scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasite Infection in Goats in Sironko District, Eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Winnie Namutosi ◽  
James Higenyi ◽  
Elizabeth Kizito ◽  
Micheal Omodo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Agricultural Adaptation ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
System P ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Eastern Uganda

This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) infections in goats in Sironko District. Randomly selected livestock farmers (28) were interviewed. Two hundred twenty (220) faecal and blood samples were analysed using laboratory techniques. The overall prevalence of GIP was 74.5 percent. Nematodes were the most prevalent (61.8%). The level of GIP infections were; Eimeria (37.7%), Haemonchus contortus (36.4%), Trichostrongylus (43.6%), Strongyloides (14.6%), Strongyle (12.7%), Nematodirus (0.9%), Moneizia (14.55%) and Fasciola (11.82%). Further analysis showed high (48.6%) anaemia in adult goats. The most significant risk factors were location of farm (p=0.001), production system (p=0.045) and frequency of deworming (p=0.023). It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of GIP linked with heavy infection in the area. Therefore, it is imperative to promote agricultural adaptation strategies that will strengthen thefarmers’ resilience.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth infection among farmers in Gelgel Village, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budiapsari Putu indah ◽  
ANAK AGUNG GEDE INDRANINGRAT ◽  
HENY ARWATI ◽  
YOES PRIJATNA DACHLAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Hygiene Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Regression Test

Abstract. Apsari PIB, Indraningrat AAG, Arwati H, Dachlan YP. 2020. Short Communication: Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth infection among farmers in Gelgel Village, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1535-1540. Soil-transmitted helminths infection remains a problem in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Indonesia is one of the tropical countries with a high prevalence of STH infection in children and high-risk population such as farmers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of STH infection from farmers. STH infection was diagnosed by Kato-Katz modified technique, while risk factors relevant to STH infection were assessed by a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and multiple regression test. A total of 162 fecal-samples and questionnaires were obtained from 250 participants. Twenty-two subjects (13.5%) were positive, and 140 subjects (86.5%) were negative for STH infection giving the prevalence rate of 13.5% among farmers. Several significant risk factors for STH infection were age, gender, level of study, income, eating fresh unwashed vegetable, hand washing without soap, defecation site, without wearing hand gloves and protective cloth, bare walking foot, and the use of synthetic fertilizer. So we can conclude that personal hygiene factors were the most contributed factors for STH infection.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Hypertension Risk Factors among Adults in Oshikoto Region in Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Emilia Shiwa Ashipala ◽  
Linda Ndeshipandula Lukolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Harmful Use

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension complications are responsible for 9.4 million deaths worldwide and among these deaths, 51 % are due to stroke and 45% are due to heart disease like heart failure. This study aims to investigate the hypertension risk factors among adult in Oshikoto region, Namibia. METHODS: A community population-based, cross- sectional survey was conducted using WHO STEPwise approach among 375 adults in Oshikoto region. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine the association between risk factors and Hypertension, based on p-value <0.05. RESULTS: Overall prevalence for risk factors was: physical inactivity (25.3%), unhealthy diet (75.7%), tobacco use (9.1%), harmful use of alcohol (40.8%). 20.5% overweight with majority (85.7%) of them were females. Obesity was 9.1% in which 91.2% were females. Hypertension prevalence was 24.3%. Four percent of individuals were having two multiple risk factors for hypertension, 2.4% with four risk factors and 1.1% with more than four risk factors. Age group (OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.44-4.26, P=0.001), Obesity (OR=3.48, 95%CI=1.55-7.79, P=0.003), and overweight (OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.31-4.19, P =0.004) were significant risk factors for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence and burden of hypertension risk factors such as obesity and overweight among adults in Oshikoto region, thus, these results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent those risk factors of hypertension in Oshikoto region, Namibia.

scholarly journals The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254091
Author(s):  
Gizat Almaw ◽  
Andrew J. K. Conlan ◽  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Alemseged Alemu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
High Prevalence

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale surveys, raising concerns about their representativeness. Here we carried out a cross sectional one-stage cluster sampling survey taking the dairy herd as a cluster to estimate the prevalence of bTB in dairy farms in six areas of central Ethiopia. The survey, which to date is by far the largest in the area in terms of the number of dairy farms, study areas and risk factors explored, took place from March 2016 to May 2017. This study combined tuberculin skin testing and the collection of additional herd and animal level data by questionnaire to identify potential risk factors contributing to bTB transmission. We applied the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test using >4mm cut-off for considering an individual animal as positive for bTB; at least one reactor animal was required for a herd to be considered bTB positive. Two hundred ninety-nine dairy herds in the six study areas were randomly selected, from which 5,675 cattle were tested. The overall prevalence of bTB after standardisation for herd-size in the population was 54.4% (95% CI 48.7–60%) at the herd level, and it was 24.5% (95% CI 23.3–25.8) at the individual animal level. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with herd and area as random effect was used to explore risk factors association with bTB status. We found that herd size, age, bTB history at farm, and breed were significant risk factors for animals to be SICCT positive. Animals from large herds had 8.3 times the odds of being tuberculin reactor (OR: 8.3, p-value:0.008) as compared to animals from small herds. The effect of age was strongest for animals 8–10 years of age (the oldest category) having 8.9 times the odds of being tuberculin reactors (OR: 8.9, p-value:<0.001) compared to the youngest category. The other identified significant risk factors were bTB history at farm (OR: 5.2, p-value:0.003) and cattle breed (OR: 2.5, p-value: 0.032). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of bTB in central Ethiopia but with a large variation in within-herd prevalence between herds, findings that lays an important foundation for the future development of control strategies.

