Sources and Content of Iodine in California Milk and Dairy Products1

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. BRUHN ◽  
A. A. FRANKE ◽  
R. B. BUSHNELL ◽  
H. WEISHEIT ◽  
G. H. HUTTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Set Up

In recent years, milk and milk products have been implicated as a major contributor to dietary iodine. The possible sources of iodine in milk are supplemental iodine in dairy feeds, iodophor-containing sanitizers used at the dairy farm and/or the processing plant, iodophor-containing teat dips used to control the spread of mastitis among dairy cows, and iodine-containing medications used by veterinarians. A five-year program to determine the California raw milk iodine concentration and identify the sources of adventitious iodine has resulted in the California dairy industry deciding late in 1980 to reduce iodine supplementation of dairy feeds. This resulted in a decrease in milk iodine concentration in samples received in 1981 to 256 ± 234 μg/kg compared to 1980, when the concentration was 474 ± 304 μg/kg. The industry has set up a program to monitor the raw milk iodine concentration at the producer level, thus ensuring that the concentration will continue to decline.

scholarly journals AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Kashif Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Share ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China

With the rise of factory farming, milk is now almost an unnatural operation. The modern dairy farm can have hundreds, even thousands of cows. Today’s average dairy cow produces six to seven times as much milk as she did a century ago. Currently, the United States is the largest producer of milk in the world, followed by India and China. India being one of the largest milk producer around the world, has to import a part of Milk products and its exports are negligible in the World Export Share. This paper tries to examine the issues regarding ‘Export Performance of Dairy Industry of India’: Trends, Challenges and suggestions for improving the trade situation. The existing Literature has been reviewed accordingly comprising Trade Exports, Imports and the factors which are affecting the Milk Production in country. The Objectives of the study is to find out the reasons for the low per unit production, Imports and negligible exports. In Nutshell, it can be said that there are many unexplored areas in which researchers can explore the findings which can be helpful in achieving trade balance of the Indian Economy.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk in the dairy farm and after transport to the processing dairy plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Mörschbächer ◽  
Claudete Rempel ◽  
Mônica Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: Transport of cooled raw milk in bulk has greatly improved the quality of the raw material collected by dairy plants as it reduces the proliferation of mesophilic microorganisms that cause milk acidity and hinder its processing. However, refrigeration has favored the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms which are able to grow at low temperatures (below 10ºC) and that produce heat resistant enzymes which degrade some milk components, reducing milk shelf life and causing organoleptic changes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the microbiological quality of raw milk in dairy farms and after its transport to the processing dairy plant, through plate counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. Fourteen milk samples were collected from tanks of the dairy-farming properties, and one sample was collected from their milk transport tanker at the entrance of the processing plant. Our results showed that the mean number of mesophilic microorganisms was higher in samples collected straight from the dairy farm tanks than in the samples collected from the transportation tankers at the entrance of the plant. Of the 14 sampled tanks, 64.3% were non-compliant with legislation. The sample collected from the milk transportation tanker containing milk from all properties showed a higher mean number of psychrotrophic microorganisms than the dairy farm samples. We conclude that the milk from dairy properties showed a higher amount of mesophilic microorganisms, and after transportation, at the entrance of the processing plant, there is a higher amount of psychrotrophic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Factors affecting raw milk quality of dairy cows under practical conditions

10.5219/1336 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 744-749
Author(s):  
Vladimí­r Tančin ◽  
Šimon Mikláš ◽  
Maroš Čobirka ◽  
Michal Uhrinčať ◽  
Lucia Mačuhová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
In The Beginning

