scholarly journals Neonatal Jaundice Risk Factors at a District Hospital in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Claudine Murekatete ◽  
Claudine Muteteli ◽  
Richard Nsengiyumva ◽  
Geldine Chironda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common reasons for hospital admission in the neonatal unit, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice among newborns at a District Hospital in Rwanda.  Methods A quantitative approach has been used with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Two hundred and ten files were used as sample size. Stratified proportional sampling was used for the years 2016-2018 to select files. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis.   Results The study findings showed that nearly half (44.3%) of 210 newborns were diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. The majority (87.2%) was term, and male gender (60.5%). Nearly a third (29.5%) were Low Birth Weight. Significant risk factors for neonatal jaundice were birth weight (p=0.015), gestational age of the newborn (p=0.002), neonatal gender (p=0.004), method of delivery (p=.000), blood group incompatibility (p=0.001); infections (p =0.000), cesarean section (p= 0.000) and prematurity (p=0.017).  Conclusion There was a high prevalence of neonatal jaundice. Neonatal jaundice risk factors were predominantly demographic, maternal and neonatal. Hence there is need to formulate tailored interventions that mitigate neonatal jaundice. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):204-213.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Early Breastfeeding Jaundice: How Can Gynecologists and Nurses be Effective in Reducing It?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Siroosbakht ◽  
Ali Reza Aminian ◽  
Bijan Rezakhaniha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Rh Incompatibility ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Neonatal Problems

Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common neonatal problems. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates have jaundice. Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of early neonatal jaundice, which can lead to mothers’ concerns and even hospitalization of neonates, we decided to study the frequency and risk factors of breast feeding jaundice to determine the role of gynecologists and nurses in the development of this type of jaundice. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sampling method was by convenience. Study populations included one hundred terms, exclusively breastfed neonates aged equal or less than seven days with jaundice who were admitted in Golestan and Khanevadeh hospitals Tehran, Iran from July 2019 to January 2020. Results: The percentage of causes of jaundice in the study population was 65% non-breastfeeding jaundice (29 male, 36 female), including 36% blood group incompatibility, 19% Rh incompatibility and 10% G6PD deficiency. The amount of breast feeding jaundice was 35% (18 male, 17 female). The most significant factors in breastfeeding jaundice were: use of water or sugar water, depressed nipple, mother’s unwillingness to breastfeed; inappropriate breastfeeding technique, and birth weight < 2500 g. Conclusions: The high prevalence of breastfeeding jaundice indicates that policies of breastfeeding education need to be revised. Breastfeeding education before delivery, attention of gynecologists to breast problems of mothers during pregnancy, professional coordination of nurses and physicians for effective breastfeeding training, and early mothers’ revisit after the initial discharge of neonates can reduce the frequency of breastfeeding jaundice and readmission of neonates.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Calves among Small-Holder Dairy and Traditional Herds in Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel S. Swai ◽  
Luuk Schoonman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in bovine from two contrasting production system in and around Tanga municipality between May 2003 and January 2004. The study populations comprised 117 calves aged ≤3 months, randomly selected from 44 smallholders dairy and traditional managed herds, respectively. Individual calf and herd-level information was collected using a structured questionnaire and feacal samples were screened forCryptosporidiumspp oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Overall, 35% of the calves in the study were sheddingCryptosporidiumspp oocysts, with at least one positive calf detected in 54.5% of herds. Independent risk factors for cryptosporidiosis were: age ≥1 to ≤2 months and level of cleanness of calf house floor categorized as dirty (). Similarly an increases risk ofCryptosporidiumspp infection was found in calves from smallholder dairy units compared to traditional herds (). The finding highlights thatCryptosporidiumspp is prevalent among calves in the area under study. The high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis detected in this study suggests that it may have a significant impact on livestock industry and that the close interaction between cattle and human may play a role in zoonotic transmission to humans.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Hypertension Risk Factors among Adults in Oshikoto Region in Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Emilia Shiwa Ashipala ◽  
Linda Ndeshipandula Lukolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Harmful Use

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension complications are responsible for 9.4 million deaths worldwide and among these deaths, 51 % are due to stroke and 45% are due to heart disease like heart failure. This study aims to investigate the hypertension risk factors among adult in Oshikoto region, Namibia. METHODS: A community population-based, cross- sectional survey was conducted using WHO STEPwise approach among 375 adults in Oshikoto region. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine the association between risk factors and Hypertension, based on p-value &lt;0.05. RESULTS: Overall prevalence for risk factors was: physical inactivity (25.3%), unhealthy diet (75.7%), tobacco use (9.1%), harmful use of alcohol (40.8%). 20.5% overweight with majority (85.7%) of them were females. Obesity was 9.1% in which 91.2% were females. Hypertension prevalence was 24.3%. Four percent of individuals were having two multiple risk factors for hypertension, 2.4% with four risk factors and 1.1% with more than four risk factors. Age group (OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.44-4.26, P=0.001), Obesity (OR=3.48, 95%CI=1.55-7.79, P=0.003), and overweight (OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.31-4.19, P =0.004) were significant risk factors for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence and burden of hypertension risk factors such as obesity and overweight among adults in Oshikoto region, thus, these results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent those risk factors of hypertension in Oshikoto region, Namibia.