scholarly journals Effect of thiazolidinediones on insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yu Demidova ◽  
E N Erokhina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Multivariate Control

The development of new, more effective ways of multivariate control of type 2 diabetes is currently the most important problem of endocrinology. This is caused by a high prevalence of this disease in the population, as well as a significant risk of complications leading to early morbidity and mortality of patients. Clinical management of patients with type 2 diabetes should be based on a thorough study of the mechanisms of this disease in order to correct the basic pathogenetic defects.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, risk factors and monitoring of acute otitis externa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6155
Author(s):  
Shada O. Baoum ◽  
Ali A. Bin Mousa ◽  
Moudhi Y. Alshammari ◽  
Zahraa S. Alzaher ◽  
Hasan M. Zahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
High Prevalence

Estimates show that otitis externa is a common presentation in different settings and can be acute, chronic, or necrotizing. Eczema of the ear canal is usually associated with the condition. It has also been demonstrated that humid environments, swimming, and mechanical trauma, using hearing aid supplements, and absence or reduce air wax are all significant risk factors that can increase the risk of having otitis externa. The pathology of otitis externa is simply an inflammation of the external auditory canal, which can either be attributed to an infection or other non-infectious etiologies. In the present literature review, we have discussed the epidemiology, risk factors, and monitoring of patients with acute otitis externa. Our findings indicate the high prevalence of the condition, especially among developing countries and areas with high temperature and humidity levels. Swimmers are more commonly affected together with adults. However, children might also be affected in some cases. Male individuals also have a higher risk. Nevertheless, data is limited and further studies are needed. The condition can be easily treated and symptoms usually resolve within 1 day from initiating the treatment. However, some cases might persist, and in these events, consultation with an otolaryngologist is required together with culture for adequate identification of the etiology and management of the case.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and microvascular complications

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Vladimirovna Maslova ◽  
Yury Ivanovich Suntsov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The present work is devoted studying of epidemiological situation of diabetes mellitus (DM). The data on prevalence and incidence of DM and itsmicrovascular complications among adult population in the different countries of the world is presented. The analysis of numerous researches allowsto speak about high prevalence of this disease all over the world and to allocate a number of the most significant risk factors of development andprogressing of diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Neonatal Jaundice Risk Factors at a District Hospital in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Claudine Murekatete ◽  
Claudine Muteteli ◽  
Richard Nsengiyumva ◽  
Geldine Chironda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common reasons for hospital admission in the neonatal unit, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice among newborns at a District Hospital in Rwanda.  Methods A quantitative approach has been used with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Two hundred and ten files were used as sample size. Stratified proportional sampling was used for the years 2016-2018 to select files. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis.   Results The study findings showed that nearly half (44.3%) of 210 newborns were diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. The majority (87.2%) was term, and male gender (60.5%). Nearly a third (29.5%) were Low Birth Weight. Significant risk factors for neonatal jaundice were birth weight (p=0.015), gestational age of the newborn (p=0.002), neonatal gender (p=0.004), method of delivery (p=.000), blood group incompatibility (p=0.001); infections (p =0.000), cesarean section (p= 0.000) and prematurity (p=0.017).  Conclusion There was a high prevalence of neonatal jaundice. Neonatal jaundice risk factors were predominantly demographic, maternal and neonatal. Hence there is need to formulate tailored interventions that mitigate neonatal jaundice. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):204-213.

scholarly journals Risk factors for urethral gonorrhoea infection among heterosexual males in Melbourne, Australia: 2007–17

Sexual Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany R. Phillips ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley ◽  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
Catriona S. Bradshaw ◽  
Eric P. F. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Over Time

Background Since 2014 there has been an increase in gonorrhoea among heterosexuals in Australia. Sex with a partner from a country with high gonorrhoea prevalence has been identified as a risk factor for gonorrhoea in heterosexual females, but risk factors for heterosexual males remain unclear. This study determined risk factors for gonorrhoea among heterosexual males. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed among heterosexual males attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017. Countries for overseas sexual partners were stratified as high-prevalence countries (HPC) or low-prevalence countries (LPC) based on the incidence of gonorrhoea. Results: The annual gonorrhoea positivity increased from 0.72% in 2007 to 1.33% in 2017 (Ptrend &lt;0.001). Males attending MSHC as a contact of gonorrhoea had the highest odds of testing positive (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.46–12.49), followed by males identifying as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (aOR 2.57; 95% CI 1.30–5.09), males who had injected drugs in the past 12 months (aOR 2.44; 95% CI 1.39–4.30) and males who had sex with a female from an HPC (aOR 2.18; 95% CI 1.77–2.68). Males aged ≥35 were at higher risk than those aged ≤24 years (aOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.14–1.82). Gonorrhoea positivity increased among males who had sex with females from an LPC (from 0.60% to 1.33%; Ptrend = 0.004) but remained the same over time among males who had sex with females from an HPC (2.14%; Ptrend = 0.143). Conclusions: There was an 80% increase in urethral gonorrhoea among heterosexual males between 2007 and 2017. Having sex with a female from an HPC is a significant risk factor for gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea positivity among men having sex with a female from an HPC did not change over time, suggesting this risk factor has become less important.

scholarly journals Stunting, Poor Iron Status and Parasite Infection Are Significant Risk Factors for Lower Cognitive Performance in Cambodian School-Aged Children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e112605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Perignon ◽  
Marion Fiorentino ◽  
Khov Kuong ◽  
Kurt Burja ◽  
Megan Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
School Aged Children
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