Under the practical conditions, it is important to evaluate the factors affecting milk performance. Data from test day yield and milk components should be useful for such evaluation. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of season, udder health (by somatic cell counts SCC), parity, stage of lactation on milk production, milk components, and SCC under the practical conditions. Also, the frequency of incidence of high SCC during the season was observed. The experiment was realized on one dairy farm in dairy practice. The experiment lasted from December 2015 to October 2017. We examined 481 Holstein dairy cows (6910 milk samples). Milk samples were collected once per month – performed by recording test day. Only cows with 9 – 11 test days were evaluated. The effect of season, parity, stage of lactation, and SCC influenced most of the studied traits. The milk yield was highest at 2nd lactation. In the following lactations, the milk yields were decreasing. The SCC significantly increased with advanced parity. The elevated SCC was found in the beginning and in the final part of lactation. SCC as a factor significantly reduced milk yield, lactose content but increased fat and protein content. In conclusion, under practical conditions, the management should use the data from test days and analyze them for a better understanding of the performance efficiency at the farm level and for implementing more sophisticated decision making in farming.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Dairy Industry in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1566-1571
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Production Trend ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Milk provides nutritious food and supplements the income of rural people of the country. The study investigates the growth and development of the dairy industry in India. It studies the status of milk production and consumption of the country. The study attempts to forecast the production of milk in the country at the current trend of production. It tries to find the relationship between milk production of the country with its global export and imports. The findings will be helpful for both the policymakers and the dairy farm industry in making a production decision. Descriptive statistics, forecasting, and correlation analysis were used during the study to bring out the relationship between production, consumption, and distribution of milk products. It was found that with the current production trend in the country, India will be able to produce about 217 million tonnes of milk by 2025. The per capita milk availability of the country stands at 351 gms in 2016-17, which exceeds the global milk per capita availability of 229 gms per day. Correlation analyses were used to determine if there is a relationship between import and export of milk products with that of the amount of milk produced. The findings indicated that the production of milk has a positive impact on the export of milk products (r = 0.220, p = 0.601), whereas it has a negative effect on the imports (r = 0.228, p = 0.588). The study found that there is ample room for promotion, production, and distribution of liquid milk and its products, which policymakers and dairy industry can use it in their favour.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus sp. FMQ74, a Dairy-Contaminating Isolate from Raw Milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Okshevsky ◽  
Viduthalai R. Regina ◽  
Ian P. G. Marshall ◽  
Lars Schreiber ◽  
Rikke L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Genomic Basis ◽  
Danish Dairy

ABSTRACT Representatives of the genus Bacillus are common milk contaminants that cause spoilage and flavor alterations of dairy products. Bacillus sp. FMQ74 was isolated from raw milk on a Danish dairy farm. To elucidate the genomic basis of this strain’s survival in the dairy industry, a high-quality draft genome was produced.

scholarly journals Participation of Microorganisms in Milk and Milk-products Contamination and Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Ali Elshafei
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Food Control ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Milk and milk-products represent the main basic nutritional healthy food in the human diet; however, milk is also a favorable source of microbial infection for human health when milk and milk products are consumed without applying hygiene milk practices methods such as pasteurization and other effective methods to avoid contamination risk. The presence of microorganisms in milk could result in spoilage and severe diseases to humans. Several recent preservation systems such as heating, refrigeration, and the addition of safe antimicrobial compounds can be used to reduce the risk of outbreaks of dairy product poisoning. Proper food control programs must be implemented in all countries around the world to ensure the safety of food and dairy products. Investigators reported the importance of applying effective hygiene practices during milking and handling of raw milk to reduce the risk of contamination on the farm and in the milk processing plant in the industry.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Subclinical Aflatoxicosis by Biochemical Changes in Dairy Cows under Field Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
E Hernandez Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Aflatoxins (AF) are potent mycotoxins with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic potential. There is no agreement on the safe AF maximum residue levels established in different countries (5.0 to >20.0 μg/kg) to avoid feed toxicity in dairy cows and to protect the food chain. The objective was to establish a diagnosis of subclinical aflatoxicosis via changes in biochemical values during long-term exposure of AF low concentrations under field conditions. A cohort of 90 Holstein heifers were selected (395±10 kg/BW; 14-15 months) in a large dairy farm in the central Mexico highlands. Monthly samples of blood serum, feedstuffs, total mixed ration, and raw milk were obtained (26 months) and analyzed via spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Dairy diets were naturally contaminated with AF (8.1±5.2 µg/kg). No cow showed clinical disease, but significant changes in biochemistry values were associated to AF intake at levels >5.0 µg/kg, especially a serum concentrations decrease in albumin, total protein and reduced glutathione; furthermore, an increase in prothrombin time, and in specific activity of AF metabolizing enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase). Raw milk samples were naturally contaminated with AF in milk (AFM1; 43.1±24.0 ng/kg). A linear dose-response relationship between AF in feed and AFM1 concentrations was observed (AFM1=19.2+2.70(AF); P<0.01; R2 :62.1%). Moreover, reproductive failure and inter-pregnancy interval rates of cows exposed to higher AF concentrations (>10.0 µg/kg) were increased. These results suggested that in the long term, low amounts of AF exposure may lead to significant adverse effects consistent with subclinical aflatoxicosis.

