Use of oil in the polymerization of aniline to polyaniline salt containing dual dopants, sulfuric acid, and castor oil: material for high-performance supercapacitor

Ionics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Bolagam ◽  
Palaniappan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
High Performance

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Wheat Straw: Effects of Temperature and Acidity on Byproduct Formation and Inhibition of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Ethanolic Fermentation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Ilanidis ◽  
Stefan Stagge ◽  
Leif J. Jönsson ◽  
Carlos Martín
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enzymatic Digestibility ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions

Biochemical conversion of wheat straw was investigated using hydrothermal pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and microbial fermentation. Pretreatment conditions that were compared included autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 160, 175, 190, and 205 °C and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 160 and 190 °C. The effects of using different pretreatment conditions were investigated with regard to (i) chemical composition and enzymatic digestibility of pretreated solids, (ii) carbohydrate composition of pretreatment liquids, (iii) inhibitory byproducts in pretreatment liquids, (iv) furfural in condensates, and (v) fermentability using yeast. The methods used included two-step analytical acid hydrolysis combined with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), HPLC, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Lignin recoveries in the range of 108–119% for autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 205 °C and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment were attributed to pseudolignin formation. Xylose concentration in the pretreatment liquid increased with temperature up to 190 °C and then decreased. Enzymatic digestibility was correlated with the removal of hemicelluloses, which was almost quantitative for the autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 205 °C. Except for the pretreatment liquid from the autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 205 °C, the inhibitory effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were low. The highest combined yield of glucose and xylose was achieved for autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 190 °C and the subsequent enzymatic saccharification that resulted in approximately 480 kg/ton (dry weight) raw wheat straw.

Fabrication of high-performance pervaporation membrane for sulfuric acid recovery via interfacial polymerization

2021 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 119108
Author(s):  
Huaqing Liu ◽  
Jianzhong Xia ◽  
Kangjie Cui ◽  
Junquan Meng ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Pervaporation Membrane ◽  
Acid Recovery

A redox mediator doped gel polymer as an electrolyte and separator for a high performance solid state supercapacitor

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 4035-4041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofu Ma ◽  
Miaomiao Dong ◽  
Kanjun Sun ◽  
Enke Feng ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Redox Mediator ◽  
Gel Electrolyte

A stable and effective redox-mediator gel electrolyte has been prepared by doping indigo carmine (IC) into a polyvinyl alcohol sulfuric acid polymer system (PVA–H2SO4), and a high performance solid state supercapacitor is fabricated by utilizing activated carbon as electrodes and the prepared gel polymer (PVA–H2SO4–IC) as an electrolyte and separator.

Comparative Study of Physico-Chemical Properties of Pure Polyurethane and Polyurethane Based on Castor Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
M. A. Alaa ◽  
Kamal Yusoh ◽  
S.F. Hasany
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Poly Propylene

Petroleum based polyurethanes are contributing major portions in the world requirement. To overcome the environmental issues and price adaptability, there is always a massive demand of utilization of renewable resources for polyurethane synthesis with comparable physico-chemical properties. Castor oil is the only major natural vegetable oil that contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) and unsaturated double bonds (C=C) in its organic chain and therefore can be employed with or without modification due to the excellent properties derived from the hydrophobic nature of triglycerides. In this study, physico-chemical properties of high performance polyurethane synthesized from Poly propylene glycol (PPG) in comparison with a combination of PPG and Castor oil (a renewable source), by in situ polymerization technique has been studied. The variations in properties of both types of polyurethanes are evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis technique (TGA). Tensile strength properties were investigated by Film Tensile testing equipment. Results indicated the presence of large-CH stretching in castor oil mixed polyurethane with a larger oxidative thermal stability, over a pure PPG polyurethanes. Tensile properties were found almost comparable in pure and mixed polymers, which signify the usage of mixed polymer in coming future, to overcome the environmental and economical crisis in polyurethanes synthesis.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination and Quantification of Triterpene Saponins from Camellia sinensis Seeds Using UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejin Wu ◽  
Lingyan Jia ◽  
Jiafan Wu ◽  
Yawen Liu ◽  
Hyunuk Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Fragmentation Pattern ◽  
Triterpene Saponins ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Saponin Content