scholarly journals Contact screening and risk factors for TB among the household contact of children with active TB: a way to find source case and new TB cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeeha Laghari ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Amer Hayat Khan ◽  
Bandeh Ali Talpur ◽  
Zohra Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current System ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Source Case ◽  
Contact Screening ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background Source case investigation, for children with tuberculosis (TB), is conducted to establish the source of infection and to minimize the extent of on-going transmission from infectious persons in the community. The aim of the study was to evaluate the secondary TB cases and to investigate the risk factors in developing TB among the household contacts (HHC) of children with active TB. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted where 443 caregivers, of 508 children with active TB receiving treatment, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors for TB. Results A total of 2397 family members at the median of 5 persons were recorded. Of these, 223 (9.3%) were screened on symptoms basis and 35 (15.7%) of these contacts were diagnosed with TB. Multivariate analysis revealed HHC with TB (OR = 15.288, 95% CI: 5.378–43.457), HHC with smoking (OR = 7.094, 95% CI: 2.128–23.648), and contact of > 18 h with TB individual (OR = 4.681, 95% CI: 1.198–18.294) as statistically significant risk factors of TB among the HHC. Conclusion With the current system of contact screening for TB, only 9.3% of all HHC were screened. The low rates of contacts screened are possibly a repercussion of the passive nature of the program, which mainly depend on distinctive clinical symptoms being experienced by the contacts. Strategies are required to certify adherence with contact screening among children with active TB and to critically consider the factors responsible for TB transmission.

scholarly journals The prevalence of neonatal jaundice and risk factors in healthy term neonates at National District Hospital in Bloemfontein

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanneke Brits ◽  
Jeanie Adendorff ◽  
Dyanti Huisamen ◽  
Dahne Beukes ◽  
Kristian Botha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Non Invasive

Background: Neonatal jaundice affects one in two infants globally. The jaundice is the result of an accumulation of bilirubin as foetal haemoglobin is metabolised by the immature liver. High serum levels of bilirubin result in lethargy, poor feeding and kernicterus of the infant.Aim: The main aim of this article was to determine the prevalence of neonatal jaundice and secondly to explore its risk factors in healthy term neonates.Setting: Maternity ward, National District Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mothers and infants were conveniently sampled after delivery and before discharge. The mothers were interviewed and their case records were reviewed for risk factors for neonatal jaundice and the clinical appearance and bilirubin levels of the infants were measured with a non-invasive transcutaneous bilirubin meter.Results: A total of 96 mother-infant pairs were included in the study. The prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 55.2%; however, only 10% of black babies who were diagnosed with jaundice appeared clinically jaundiced. Normal vaginal delivery was the only risk factor associated with neonatal jaundice. Black race and maternal smoking were not protective against neonatal jaundice as in some other studies.Conclusion: More than half (55.2%) of healthy term neonates developed neonatal jaundice. As it is difficult to clinically diagnose neonatal jaundice in darker pigmented babies, it is recommended that the bilirubin level of all babies should be checked with a non-invasive bilirubin meter before discharge from hospital or maternity unit as well as during the first clinic visit on day 3 after birth.

scholarly journals Gambaran status gizi dan faktor risiko kecacingan pada anak cacingan di masyarakat Dayak Meratus, Kecamatan Loksado, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Annida Annida ◽  
Deni Fakhrizal ◽  
Juhairiyah Juhairiyah ◽  
Budi Hairani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Helminthiasis is a disease caused by intestinal parasite helminth with a high prevalence and spread throughout Indonesia, not deadly but secretly and slowly affect the health and productivity of patients through the decline in nutritional status. Slow and less symptom-prone effects cause the disease to be neglected among other diseases. This research is descriptive observational with cross sectional design, to know the description of nutritional status and risk factors of helminthiasis at elementary school children suffering from helminth in Meratus Dayak community, conducted in April 2017 at SDN Loksado and SDN Tanuhi, Loksado Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The results showed 6.5% of helminthiasis occurred in the Dayak community in the Loksado Subdistrict. Helminthiasis consists caused by hookworm (58.33%), Enterobius (16.66), Hymenolepis (8.33%), Trichuris (8.33%), and mix infection of hookworm and enterobius (8.33%). However, this helminthiasis has not had an impact on the patient's nutritional status and progressed without symptoms, indicated by the nutritional status of patients who are mostly in the normal category until the fat. Although helminthiasis is not a deadly disease and is emergency, but the risk factor of helminthiasis in the patient can cause chronic infestation and transmission to other children. Keywords          : helminthiasis, nutritional status, risk factors

