfated zirconia catalysts. Hydrofluoric acid served as a fluorinating agent. The addition of fluorine was shown to affect the textural characteristics of the Al2O3 matrix and hence the surface area of sulfated zirconia catalysts based on the doped systems. It was found that the introduction of fluorine into the catalysts increases their activity (the conversion of hexane) and the yield of high-octane isomer 2,2-dimethylbutane.

scholarly journals 2: Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Ricinoleate

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-739 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Patch Tests

Glyceryl Ricinoleate is the monoester of glycerol and ricinoleic acid. Castor oil contains 87–90% Glycerol Ricinoleate. Ricinoleic acid is metabolized by both β-oxidation and α-oxidation. Acute oral toxicity tests in mice indicated that Glyceryl Ricinoleate has an LD50 greater than 25.0 ml/kg and is, at most, mildly irritating to unrinsed rabbit eyes. This ingredient was not a primary skin irritant. Castor oil was nonmutagenic by the Ames test. Ricinoleic acid was not a carcinogen when tested in mice. In human single-insult occlusive patch tests, no indication of skin irritation potential was observed in the two products containing 5.6% Glyceryl Ricinoleate. The available data on Glyceryl Ricinoleate were insufficient to determine whether this ingredient, under each relevant condition of use, was either safe or not safe. The types of data required before a decision can be made include: (1) 28 day chronic dermal toxicity in guinea pigs, and (2) clinical sensitization and photosensitization studies (or an appropriate ultraviolet spectrum instead of the photosensitization data).

scholarly journals Production of biodiesel from babassu oil using methanol-ethanol blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Fernando Carvalho Silva ◽  
Kiany Sirley Brandão Cavalcante ◽  
Hilton Costa Louzeiro ◽  
Katia Regina Marques Moura ◽  
Adeilton Pereira Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
A Value ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Maranhão state in Brazil presents a big potential for the cultivation of several oleaginous species, such as babassu, soybean, castor oil plant, etc... These vegetable oils can be transformed into biodiesel by the transesterification reaction in an alkaline medium, using methanol or ethanol. The biodiesel production from a blend of these alcohols is a way of adding the technical and economical advantages of methanol to the environmental advantages of ethanol. The optimized alcohol blend was observed to be a methanol/ethanol volume ratio of 80 % MeOH: 20 % EtOH. The ester content was of 98.70 %, a value higher than the target of the ANP, 96.5 % (m/m), and the biodiesel mass yield was of 95.32 %. This biodiesel fulfills the specifications of moisture, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and percentages of free alcohols (methanol plus ethanol) and free glycerin.

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