Saponins in the Camellia sinensis seeds have a broad spectrum of biological properties and application potentials. However, up to now, no chromatographic methods have been developed to provide full fingerprinting and quality assurance for these saponins. This research aimed to develop a novel method to tentatively identify and quantify saponins in C. sinensis seeds by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS), and compare it with the classic vanillin-sulfuric acid assay. Fifty-one triterpene saponins, including six potentially new compounds, were simultaneously detected by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, and their chemical structures were speculated according to the retention behavior and fragmentation pattern. The total saponin content in the crude extract and the purified saponin fraction of C. sinensis seeds were quantified to be 19.57 ± 0.05% (wt %) and 41.68 ± 0.09% (wt %) respectively by UPLC-PDA at 210 nm, while the corresponding values were determined to be 43.11 ± 3.17% (wt %) and 56.60 ± 5.79% (wt %) respectively by the vanillin-sulfuric acid assay. The developed UPLC-PDA -MS/MS method could determine specified saponins, and is more reliable for quantifying the C. sinensis seed saponins than the classic spectrophotometric method. It is of great significance for the future investigations and applications of these saponins.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Approach of Eucalyptus globulus Acid Sulfite Pretreatment for Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3764
Author(s):  
Vera D. Costa ◽  
Ana Costa ◽  
Maria Amaral ◽  
Rogério S. Simões
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Hemicellulose Removal ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Very High

The effect of different acid sulfite pretreatment conditions on released components in the hydrolysates and the pretreated solid residues’ response to enzymatic hydrolysis for Eucalyptus globulus chips was investigated. Sodium bisulfite (0–15%), and sulfuric acid (0–5%) were used to pretreat chips at 170 °C and 190 °C, for as long as 30 min. The hydrolysates were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry. Overall porosity and pores larger than 2.65 nm (size of a typical cellulase) on the solid residues were estimated using glucose and two dextrans with different hydrodynamic radii as probes. The external specific surface area was analyzed by dynamic light scattering. The solid residues underwent enzymatic hydrolysis with an enzymatic cocktail. Very high (84–95%) carbohydrate conversion was achieved for either an extensively delignified biomass or a biomass with very high content of sulfonated residual lignin (23.4%), since internal porosity enables enzymes accessibility. At least 5% sodium bisulfite and 1% sulfuric acid was required to attain a carbohydrate release above 90% in the enzymatic hydrolysis. Results suggest that the presence of sulfonated lignin does not impair the enzymatic hydrolysis rate and extent. The increase of pretreatment temperature had a positive effect mainly on the initial rate of carbohydrates release in the enzymatic hydrolysis. The increase of the wood material dimensions from pins to conventional chips significantly decreased the hemicellulose removal in acid sulfite pretreatment but had a small effect on the enzymatic yield.

PREPARATION OF CHAIN EXTENDED POLYURETHANE AND ITS COMPOSITES BASED ON CASTOR OIL AND COIR FIBER

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
A. Malar Retna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chain Extender ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Percentage Elongation ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Performance Character ◽  
Scanning Electron

The chain extended polyurethane was synthesized by reacting castor oil based polyol with 4,4’-methylenebis(cyclohexyl) isocyanate and chain extender such as malonic acid. The composites have been fabricated by incorporating the coir fiber into the neat polyurethane. The polyurethane and its composites were characterized with respect to their mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, percentage elongation and Young’s modulus. The morphology of neat polyurethane and its composites with coir fiber was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). These studies revealed the high performance character of the polyurethane composites with respect to the corresponding neat polyurethane.

scholarly journals Effects of Sulfate and Sulfuric Acid on Efficiency of Geopolymers as Concrete Repair Materials

Gels ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rayed Alyousef ◽  
Ahmed Abdel Khalek Ebid ◽  
Ghasan Fahim Huseien ◽  
Hossein Mohammadhosseini ◽  
Hisham Alabduljabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Durability Performance

Various geopolymer mortars (GPMs) as concrete repairing materials have become effective owing to their eco-friendly properties. Geopolymer binders designed from agricultural and industrial wastes display interesting and useful mechanical performance. Based on this fact, this research (experimental) focuses on the feasibility of achieving a new GPM with improved mechanical properties and enhanced durability performance against the aggressive sulfuric acid and sulfate attacks. This new ternary blend of GPMs can be achieved by combining waste ceramic tiles (WCT), fly ash (FA) and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) with appropriate proportions. These GPMs were designed from a high volume of WCT, FA, and GBFS to repair the damaged concretes existing in the construction sectors. Flexural strength, slant shear bond strength, and compatibility of the obtained GPMs were compared with the base or normal concrete (NC) before and after exposure to the aggressive environments. Tests including flexural four-point loading and thermal expansion coefficient were performed. These GPMs were prepared using a low concentration of alkaline activator solution with increasing levels of GBFS and FA replaced by WCT. The results showed that substitution of GBFS and FA by WCT in the GPMs could enhance their bond strength, mechanical characteristics, and durability performance when exposed to aggressive environments. In addition, with the increase in WCT contents from 50 to 70%, the bond strength performance of the GPMs was considerably enhanced under sulfuric acid and sulfate attack. The achieved GPMs were shown to be highly compatible with the concrete substrate and excellent binders for various civil engineering construction applications. It is affirmed that the proposed GPMs can efficiently be used as high-performance materials to repair damaged concrete surfaces.

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