scholarly journals Bacterial Quality, Prevalence of Pathogens, and Molecular Characterization of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus aureus from Korean Dairy Farm Environments

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Sangdon Ryu ◽  
Minhye Shin ◽  
Bohyun Yun ◽  
Woongji Lee ◽  
Hyejin Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Microbiological Analysis

Raw milk acts as a mediator of major foodborne pathogenic bacterial infections. However, the sources of pathogens that contaminate milk are often unclear. This study assessed the prevalence of sanitary quality-indicating bacteria (total aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, coliform, and yeast/molds), including seven foodborne pathogens, in a dairy farm environment and processing plant in Korea. The microbiological analysis showed that a few sites, such as vat bottoms, room floors, drain holes, and niches, showed high microbial loads in most dairy farms. Based on quantitative microbial tests, Bacillus cereus was detected in three farms and Staphylococcus aureus was detected in only one farm. Among them, S. aureus JDFM SA01 isolated from a milk filter showed strong biofilm formation and toxicity to the host Caenorhabditis elegans. Subsequently, RNA-seq was performed to characterize the biofilm formation ability of S. aureus JDFM SA01. In biofilms, the significant upregulation of genes encoding microbial surface components and recognizing adhesive matrix molecules promotes adhesion might explain the increased viability and biomass of biofilms. This study provided insight into the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria and microbial contamination levels across dairy farms.

scholarly journals Dairy Exporting and Employment: A Possible Role for Once a Day (OAD) Milking

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Tipples
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
System Change ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Employment Conditions

The dairy industry is New Zealand's top export earner and recently went through a growth period under the influence of rapidly rising world prices for milk products. They peaked in 2008. Employment conditions in this major sector of the economy have been problematic since the early twentieth century as the prevailing industry mentality is one of cost saving, particularly of labour. Once-a-Day (OAD) milking appeared to provide the key system change, which held the possibility of dairy farming becoming socially sustainable rather that lurching from one employment crisis to the next. However, while the changes brought about by conversion to OAD milking are very positive, they have not affected dairy farm employment in some of the ways which were anticipated. The paper reports findings of an in-depth qualitative study of social aspects of OAD milking and their implications, set in the context of data from the 2006 Census of Population.

scholarly journals Why knowledge is the best way to reduce the risks associated with raw milk and raw milk products

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rafael Fagnani ◽  
Luis Augusto Nero ◽  
Carla Prado Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Milk Pasteurisation ◽  
Current Potential

Abstract In an age of flexible conditions about mandatory milk pasteurisation, this opinion-based research reflection supports the view that the knowledge and the awareness of milk-borne infections are key requirements to decrease the risks associated with raw milk. Providing an analysis of the current potential risks related to consumption of raw milk and raw milk products, we discuss the main reasons to continue to be vigilant about milk-borne pathogens and the current scenario in relation to the formal and clandestine sale of raw milk. Finally, we select some highly effective strategies to reduce the risks associated with raw milk in food services. Regardless of whether a country regulation allows or prohibits the trade of raw milk and its products, this is not the time to be negligent.

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