Effectiveness of Commercial Disinfectants for Inactivating Hepatitis A Virus on Agri-Food Surfaces

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. JEAN ◽  
J.-F. VACHON ◽  
O. MORONI ◽  
A. DARVEAU ◽  
I. KUKAVICA-IBRULJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
High Concentrations

Six commercial disinfectants were tested for their efficacy in inactivating hepatitis A virus in solution or attached to agri-food surfaces. Disinfectant I contains 10% quaternary ammonium plus 5% glutaraldehyde;disinfectant II contains 12% sodium hypochlorite; disinfectant III contains 2.9% dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid plus 16% phosphoric acid; disinfectant IV contains 10% quaternary ammonium; disinfectant V contains 2% iodide; and disinfectant VI contains 2% stabilized chlorine dioxide. Among these, disinfectants I and II were shown to be the most effective in inactivating hepatitis A virus in solution. The efficacy of these disinfectants was further tested against hepatitis A virus attached to common agri-food surfaces, including polyvinyl chlorine, high-density polyethylene, aluminum, stainless steel, and copper. Disinfectant II was shown to be the most effective, with a maximum inactivation level of about 3 log10. The inactivation efficacy was shown to be affected by the concentration of the active ingredient, the contact time between the disinfectant and the contaminated surfaces, and the incubation temperature. In general, hepatitis A virus was shown to be highly resistant to most disinfectants tested, and high concentrations of active ingredient were needed to achieve acceptable inactivation levels.

scholarly journals Determinants in 3Dpol Modulate the Rate of Growth of Hepatitis A Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (16) ◽  
pp. 8342-8347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamurthy Konduru ◽  
Gerardo G. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Atypical Member

ABSTRACT Hepatitis A virus (HAV), an atypical member of the Picornaviridae, grows poorly in cell culture. To define determinants of HAV growth, we introduced a blasticidin (Bsd) resistance gene into the virus genome and selected variants that grew at high concentrations of Bsd. The mutants grew fast and had increased rates of RNA replication and translation but did not produce significantly higher virus yields. Nucleotide sequence analysis and reverse genetic studies revealed that a T6069G change resulting in a F42L amino acid substitution in the viral polymerase (3Dpol) was required for growth at high Bsd concentrations whereas a silent C7027T mutation enhanced the growth rate. Here, we identified a novel determinant(s) in 3Dpol that controls the kinetics of HAV growth.

scholarly journals Overview of Spray Aerosols for Disinfection Against Airborne and Surface Spread of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2494-2500
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
General Public ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
The Us ◽  
Surface Spread

The global outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 (called Covid-19) has claimed many lives, with currently over 59.95 million confirmed cases of infected persons and over 1.4 million deaths worldwide. Spray aerosols used to disinfect areas, surfaces, and objects are crucial to preventing and protecting people against Covid-19. This paper presents and examines various available and approved materials to formulate spray aerosols for disinfection against Covid-19. The formulations are discussed based on the active ingredient and the possible contact time. The virus can be inactivated. The major groups of spray aerosols discussed include quaternary ammonium-based sprays, hydrogen peroxide-based sprays, alcohol-based sprays, acid-based sprays, sodium-based sprays, and other formulations, some of which are recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Information presented here could benefit governments, policymakers, communities, researchers, health workers, and the general public during this pandemic and beyond.

Hepatitis a Virus Levels in Shellfish Exposed in a Natural Marine Environment to the Effluent from a Treated Sewage Outfall

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Pietri ◽  
B. Hugues ◽  
J. M. Crance ◽  
D. Puel ◽  
C. Cini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Mussel Sample ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Seawater Samples

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) contamination studies and cell-culturable virus determination were undertaken on oysters (Crassostrea angulata) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) kept for six months in the sea near the outfall of a sewage treatment plant. Shellfish and seawater samples were collected on 11 occasions at roughly 15-day intervals during this period. A radioimmunoassay revealed HAV contamination indices (P/N ≥ 2.1) in 3 oyster and 6 mussel samples and 1 sea-water sample. When a radiocompetition test was run on these samples, however, specificity was noted in one mussel sample only (P/N = 2.4). Immune electron microscopy showed that HAV particles were present in three effluent samples. Although a frequent demonstration at sometimes high concentrations (326.0 MPNCU/100 ml) in the effluent was observed, no cell-culturable virus were detected in both the shellfish and the seawater. Adenovirus alone were detected in one mussel sample, but not in the effluent. Complementary studies are now being conducted on all samples with an RIA HAV contamination index of P/N ≥ 2.1. The results of this investigation of viral contamination in a natural marine environment and our HAV detection assays underscore the difficulty of determining the true extent of these phenomena.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

Hepatitis A Antigen in Liver, Bile and Stool

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
D.R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hoofnagle ◽  
A.N. Schulman ◽  
J.L. Dienstag ◽  
R.H. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Ag Particle ◽  
Human Stool

Using immune electron microscopy Feinstone et. al. demonstrated the presence of a 27 nm virus-like particle in acute-phase stools of patients with viral hepatitis, type A, These hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) particles were aggregated by convalescent serum from patients with type A hepatitis but not by pre-infection serum. Subsequently Dienstag et. al. and Maynard et. al. produced acute hepatitis in chimpanzees by inoculation with human stool containing HA Ag. During the early acute disease, virus like particles antigenically, morphologically and biophysically identical to the human HA Ag particle were found in chimpanzee stool. Recently Hilleman et. al. have described similar particles in liver and serum of marmosets infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV). We have investigated liver, bile and stool from chimpanzees and marmosets experimentally infected with HAV. In an initial study, a chimpanzee (no.785) inoculated with HA Ag-containing stool developed elevated liver enzymes 21 days after exposure.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

“In vitro” and in Animal Model Studies on a Double Virus- Inactivated Factor VIII Concentrate

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (03) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Arrighi ◽  
Roberta Rossi ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Borri ◽  
Vladimir Lesnikov ◽  
Marina Lesnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Heat Treated

SummaryTo improve the safety of plasma derived factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate, we introduced a final super heat treatment (100° C for 30 min) as additional virus inactivation step applied to a lyophilized, highly purified FVIII concentrate (100 IU/mg of proteins) already virus inactivated using the solvent/detergent (SID) method during the manufacturing process.The efficiency of the super heat treatment was demonstrated in inactivating two non-lipid enveloped viruses (Hepatitis A virus and Poliovirus 1). The loss of FVIII procoagulant activity during the super heat treatment was of about 15%, estimated both by clotting and chromogenic assays. No substantial changes were observed in physical, biochemical and immunological characteristics of the heat treated FVIII concentrate in comparison with those of the FVIII before heat treatment.

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