scholarly journals Seroprevalensi Toksoplasmosis di Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Eka Febianingsih ◽  
Citra Indriani ◽  
Wayan Tunas Artama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Wild Cats ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Gianyar Bali provincePurposeThe present study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of human toxoplasmosis.MethodsThe research used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in Gianyar District, Bali Province. A total of 240 sera samples were collected and examined by indirect ELISA methods for IgG Anti-T. gondii. Demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected by interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Poisson regression test with robust variance estimators.ResultsSeroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Gianyar District were 56.7%. Multivariate analysis showed that there was an association between meal of raw meat/Lawar (aPR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.05-1.86); Male (aPR1:42; 95%CI: 1.12-1.81); existence of animals/wild cats (aPR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.04-2.09); often washing their hand (aPR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.01-1.56); elevation (aPR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.99-0.99); and distance to the river from the house (aPR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.99 to 0.99).ConclusionThere was found high seropositive toxoplasmosis in Gianyar District. Patients with seropositive toxoplasmosis  should receive treatment and health information. There should be continued prevention efforts to increase health knowledge about toxoplasmosis and transmission.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Prevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 521-524
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Yorky Brahmantya ◽  
Haikal Hamas Putra Iqra ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Rai Mulya Hartawan ◽  
Ida Ayu Widya Anjani ◽  
I Made Sudarmaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infection is an infectious disease that has a high prevalence with unclear clinical symptoms and predominantly affects children in the age range of 5–14 years. AIM: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for STH infections in elementary school students in an STH endemic area. METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. Risk factors were obtained by a questionnaire, and the diagnosis of STH infection was established through a fecal examination with the modified Kato-Katz method. The data are then processed and analyzed using the SPSS application. Chi-square test and risk assessment are used to determine risk factors for STH infection. RESULTS: A total of 138 children participated in this study. The prevalence of STH infections obtained was 56.5% with Trichuris trichiura (53.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (18%), and both (28.2%) as etiology. The degree of STH infection varies from mild-to-severe. All risk factors related to hygiene and sanitation have a statistically significant relationship with the prevalence of STH infections. Eating while playing on the ground was the most influential risk factor for the high prevalence of STH infections (p <0.001, PR = 2.611, CI 95% = 1.961–3.477). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of STH infections in elementary schoolchildren in Tenganan village was 56.5%. Low personal hygiene and sanitation are risk factors for STH infection that can be overcome; therefore, it is necessary to introduce early prevention efforts in elementary schoolchildren as one risk group for STH infection.

Prevalence and predictors of underweight and stunting among children under 2 years of age in Eastern Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1599-1608
Author(s):  
Helen Guyatt ◽  
Florence Muiruri ◽  
Peter Mburu ◽  
Ann Robins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
The Government

AbstractObjective:To investigate key risk factors associated with undernutrition in the first few years of life.Design:A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in January 2018 collecting anthropometric data and other information on household, caregiver and child characteristics. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to assess the association of these characteristics with stunting and underweight outcomes.Setting:Kitui and Machakos counties in south-east Kenya.Participants:Caregivers and their children aged 0–23 months in 967 beneficiary households of the Government of Kenya’s cash for orphans and vulnerable children (CT-OVC) social protection scheme.Results:Twenty-three per cent of the 1004 children with anthropometric data were stunted, 10 % were underweight and 6 % experienced wasting. The strongest predictors of stunting and underweight were being in the second year of life and being born with a low birth weight. Residing in a poor household and having more than one child under 2 years of age in the household were also significant risk factors for being underweight. Although 43 % of children did not receive the minimal acceptable diet, this was not a significant factor associated with undernutrition. When age was removed as a covariate in children aged 12–23 months, being male resulted in a significantly higher risk of being stunted.Conclusions:While only 9 % of children were born with a low birth weight, these were four to five times more likely to be stunted and underweight, suggesting that preventive measures during pregnancy could have significant nutrition and health benefits for young children in this study area.

scholarly journals The Influence of Chewing Habits on the Degree of Impacted Cerumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Asti Widuri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Number Of Males

Abstract: Cerumen was glandular secretions at the outer one-third of the ear mixed with exfoliated squamous epithelium. The jaw's movement keeps the cerumen in the ear canal in a state of balance, so it is clean, protects and lubricates the external auditory canal. Impacted cerumen is also caused by excessive production, narrow canal anatomy, viscosity wax, and irritation due to cotton-tipped swabs habits. This study aims to determine whether chewing habits influence the degree of cerumen obstruction in patients with impacted cerumen. The study was a cross-sectional method in impacted cerumen patients at 17-80 years old in the ENT clinic of District Hospital Wates, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Risk factors assessed were education, age, gender, chewing habits, and cotton-tipped swabs habits. The data were then analyzed by chi-square test. Of 80 respondents with the dominant age range 17-38 years (58.8 %), the number of males was 47 (58.8 %), and females were 33 (41.2 %). The significant risk factors comprised the chewing habit and the use of cotton-tipped swabs. Factors affecting the degree of cerumen in patients with impacted cerumen were the chewing habits and cotton-tipped swabs habits.

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